scholarly journals STORAGE OF RETINOIDS AND BETA-CAROTENE IN THE GENITAL ORGANS OF JAPANESE QUAIL

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamária Kerti ◽  
L. Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Japanese Quails

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a one-month feeding of retinyl acetate (RA) on the retinol (ROL), retinyl palmitate (RP) and (-carotene (BC) levels in the blood, testicles and ovarian follicles of adult Japanese quails. The basal diet (containing vitamin A at 10 × 103IU/kg) was supplemented with 100 ×, 500 × and 1000 × 103IU/kg RA in Groups I, II and III in both sexes. Plasma vitamin A levels rose in all groups. The elevations were caused basically by the RP fraction. The ROL concentration increased only slightly, indicating saturation of the blood binding/transport system. Plasma BC was depressed in both sexes. RA feeding resulted in high RP concentration in the genital organs (testicles and ovarian follicles), indicating subclinical hypervitaminosis, while the BC content of genital organs decreased considerably. The retinoid and BC concentration of ovarian follicles (F1-F5) was in the same range, indicating continuous retinoid and carotene transport during the fast maturation period. Retinoid content of the genital organs was higher in layers than in roosters. BC deposition was decreased both in the testicles and in the follicles, indicating a competition between RP and BC for the storage capacity of organs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vitamin A in Multivitamin Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
A. S. Alekseeva ◽  
T. B. Shemeryankina ◽  
M. N. Lyakina ◽  
M. S. Smirnova ◽  
E. P. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Preliminary Purification

Vitamin A is present in multivitamin products mainly in the form of retinol esters: retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, and beta carotene—retinol precursor (dimer) found in plants, which is capable of converting into retinol in liver cells. Retinol is determined in medicinal products primarily by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with preliminary purification and vitamin isolation by liquid-liquid extraction. However, scientific literature also describes other methods of sample preparation and analysis of such compounds. An important issue is differentiation of vitamin A from other fat-soluble vitamins often included as components in multivitamin products. The aim of the study was to analyse and summarise data on current methods used for determination of vitamin A and its derivatives in medicinal products. The authors analysed the range of vitamin A products authorised in the Russian Federation, and the test methods described in their product specification files. The study demonstrated that the test method most often used for determination of retinol esters was HPLC with isocratic elution mode using octadecylsilyl packing in the reverse-phase mode, and, less frequently, aminopropylsilyl packing in the normal phase mode. Determination of beta carotene in medicinal products is most often performed using spectrophotometry. 

scholarly journals The biological activities of vitamin A acetate and vitamin A palmitate: experiments with chickens.

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
L. Bolhuis ◽  
K. Kortenoeven
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Liver Vitamin

In the first experiment, 250 unsexed day-old chickens were given for 7 days a diet low in vitamin A based on white maize and soya bean meal. Then 100 chickens were given a single dose of 11, 960 IU retinyl acetate or 11, 510 IU retinyl palmitate and 50 were not dosed. After 68 h lots of 10 pooled livers were analysed for vitamin A. The birds given acetate had more vitamin A in the liver and a higher proportion of the dose stored than the palmitate groups, but the differences were not significant. In experiment 2 the sexes were equally divided within groups and the birds were similarly dosed. After 72 h liver vitamin A was significantly higher in groups given the acetate. In experiment 3 male and female chickens were separated and groups of each were given either the acetate or the palmitate ester. Vitamin A was measured in the liver after 3 days and after 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. It was significantly more in acetate-treated groups at 3 days and at 4 weeks. Compared with males, females had significantly greater vitamin A stores at 6, 7 and 8 weeks in groups given acetate and at 7 weeks in groups given palmitate. The next experiment was similar, but the basal diet contained 7-5 IU retinyl acetate in dry stabilised form and measurements were continued to 9 and 11 weeks. There was no significant difference in vitamin A stores between sexes or esters, or between dosed and non-dosed groups. Stores of vitamin A rose rapidly during the entire period. In experiments 5 and 6 male broiler chickens were given for 8 weeks the basal diet with 7.5 IU retinyl acetate or palmitate per g. Lots of 3 different body-weight ranges were taken from each treatment and liver vitamin A was measured. No significant effects of treatment on stores or bodyweight were found in either trial. In one trial liver weights were significantly higher in the acetate groups and the combined results showed significantly greater vitamin A stores in groups given acetate.-G. F. H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Quantitative Aspects of the Urinary and Fecal Excretion of Radioactive Metabolites of Vitamin A in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Varma ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Urinary and fecal excretion of radioactive metabolites has been followed for 8 days (12 days in one group) in groups of rats having different initial body stores of vitamin A and given a single oral dose of 11,12-3H-retinyl acetate in oil. During the collections animals were fed a vitamin A deficient diet except for one group which was given laboratory chow throughout. At the end of the collection period animals were killed for determination of liver, kidney, and plasma vitamin A and radioactivity. Specific activities were similar in the three tissues; total liver vitamin A contents ranged from undetectable to 7700 μg. Excretion of fecal and urinary radioactivity was high initially but fell to apparently stable levels by day 8. When the combined urinary and fecal excretion was expressed in terms of the liver vitamin A equivalent (ELV), there was a gradual increase in excretion rate with the logarithm of liver vitamin A up to 150–300 μg/g liver; thereafter the rate of excretion increased more rapidly with liver stores to the highest level studied, 500–550 μg/g. In the initial phase the ELV values were 4–10 μg/day, rising to 22–24 μg/day in the second phase. These studies suggest that (a) a portion of newly absorbed vitamin A is metabolized before mixing with general body pools and probably without greatly altering the metabolism of endogenous vitamin A, (b) after equilibration of body pools, urinary excretion of radioactivity should be a useful index in experimental studies of factors affecting vitamin A metabolism, and (c) chemical determination of urinary metabolites of vitamin A is a potential index of vitamin A nutritional status.

Retention of a Single Oral Massive Dose of Vitamin A

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Pereira ◽  
Almas Begum
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Massive Dose

1. Six pre-school children with normal intestinal absorption were given 100000 μg of retinyl palmitate and 14·4 μCi of [11,12-3H]retinyl acetate. 2. The absorption, excretion and retention of the label were determined. 3. The children retained 23–54% of the label. 4. The inefficacy of the massive dose as a prophylaxis against deficiency is discussed.

The Use of Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Estimation of Retinol (Vitamin A Alcohol) and Its Derivatives

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1039-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton S Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Quantitative studies on the estimation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) and its derivatives retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate in dilute solution using the method of destruction by ultraviolet irradiation, showed that retinoic acid in organic solvents required a period of irradiation of from 2.5 to 8 times as long for destruction as did the other forms of the vitamin. This fact should be taken into consideration in any attempt to apply the method of Bessey et al. (1) for the analysis of retinoic acid in biologic material. Furthermore, standard solutions of retinoic acid in organic solvents are more stable after storage in the dark than are the other derivatives of the vitamin.

scholarly journals Interactions in indices of vitamin A, zinc and copper status when these nutrients are fed to rats at adequate and increased levels

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sundaresan ◽  
Susan M. Kaup ◽  
Paddy W. Wiesenfeld ◽  
Stuart J. Chirtel ◽  
Susan C. Hight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Serum Ceruloplasmin ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cu And Zn

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding nutritionally adequate and increased levels of vitamin A (retinyl acetate at 1·4, 34·4, and 206·4 mg/kg diet) in combination with adequate or increased Zn (12 and 240 mg/kg) and Cu (5 and 50mg/kg) on serum and tissue concentrations of retinol and retinyl palmitate and on indices of Cu and Zn status in female Sprague–Dawley rats, and to measure interactive effects of such nutrient imbalances. Rats fed on diets containing 34·4 and 206·4 mg vitamin A/kg had higher feed intakes and relative Liver weights than those fed on diets containing 1.4mg vitamin A/kg. An interaction between dietary Cu and Zn and an independent effect of vitamin A affected serum ceruloplasmin oxidase (EC 1.16.3.1) activity. Rats fed on high Zn, adequate-Cu diets (240 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively) had lower serum ceruloplasmin oxidase levels than rats fed on adequate-Zn, adequate-Cu diets (12 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). This effect was not observed in rats fed on high-Zn, high-Cu diets (240 and 50mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). Alterations in dietary levels of Cu and vitamin A independently affected haemoglobin levels. Serum cholesterol concentration was affected by interactions between Zn and vitamin A and Cu and vitamin A. Levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver and kidney were significantly higher in rats fed on diets with increased dietary vitamin A than in those fed on diets with adequate vitamin A. Three-way interactions among Cu, Zn, and vitamin A affected levels of retinol in serum and liver. Two-way interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected liver retinyl palmitate and the sum of liver retinol + retinyl palmitate. An independent effect of dietary Zn on these variables was also observed. Interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected levels of Cu in liver and kidney, while Fe and Zn in kidney were affected by interactions between Cu and Zn. This study demonstrates that differing interactions among variables of vitamin A metabolism and mineral status occur with higher dietary levels of vitamin A, Zn and Cu in the rat

Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Vitamins A and D in Multivitamin-Mineral Formulations

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Normand Beaulieu ◽  
Norman M Curran ◽  
Charles Gagné ◽  
Micheline Gravelle ◽  
Edward G Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Liquid chromatographic screening procedures have been developed for the estimation of vitamins A and D in multivitamin-mineral tablet, capsule, gelatin capsule, and syrup formulations. The procedure can be used for measuring vitamin A present as either retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate, and also for measuring the contribution to total vitamin A activity from 13-cis retinyl esters. The retinyl esters and their isomers are resolved from each other and their oxidation products. Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are not resolved from each other but they are resolved from other vitamin D isomers and from vitamins A, E, and K and their degradation products. Both assays use a 3 μm amino column, with a mobile phase of hexane for vitamin A and 1% isopropanol in hexane for vitamin D. The precision of replicate injections for vitamins A and D is better than 1% and the recovery from spiked syrups is better than 98%. The coefficient of variation for both assay methods is about 5%. Twenty formulations were analyzed for vitamin A and 24 were analyzed for vitamin D.

Vitamin A repletion in thoroughbred mares with retinyl palmitate or beta-carotene.

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Greiwe-Crandell ◽  
D S Kronfeld ◽  
L S Gay ◽  
D Sklan ◽  
W Tiegs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate
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