scholarly journals The biological activities of vitamin A acetate and vitamin A palmitate: experiments with chickens.

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
L. Bolhuis ◽  
K. Kortenoeven
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Liver Vitamin

In the first experiment, 250 unsexed day-old chickens were given for 7 days a diet low in vitamin A based on white maize and soya bean meal. Then 100 chickens were given a single dose of 11, 960 IU retinyl acetate or 11, 510 IU retinyl palmitate and 50 were not dosed. After 68 h lots of 10 pooled livers were analysed for vitamin A. The birds given acetate had more vitamin A in the liver and a higher proportion of the dose stored than the palmitate groups, but the differences were not significant. In experiment 2 the sexes were equally divided within groups and the birds were similarly dosed. After 72 h liver vitamin A was significantly higher in groups given the acetate. In experiment 3 male and female chickens were separated and groups of each were given either the acetate or the palmitate ester. Vitamin A was measured in the liver after 3 days and after 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. It was significantly more in acetate-treated groups at 3 days and at 4 weeks. Compared with males, females had significantly greater vitamin A stores at 6, 7 and 8 weeks in groups given acetate and at 7 weeks in groups given palmitate. The next experiment was similar, but the basal diet contained 7-5 IU retinyl acetate in dry stabilised form and measurements were continued to 9 and 11 weeks. There was no significant difference in vitamin A stores between sexes or esters, or between dosed and non-dosed groups. Stores of vitamin A rose rapidly during the entire period. In experiments 5 and 6 male broiler chickens were given for 8 weeks the basal diet with 7.5 IU retinyl acetate or palmitate per g. Lots of 3 different body-weight ranges were taken from each treatment and liver vitamin A was measured. No significant effects of treatment on stores or bodyweight were found in either trial. In one trial liver weights were significantly higher in the acetate groups and the combined results showed significantly greater vitamin A stores in groups given acetate.-G. F. H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Utilization of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Meal as a Substitute for Soybean Meal in Diet for Broiler Reared for 35 Days

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Sudarman ◽  
Anggun Marsiz Jayanti ◽  
Rita Mutia
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of jack bean meal as a substitution of soybean meal in the diets and the effect on broiler performance. A total number of two hundred Lohmann MB 202 Platinum broiler chickens were kept in five weeks rearing period, consisted of three weeks of starter phase (0-3 weeks) and two weeks of finisher phase (3-5 weeks). This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. The dietary treatments were: JB0-0 (control ration: basal diet without jack bean meal substitution in starter and in finisher phase), JB50-0 (basal diet with jack bean meal substitution in starter phase only), JB50-50 (basal diet with jack  bean meal substitution in starter and in finisher phase), JB0-50 (basal diet with jack  bean meal substitution in the finisher phase only). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and followed with Duncan's multiple-range test for the data with significant difference. The variables measured were: growth performance, carcase yield, visceral organ weight and immune organ. Results showed that the dietary treatment had no effect on performance, carcass yield and commercial cut, visceral organ or immune organs of 35 days old broiler chickens, except for the thymus (P<0.05). It can be concluded that as a source of protein, soybean meal can be replaced by jack bean meal up to 50%.  Jack bean meal can be given either in starter phase only, in finisher phase only, or in both starter and in finisher phase.

scholarly journals Growth performance, carcass characteristics and economics of production of broiler chickens fed graded levels of seed meal mixed with enzyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
U. E Ewa ◽  
A. H Akinmutimi ◽  
G. S. Ojewola ◽  
D. N Onunkwo ◽  
O. O. Adedokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

  One hundred and twenty (120), 1 week old broiler chicken were randomly assigned to 4 treatment diets in a completely randomized experiment that lasted 49 days. The diets were made with soya bean based diet (D1) as control and treatment diets D2, D3, D4 containing graded levels (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%) of boiled Mucuna sloanei seed meal mix with  enzyme(BME).Birdsfed diet 2 (7.5% BME) had higher final body weight 2216.70g. The test diets gave lower total feed intake value that was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control. D2 gave the lowestfeed-to-gain ratio (1.72) that was significantly (P<0.05) different fromthoseof the control(2.09), D3 (2.08)and D4 (2.27). There was no significant difference (P>0.05)among birds fed the treatmentdietsand thosefed the control diet for dressed weight percentage and back cut percentage. D2had cost/Kg weight gain and gross margin (N190.44 and N686.97 respectively) that were numerically higher than those of the control (N272.75 and N660.68) but statistically higher than those of, D3(N241.45 and N505.29) and D4 (N274.45 andN387.71). Mucuna seed meal mixed with enzyme in this experiment was 7.5% which performed better than the control in all the parameters considered and is therefore recommended for replacement of soya bean meal in the diet of broiler chickens. Inclusion of Mucuna sloanei seed meal from 10% and above will not yield good carcass that would be comparable to the control (soya bean based diet) Mucunasloanei The optimal level ofinclusion of qualitativereplacementof the soya bean meal with boiled  

scholarly journals Performance, carcass characteristics and economics of production of broilers fed diets containing Gliricidia sepium leaf meal as replacement for soya bean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
M. A. Ayoola ◽  
K. B. Balogun ◽  
M. H. Ogunsipe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
The Cost

This study was conducted to assess the growth performance, carcass traits and economics of production of broiler fed soya bean replaced with gliricidia sepium leaf meal diet. One hundred, 4 weeks old broiler chickens were randomly distributed to five treatments of two replicates with t10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed trial diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels of soya bean replaced with G. sepium leaf meal for five weeks. Parameters measured included weight gain, weight of feed consumed, feed gain ratio, price per kg of feed, price per kg of broiler and weights of carcass parts among others. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. Results showed that weight gain were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. Feeding trial exerted effects on feed intake however, feed gain ratio and feed efficiency were not significantly different (P>0.05). No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in thigh, wing and breast muscle weights of the birds fed G. sepium meal substituted diet however, liver weight was significantly affected by the diet. Price/kg of feed reduced with increased G. sepium in the diets but the cost per/kg animal produced was not significantly affected (P>0.05). It could therefore be suggested that soya bean meal could be replaced with G. sepium leaf meal up to 40% level without adverse effect on performance and weights of major primal parts of the bird. This will also reduce the cost of feed and competition for soya beans between man and livestock industry.

scholarly journals STORAGE OF RETINOIDS AND BETA-CAROTENE IN THE GENITAL ORGANS OF JAPANESE QUAIL

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamária Kerti ◽  
L. Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Japanese Quails

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a one-month feeding of retinyl acetate (RA) on the retinol (ROL), retinyl palmitate (RP) and (-carotene (BC) levels in the blood, testicles and ovarian follicles of adult Japanese quails. The basal diet (containing vitamin A at 10 × 103IU/kg) was supplemented with 100 ×, 500 × and 1000 × 103IU/kg RA in Groups I, II and III in both sexes. Plasma vitamin A levels rose in all groups. The elevations were caused basically by the RP fraction. The ROL concentration increased only slightly, indicating saturation of the blood binding/transport system. Plasma BC was depressed in both sexes. RA feeding resulted in high RP concentration in the genital organs (testicles and ovarian follicles), indicating subclinical hypervitaminosis, while the BC content of genital organs decreased considerably. The retinoid and BC concentration of ovarian follicles (F1-F5) was in the same range, indicating continuous retinoid and carotene transport during the fast maturation period. Retinoid content of the genital organs was higher in layers than in roosters. BC deposition was decreased both in the testicles and in the follicles, indicating a competition between RP and BC for the storage capacity of organs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Replacing Dried Meal Worm with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Naderi Boroojerdi ◽  
Mostafa Rajabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old male (Ross308) chicken to the effect of substitution of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) with soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics broiler chicks. Chicks fed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicate cages (12 birds per cage). Five dietary treatments used: 1- Control treatment: Basal diet based on corn-soybean meal without adding dried mealworm, 2- Replacement of 5% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 3- Replacement of 10% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 4- Replacement of 15% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet and 5- Replacement of 20% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that 3rd and 4th treatments with a substitution of 10 and 15 percent showed a higher mean weight gain and a daily gain, but their feed intake was lower comparing other treatments, and finally, the feed conversion ratio showed a significant decrease with respect to control treatment using these replacement levels. At 21 and 42 days of age, carcass yield and relative weight of the breasts showed significant increases in treatments 3 and 4, and other characteristics of chicken carcasses were not affected by the test treatments. The experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with 10% and 15% worm powder significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens, but no significant difference was found between the two levels.

The effect of body weight at calving on milk production and reproductive performance of Friesian × Zebu heifers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Deresz ◽  
C. M. Jaume ◽  
M. R. de Carvalho ◽  
C. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTTwenty-six pregnant Holstein-Friesian × zebu heifers, arranged in pairs according to age, body weight, expected calving date and amount of zebu breeding, were allocated at random to two nutritional regimens during the last 12 weeks before calving. If was planned that the animals in treatment A should calve at a pre-calving live weight of 480 kg and those in treatment B should calve at 380 kg. The diet consisted of maize silage or elephant grass silage, soya-bean meal and minerals. During the first 21 days of the post-partum period both groups were given 6 kg concentrate per head daily. After this period, the feeding level was adjusted every 14 days according to the current milk yield. The mean total milk yields were 2132 kg and 1283 kg (P < 0·05) and the lengths of lactation were 239 days and 156 days (P < 0·01) for cows in treatments A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments in the intervals from calving to first heat or calving to conception.

The effect of the plane of nutrition on the optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wang ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

ABSTRACTSix diets based on maize and soya-bean meal were prepared. The basal diet had a crude protein (CP) concentration of 171 g/kg. The same ingredients, together with maize starch, were used to give a diet with CP 131 g/kg. This diet was supplemented with all (positive control) or with three of the four amino acids lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine. Each diet was given at two rates of intake. From the results, the optimum ratio between these four amino acids at different planes of intake was calculated. Amino acid digestibility in the basal diet was measured at three intakes, using pigs fitted with T cannulas at the terminal ileum.The results showed that the optimum ratios between the four amino acids (expressed in terms of digestible amino acids) were not affected by the rate of food intake. The optimum ratio between the four amino acids (i.e. when they are equally limiting) was lysine 1·00, methionine + cystine 0-61, threonine 0·64 and tryptophan 0·20. Digestibility was not affected by the level of intake.

Dietary amino acid balance and requirements for pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
H. D. Keal ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTNitrogen balance was measured in a series of experiments to determine the optimum balance between lysine, threonine and methionine plus cystine by successive additions of the free amino acids to a basal diet of barley, soya bean meal and tallow. The basal diet had a calculated digestible energy (DE) value of 14·5 MJ/kg and a crude protein content of 146 g/kg. The ranges of total lysine; threonine and methionine plus cystine tested were (g/kg) 6·6 to 11·8, 4·9 to 6·9 and 4·3 to 71, respectively. Latin-square designs were used involving a total of 33 pigs. Nitrogen utilization was optimized in pigs of 3 to 9 weeks of age when each kg of diet contained 10·5 g lysine, 6·4 g threonine and 5·0 g methionine plus cystine, corresponding to a ratio of 100: 61: 48. Thereafter, five diets were formulated in which the same ratio was maintained, but at different protein levels (129 to 192 g/kg). Again the diets were based on barley, soya bean meal and tallow supplemented with free amino acids. These diets were compared, in both nitrogen balance and performance experiments, with a conventional early-weaning diet with a protein content of 240 g/kg. All six diets had the same calculated DE value (14·5 MJ/kg). The N balance experiment was of Latin-square design and involved 18 pigs, and the performance experiment used 36 pigs fed individually from 3 to 9 weeks of age. A diet containing 0·99 g lysine per MJ DE (14·4 g lysine and 192 g balanced protein per kg) was considered to be adequate on the basis of the growth rate and food conversion efficiency results obtained.

A note on the effect of amino acid or urea supplements to barley diets for the finishing pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Hintz ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
W. J. Visek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYIn trials 1 and 2, supplements of urea and cottonseed meal increased the protein content of the basal diets from 12·2 to 14·0–14·6%, but had no significant effects on growth rate or carcass characteristics. In trial 3 the effect of cottonseed meal on growth rate was almost significant but urea had less effect. In trial 4, the basal diet contained 11·0% protein; soya bean meal increased this to 13·1% and had an almost significant effect on growth rate. Lysine and lysine + urea had no effect.

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