Das Kirchweihoffizium in den mittelalterlichen Graner liturgischen Handschriften

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Czagány
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Central European ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Coherent Sequence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

The office for the feast of the Dedicatio Ecclesiæ was used and transmitted mainly in the same form in the great majority of medieval liturgical codices. Within this general uniformity, however, the arrangement of the antiphons for the first Vespers varies from tradition to tradition. The present article examines the repertory of the Dedicatio in medieval Hungarian manuscripts, comparing it to the offices found both in other Middle European and in West Frankish sources. This comparative analysis made clear, that although the vesper antiphons in question were already included in the Codex Albensis (the earliest extant office manuscript from 12th-century Hungary) and can be found in almost all manuscripts from the medieval Hungarian archdiocese of Esztergom (Strigonium), they were rarely used in other Central European areas. These items may originate from the Rhineland, from within the region of Liège (Lüttich), what is confirmed by their occurrence in a 14th-century antiphoner from Aachen and in the Breviarium Præmonstratense. Furthermore, the five antiphons were probably not composed as a coherent sequence of chants. Although occasionally we come accross the individual pieces in sources of different time and place, their organization into cycles may be the result of later and secondary local initiations. The cycle might have been transferred to Hungary during the 11th century where it remained unchanged until the end of the Middle Ages.

The Cult of St Edmund, King and Martyr in Medieval Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Young
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Medieval Ireland ◽  
The Middle Ages

St Edmund, king and martyr (an Anglo-Saxon king martyred by the Vikings in 869) was one of the most venerated English saints in Ireland from the 12th century. In Dublin, St Edmund had his own chapel in Christ Church Cathedral and a guild, while Athassel Priory in County Tipperary claimed to possess a miraculous image of the saint. In the late 14th century the coat of arms ascribed to St Edmund became the emblem of the king of England’s lordship of Ireland, and the name Edmund (or its Irish equivalent Éamon) was widespread in the country by the end of the Middle Ages. This article argues that the cult of St Edmund, the traditional patron saint of the English people, served to reassure the English of Ireland of their Englishness, and challenges the idea that St Edmund was introduced to Ireland as a heavenly patron of the Anglo-Norman conquest.

CHANGING PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION AMONG NURSING STAFF IN THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Elizaveta O. Nechaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
World Community ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Almost All

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, which swept the entire world community in 2020, has made strong adjustments in almost all spheres of life, but first of all, in health care. The great majority of the medical staff at the onset of the pandemic had no clinical experience with the COVID-19 patients. In addition to the lack of practical skills in treatment for the period of the onset of mass infections, doctors faced great physical and emotional stress. The article provides a comparative analysis of the questionnaires results from among nursing staff in SRC Burnasyan FMBC in 2018 and 2020. The research results show that in the process of treatment and rehabilitation of pa- tients with COVID-19 in the professional motivation of doctors some changes took place towards personal motivation associated with serving and helping people.

scholarly journals Frau Ava’s, the first named German female writer’s, poem Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ and its Lithuanian translation

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-26
Author(s):  
Aleksej Burov ◽  
Ignė Vrubliauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Present Article ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
World War ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
John The Baptist ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Manuscript Dating

The present article offers an overview of several poems written by Frau Ava (1060–1127), a German poetess whose literary works are virtually unknown in Lithuania. Ava, an anchoress in Melk Abbey, is the first named German female writer, who broke ‘the deep silence of German literature’ lasting over a century (Stein 1976, 5). All poems attributed to Frau Ava are of religious character: Johannes ‘John the Baptist’ (446 lines), Leben Jesu ‘Life of Jesus’ (2418 lines), Antichrist (118 lines) and Jüngstes Gericht ‘The Last Judgement’ (406 lines), which make up an impressive biblical epic of 3388 lines. Leben Jesu, Antichrist and Jüngstes Gericht are found in the Vorau Manuscript dating the first half of the 12th century (Codex 276, 115va-125ra), whereas the Görlitz Manuscript (Codex A III. 1. 10), compiled in the 14th century but lost during World War II, contains the poem Johannes as well as the other poems mentioned above, excluding the epilogue of Jüngstes Gericht (lines 393-406).The article presents an overview of Frau Ava’s life and works as well as a Lithuanian translation of her poem Jüngstes Gericht, written in Early Middle High German (Ger. Frümittelhochdeutsch). The translation is based on Maike Glaußnitzer and Kassnadra Sperl’s text, published in 2014.

Physiological Properties of the Lamina I Spinoparabrachial Neurons in the Rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 2239-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Bester ◽  
Victoria Chapman ◽  
Jean-Marie Besson ◽  
Jean-François Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Noxious Heat ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Lamina I ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Control Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Noxious Stimuli ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Single-unit extracellular recordings of spino-parabrachial (spino-PB) neurons ( n = 53) antidromically driven from the contralateral parabrachial (PB) area were performed in the lumbar cord in anesthetized rats. All the spino-PB neurons were located in the lamina I of the dorsal horn. Their axons exhibited conduction velocities between 2.8 and 27.8 m/s, in the thin myelinated fibers range. They had an extremely low spontaneous activity (median = 0.064 Hz) and a small excitatory receptive field (≤2 toes or pads). They were all activated by both peripheral A (mainly Aδ) and C fibers after intense transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Their discharge always increased in response to noxious natural stimuli of increasing intensities. The great majority (75%) of spino-PB neurons were nociceptive specific, i.e., they were excited only by noxious stimuli. The remaining (25%) still were excited primarily by noxious stimuli but also responded moderately to innocuous stimuli. Almost all spino-PB neurons (92%, 49/53) were activated by both mechanical and heat noxious stimuli. Among them, 35% were in addition moderately activated by noxious cold (thresholds between +20 and −10°C). Only (8%, 4/53) responded exclusively to noxious heat. Spino-PB neurons clearly encoded the intensity of mechanical ( n = 39) and thermal ( n = 38) stimuli in the noxious range, and most of the individual stimulus-response functions were monotonic and positive up to 40/60 N · cm−2 and 50°C, respectively. For the mechanical modality, the mean threshold was 11.5 ± 1.25 N · cm−2 (mean ± SE), the response increased almost linearly with the logarithm of the pressure between 10 and 60 N · cm−2, the mean p 50(pressure evoking 50% of the maximum response) and the maximum responsiveness were: 30 ± 2.4 N · cm−2 and 40.5 ± 5 Hz, respectively. For the thermal modality, the mean threshold was 43.6 ± 0.5°C, the mean curve had a general sigmoid aspect, the steepest portion being in the 46–48°C interval, the mean t 50 and the maximum responsiveness were: 47.4 ± 0.3°C and 40 ± 4.4 Hz, respectively. Most of the spino-PB neurons tested (13/16) had their noxiously evoked responses clearly inhibited by heterotopic noxious stimuli. The mean response to noxious stimuli during heterotopic stimuli was 31.7 ± 6.1% of the control response. We conclude that the nociceptive properties of the lamina I spino-PB neurons are reflected largely by those of PB neurons that were suggested to be involved in autonomic and emotional/aversive aspects of pain.

scholarly journals The role of violence in the romances of Chrétien de Troyes

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Miha Pintarič
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Chretien De Troyes ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Chrétien De Troyes ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Individual

Chretien de Troyes, the most famous of the French 12th-century authors of chivalric romaces, comes to a very personal view of violence towards the end of his writing career, in his Perceval or the grail story. While in his previous works, the first of which was Erec and Enid, the object of the present article, he abided by the commonly accepted norms concerning the description of »violence«: there's no »abstract violence«, and it should never befall and idea or a tradition while the violence against the individual is a common occurrence considered "creative" and legitimate, if not indispensable, for the making of social hierarchy and order, violence ceases to be a topic of interest in his last, unfinished text.

scholarly journals Les males paraules: insults masculins a la València baixmedieval

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Guillermo López Juan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

   Resum: L’insult, en l’Edat Mitjana, és més que un mitjà per a ofendre un individu. L’omnipresent cultura de l’honor, que impregna la societat i determina el comportament d’homes i dones, el converteix en oprobi, en l’avergonyiment públic de la persona injuriada. Les respostes a aquest tipus de situacions eren diverses, en funció del gènere i la posició social de l’individu i, també, del seu criteri personal, però el ventall d’opcions era ampli: replicar amb altre insult; la violència; apel·lar als testimonis de la injúria; i, finalment, recórrer als tribunals de justícia. A la València al tombant del Tres-Cents, sembla que aquest últim recurs era força freqüent, especialment entre les classes populars; i, per aquesta raó, conservem nombrosos clams i demandes que ens han permès observar com es produïa i desenvolupava la violència verbal a la ciutat. En el present article, analitzarem l’insult masculí a finals del llarg segle XIV, parant esment en els termes fets servir més freqüentment; els espais als quals es produïen la major part dels episodis; i, finalment, en la centralitat de la violència física com a resultat, resposta o acompanyant de l’ofensa verbal.  Paraules clau: insults, honor, injúria, violència  Abstract: Insults were, during the Middle Ages, more than a way to offend an individual. The ubiquituous culture of honour, which impregnated society and determined men’s and women’s behaviour, turned them into vituperation, into the public shaming of the insulted person. The responses to these situations were diverse, and depended on the gender, social standing and, ultimately, personal criteria of the slandered individual, but the range of options was broad: retorting with another insult; responding with violence; appealing to the witnesses of the insult; and, finally, denouncing the insulter at the courts of justice. In Valencia, by the end of the 14th century, it seemed that this last resort was particularly frequent, especially among the populace; for this reason, there have been preserved numerous court claims and prosecution records that allow us to observe how verbal violence occurred in the city. In this article, we will analyze insults against men at the end of the 14th century, focusing specially on the slanders more commonly used; the spaces in which verbal disputes took place; and, finally, on the centrality of physical violence as a result, response or companion to verbal offense.  Keywords: insults, honour, slander, violence 

scholarly journals BOUNDED RATIONALITY IN DECISION MAKING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DECISION-MAKING BIASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-665
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Jordão ◽  
Renato Costa ◽  
Álvaro Lopes Dias ◽  
Leandro Pereira ◽  
José Pedro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cognitive Competence ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Anchoring Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Decision-making is a multidisciplinary and ubiquitous phenomenon in organizations, and it can be observed at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Decision making plays, however, an increasingly important role for the manager, whose cognitive competence is reflected in his ability to identify potential opportunities, to immediately detect and solve the problems he faces, and to predict and prevent future threats. Nevertheless, to what extent do managers of the most diverse sectors and industries continue to rely on false knowledge when they have better strategies at their disposal? The present article proposes, through the application of bibliographically based instruments, the diagnosis of three prominent biases – overconfidence, optimism, and anchoring effect – in managers of the Portuguese port sector, as well as also seeking to establish a comparative analysis with the conclusions already documented in relation to the Brazilian civil construction sector. In addition, and in view of the results obtained, this paper also provides a set of measures capable of contributing to the mitigation of the effects of these and other biases, and, in this way, to the improvement of the decisions of said managers.

scholarly journals Philosophia et medicina duæ sorores sunt. Divulgación del escepticismo en fuentes médicas del Medioevo / Philosophia et medicina duæ sorores sunt. Divulgation of Scepticism in the Medical Sources of the Middle Ages

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Martín GONZÁLEZ FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Previous Time ◽  
Tommaso Campanella ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Classical Age

At the beginning of the 17th century, a confluence between the sceptical tendency and the Latin Averroism is advised in the libertine movement of the classical age, so like Tommaso Campanella proclames. We try to explain in the present article why this was not possible in a previous time. Like the role played by the «Latin Galen» (we drop to analyze the translations of Niccolò da Reggio di Calabria during the first half of the 14th century), with its censure to the pyrrhonisme and the supposed, for him, contamination of the Hellenistic medical schools (empirical and methodical), in this process of delay.

scholarly journals The soul in the mediaeval Psalter

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 84-101
Author(s):  
Kinga Lis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Middle French ◽  
English Prose ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anglo Norman

The soul in the mediaeval PsalterThe paper is an attempt to examine what lies at the heart and soul of the mediaeval Psalter in the contemporaneous approach(es) to its vernacularisations. In particular, the paper investigates the applications of the mediaeval translation theory in relation to a 12th-century Anglo-Norman, a 15th-century Middle French and four 14th-century Middle English prose Psalter renditions, with a view to locate them within the spirit of the attitude to biblical translations current in the Middle Ages and against the backdrop of the position of the Psalter in the period. In practical terms, the analysis is conducted on the basis of the equivalent selection strategies for rendering four Latin nouns central to the Psalter: anima, animae ‘soul,’ cor, cordis ‘heart’ and, perhaps surprisingly, ren, renis ‘kidney’ and lumbus, lumbi ‘loins’. All cases of variation in this respect are studied closely from intra- as well as extra-textual perspectives in order to establish the possible reasons behind the divergences, as these constitute exceptions rather than the rule, even in apparently heterodox renditions. Dusza w średniowiecznym PsałterzuArtykuł stanowi próbę bliższego przyjrzenia się podstawowym zasadom średniowiecznego podejścia do tłumaczenia psałterza na języki wernakularne. Przedstawiono w nim analizę zastosowania mediewalnej teorii tłumaczeń w odniesieniu do dwunastowiecznego Psałterza anglo-normandzkiego, piętnastowiecznego Psałterza średniofrancuskiego i czterech czternastowiecznych tłumaczeń Księgi Psalmów na średnioangielski. Celem było wykazanie, w jakim stopniu analizowane teksty odzwierciedlają ówczesne podejście do tłumaczeń biblijnych w kontekście znaczenia psałterza w średniowieczu. Badanie przeprowadzone jest na podstawie doboru ekwiwalentów w tłumaczeniu czterech – niezwykle istotnych z powodu rangi tych tekstów w średniowieczu – łacińskich rzeczowników: anima, animae‚ ‘dusza’, cor, cordis‚ ‘serce’ oraz, co może zaskoczyć, ren, renis‚ ‘nerka’ i lumbus, lumbi, ‘lędźwie’. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono ustaleniu źródła analizowanej z perspektywy zarówno intra-, jak i ekstratekstualnej wariancji w doborze odpowiedników, jako że rozbieżność w tym względzie stanowi raczej wyjątek, a nie regułę, nawet w tłumaczeniach – wydawałoby się – heterodoksyjnych.

scholarly journals THE RUTHENIAN COURTS OF THE RURIK DYNASTY PRINCESSES IN THE LANDS OF THE PIAST DYNASTY IN THE 11TH CENTURY: THE ATTEMPT OF THE SEARCHING AND RECONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
MYROSLAV VOLOSHCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Critical View ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Subject

The gradual Christianization of the major dynasties of so-called ‘Younger Europe’ resulted, among other things, in the activization of their matrimonial policy. Throughout Middle Ages, the most active in this regard were the Rurik and the Piast dynasties. The tradition of bilateral marriage relations among the ruling houses of Europe was established in the early 11th century and uninterruptedly continued into the mid-14th century. In the 11th century, there were registered 7 princely marriages; four of them, in Poland – three Ruthenian brides were given in marriage to the representatives of the Piast dynasty; besides, there was one case of concubinage. Two of the marriages were fertile: altogether, six children were born (five boys and a girl). One marriage proved to be infertile. On her way to her husband’s land, each Ruthenian bride was accompanied by an escort consisting chiefly of women; but there had to be some men too, a personal confessor and spiritual advisor in particular. Supposedly, their main function was to prepare the princesses for marriage; later, those persons composed their ladies’ own courts, varying in quantity and duration, within the greater courts of their husbands. In this article, I focus on the quest for probable Ruthenians within the inner circles of the Rurik dynasty princesses married into the Piast dynasty in the 11th century. The main challenges of the quest are the insufficiency of the 11th – the early 12th-century historical sources and the inaccuracy of the late medieval materials on the subject, whose evidence requires critical view and verification. Thus it appears to be almost impossible to establish the names of all those persons who accompanied the Ruthenian princesses to the Piasts’ lands, though their presence can be inferred from historical narratives.

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