Influence of nitrogen and herbicide treatments on the nitrogen uptake of pea and Chenopodium album L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wágner ◽  
E. Nádasy
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Based on the results of earlier greenhouse tests, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three different herbicide combinations (clomazone, flumioxazine and pendimethaline combined with bentazone) at increasing nitrogen levels on the nitrogen uptake of green pea and common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.). Nitrogen was administered to the pea plants in the form of ammonium nitrate at increasing levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha. The experimental soil was loamy Ramann’s brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol). Green peas were grown to green maturity and harvested according to standard agricultural practices. Following harvest, the fresh and dry weight of the pea and weed shoots were recorded. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were determined from dried plant samples after digestion with concentrated sulphuric acid.The main results can be summarized as followsThe addition of nitrogen to the treatments considerably altered the growing potential of pea plants, especially at the early growth stage, where an increase in dry biomass of nearly 30% was observed. Yield biomass decreased in the nitrogen treatments. The nitrogen concentration, which increased in every treatment, was directly correlated to the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. Herbicides mainly influenced the vegetative growth of the plants. Pendimethalin and flumioxazin indirectly caused an increase in the dry biomass of the shoots by killing the surrounding weeds.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

scholarly journals Activity of the Recommended and Optimized Rates of Pyridate on Chickpea - Mesorhizobium mediterraneum Symbiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi PARSA ◽  
Akbar ALIVERDI ◽  
Hossein HAMMAMI
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
L Value ◽  
Symbiotic Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Crop-rhizobium symbiosis can be influenced by leaching of herbicides which is unavoidable after their application. Due to an adjuvant which might help to develop the low-use-rate of herbicide, an experiment was carried out to compare the impact of the recommended rate (1200 g active ingredient ha-1) and the optimized rate (282.15 g active ingredient ha-1) of pyridate on the biological properties of eight chickpea cultivars inoculated with Mesorhizobium mediterraneum, grown in pots. Based on the required rate of herbicide to give 95% control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) value, the efficacy of pyridate improved up to 3.87-fold by adding methylated rapeseed oil to spray solution. The ‘Desi’ cultivar had significantly higher nodulation than ‘Kabuli’ cultivar. In general, toxicity of the recommended rate was higher than the optimized rate. With the exception of root dry weight, all of the measured parameters were significantly affected by the recommended rate of pyridate in varying degrees. The symbiotic properties of chickpea cultivars were affected more than 10% at the recommended dose. The reduced nodulation ranged from 29% to 73% among cultivars exposed to pyridate at the recommended dose. The ‘Desi’ cultivar was more sensitive than the ‘Kabuli’ to the recommended rate of pyridate. We may conclude that effective low-use-rate of pyridate via applying of activator adjuvants should be noted.

Characterization of Selected Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Biotypes with Tolerance to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Westhoven ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Corey K. Gerber ◽  
Jeff M. Stachler ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Early Portion ◽  
Dose Response Study

Biotypes of common lambsquarters with tolerance to glyphosate have been identified in a number of states, but little is known about their fitness characteristics. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to characterize the response of selected glyphosate-tolerant common lambsquarters biotypes to glyphosate, and also their biological and reproductive characteristics. In a greenhouse dose-response study, GR50and GR90values for four tolerant biotypes ranged from 1.48 to 3.22 and 8.73 to 18.7 kg ae ha−1, respectively, compared to 0.57 and 2.39 kg ae ha−1, respectively, for a glyphosate-sensitive biotype. In a field dose-response study, the GR50and GR90values were 0.06 and 0.48 kg ae ha−1, respectively, for a tolerant biotype, compared to 0.036 and 0.19 kg ae ha−1, respectively, for the sensitive biotype. The growth rate, time until flowering, and seed production of eight tolerant and two sensitive biotypes was evaluated in a field study. The tolerant biotypes grew taller, amassed more leaf area and dry weight, and advanced through growth stages more rapidly than sensitive biotypes during the early portion of the growing season. The tolerant biotypes were taller than sensitive biotypes at 6 and 10 wk after transplanting, but had lower dry weight at maturity. Tolerant biotypes initiated flower primordia approximately 6 to 8 wk after transplanting, whereas sensitive biotypes required 12 wk. However, no apparent fitness penalties were observed in glyphosate-tolerant biotypes based on seed-production estimates.

Effect of levels of irrigation and nitrogen on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake in barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUN KUMAR ◽  
SHASHANK TYAGI ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR DUBEY ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at research farm of CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P. with the objective to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake by barley. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with treatments, comprising four levels of irrigation viz., I1= no irrigation, I2= one irrigation at tillering stage, I3= one irrigation at flag leaf stage and I4= two irrigations each at tillering and flag leaf stage in main plots and four nitrogen levels viz., N1= Control, N2= 30 kg ha-1, N3= 60 kg ha-1 and N4= 90 kg ha-1 in sub-plots. Results revealed that application of two irrigations first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage along with 90 kg nitrogen per hectare gives highest grain yield, straw yield, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake by grain, straw and protein content as compared to other irrigations (no irrigation, one irrigation at tillering stage, one irrigation at flag leaf stage) and nitrogen treatments (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1).

THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND NITROGEN ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS OF JACK PINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Giertych ◽  
J. L. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Winter Buds ◽  
Active Root

Nine seed lots of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and one of P. contorta var. latifolia Engelm. were grown for 115 days on five nitrogen levels and two photoperiods. The nitrogen levels were: zero N—no nitrogen, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], 1N—203 p.p.m., and 2N—406 p.p.m. The two photoperiods were a long-night photoperiod (10-hour day) and a broken-night photoperiod (9.5-hour day followed by 0.5-hour light break in the middle of the dark period). The plants, five per vessel, were analyzed for their response to treatments in terms of growth, development, and nitrogen content.(1) The breaking of the night doubled the height, total dry weight, and leaf weight and increased root weight and nitrogen absorption, but it lowered the number of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the nitrogen concentration, inhibited production of secondary leaves, and delayed winter bud formation.(2) The increase in nitrogen level in the medium lowered the percentage of fresh, active root tips, the proportion of the plant in root tissue, and the production of winter buds; it increased the content and concentration of nitrogen in the plants. Up to a certain maximum (about [Formula: see text]), it increased the dry weight and height of the plants.(3) The interrelation of growth and developmental stimuli is discussed. It is suggested that growth is an important factor in controlling development.

The nitrogen economy of winter wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Austin ◽  
M. A. Ford ◽  
J. A. Edrich ◽  
R. D. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
High Yields

SUMMARYIn a field experiment with 47 wheat genotypes, plant samples were taken at anthesis and maturity and analysed for nitrogen. Taking means over all genotypes, the plants contained at anthesis 83 % of the total present at maturity, while at maturity 68 % of the plant nitrogen was present in the grain.There was significant genetic variation in most of the component attributes determining nitrogen uptake. At anthesis, the heaviest plants contained most nitrogen. Because the nitrogen concentration in the leaves (average 2·8%) was much greater than in the stems and ears (average O8 %) and the leaves comprised, on average, 37 % of the plant weight at anthesis, variation in leanness was the main cause of variation in the nitrogen content of plants of a given weight. During grain filling, plants which lost the most dry weight from their stems and leaves took up the least nitrogen.It is suggested that the strong positive correlation between the accumulation of dry matter and of nitrogen, both until anthesis and during grain filling, occurred because both carbon assimilation and nitrate reduction depend on energy made available from chloroplasts. In addition, assimilate is required to sustain the growth of roots which is necessary for continued nitrate uptake.The results show that it should be easier for breeders to select for high nitrogen uptake from among heavy than from among light genotypes. However, although dwarf genotypes tended to be light, none of the correlations found was strong enough to render it impossible to produce dwarf genotypes capable of giving high yields of high-protein grain.

scholarly journals Orchid in vitro growth as affected by nitrogen levels in the culture medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando R Tavares ◽  
Jorge Luiz M Young ◽  
Sandra S Ori ◽  
Shoey Kanashiro ◽  
Giuseppina PP Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

In vitro cultivation is the main propagation method for the family Orchidaceae, whereas nitrogen is the most important nutrient in the culture media. This work was carried out to study the influence of different nitrogen concentrations on the in vitro growth of the orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis. Nitrogen concentrations varied by altering the ionic balance of the Murashige & Skoog (MS) culture medium. Plants, 360 days old, were cultivated in liquid MS, modified with 7.5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mM N. After 180 days, we assessed plant and root length, number of leaves and roots, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, roots and plants. Treatments were assigned to completely randomized plots, with four replications. Plots consisted of five three-plant flasks. The lowest nitrogen level (7.5 mM) in the medium induced root development in length, number, and fresh and dry weight. The concentration 30 mM N stimulated both emission and dry weight accumulation of leaves. The original nitrogen concentration in the MS medium (60 mM) was excessive for the in vitro growth of P. amabilis.

Response of Various Weed Species and Corn (Zea mays) to RPA 201772

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Sanjay Kushwaha ◽  
Sowmya Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the response of corn (Zea mays), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescence) to RPA 201772. Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were more susceptible than yellow foxtail to RPA 201772. Velvetleaf was the most susceptible species and rates above 18 g ai/ha of RPA 201772 controlled 100% of the population 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Percent control of all the weed species increased with increased RPA 201772 rates. In the field, the dry weights of yellow foxtail decreased as the rate of RPA 201772 increased from 0 to 210 g/ha. However, a 60% reduction of dry weight of yellow foxtail was recorded at 140 g/ha of RPA 201772 compared to the untreated check 6 WAT, whereas at 12 WAT the dry weight of yellow foxtail was reduced to only 15% because of intraspecific competition. Yellow foxtail was moderately susceptible to RPA 201772. Corn was tolerant to RPA 201772; the GR80 value was 435 g/ha in the greenhouse. The bleaching injury to corn in the field was less than 10%, and it was found only with the 210 g/ha rate of RPA 201772. This injury was temporary and the plants recovered within 2 to 3 wk. Based on the GR80 values, velvetleaf was the most susceptible, followed by common lambsquarters, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and yellow foxtail.

Effects of different irrigation programs and nitrogen levels on nitrogen concentration, uptake and utilisation in processing tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
İ. Erdal ◽  
A. Ertek ◽  
U. Şenyiğit ◽  
H. İ. Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Class A ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation programs and nitrogen (N) levels on N concentration, uptake and utilisation by the processing tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). The amount of water used was determined based on a screened class-A pan. Irrigation treatments consisted of 2 different irrigation intervals (I5, 5 days; I10, 10 days) and 3 plant-pan coefficients (Kcp0.50, 0.50; Kcp0.75, 0.75; Kcp1.00, 1.00). Nitrogen treatments consisted of 3 N levels (N0, 0 kg/ha; N80, 80 kg/ha; N160, 160 kg/ha). The irrigation interval, plant-pan coefficient and N fertiliser rate affected all parameters examined; however, the N fertiliser rate had the greatest impact. Nitrogen applications increased N concentrations in the leaf, tomato and vegetative biomass. Plant total N uptake and benefit rate from fertiliser was highest with the N160, I10 and Kcp0.75 and Kcp1.00 treatments. Results show that the N160, I10 and Kcp0.75 treatments can be used for increasing plant N uptake and the benefit rate from fertiliser.

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