scholarly journals The Effect of Single Bout of Acute Exercise on Working Memory Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Deo ◽  
Kopila Agrawal ◽  
Prem Bhattrai ◽  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Back Task

Introduction: Working memory is a kind of short term memory important for reasoning and guiding decision-making and behavioral process.Objective: The goal of the present research was to study the outcome of single bout of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory.Methodology: Twenty two male subjects were asked to perform working memory task by 2n back task in baseline resting, immediately after exercise and after five minute of exercise session. 3 minute step test procedure was used as a moderate intensity exercise intervention.Results: The percentage correctness of 2n back task of working memory was found to be 64.36% for baseline resting condition, 78.01 % for immediately after 3-minute step test and 80.70% for 5 minute after the exercise. In both exercise session (i.e. immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise), significant improvement (p value <0.05) in working memory was seen as compared to the baseline resting session while no such significant beneficial improvement was seen when compared between immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise.Conclusion: Improvement in working memory after moderate exercise intervention was seen, which is important for learning and memory and decision-making.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6:484-487.

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine and Acute Aerobic Exercise on Working Memory and Caffeine Withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Morava ◽  
Matthew James Fagan ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

AbstractStudies show that a single bout of exercise confers cognitive benefits. However, many individuals use psychoactive substances such as caffeine to enhance cognitive performance. The effects of acute exercise in comparison to caffeine on cognition remain unknown. Furthermore, caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. Whether acute exercise can reduce withdrawal symptoms also remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise to caffeine on working memory (WM) and caffeine withdrawal symptoms (CWS). In Phase I, non-caffeine (n = 29) and caffeine consumers (n = 30) completed a WM assessment, followed by acute exercise and caffeine. In Phase II, caffeine consumers (n = 25) from Phase I underwent the WM assessment and reported CWS following a 12-hour deprivation period. Acute moderate intensity aerobic exercise and caffeine (1.2 mg/kg) significantly improved WM accuracy and reduced CWS comparably. WM performance was not reduced following caffeine deprivation.

scholarly journals EXERCISE ACUTELY IMPROVES COGNITION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF AROUSAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S836-S836
Author(s):  
Pearl N Cummins ◽  
James Kent ◽  
Timothy Weng ◽  
Vincent Magnottta ◽  
Gary Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Previous researchers have reported that aerobic exercise improves cognition in older adults; however, few researchers have examined the role of arousal on improvements in cognition after exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand how changes in arousal acutely affect changes in cognitive performance after a single session of light compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Cognitively normal older adults (N = 34) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial where they were asked to complete the N-back task with faces, a cognitive task used to test working memory, in an fMRI scanner. On separate days, the task was completed before and 15 to 20 minutes after light and moderate intensity exercise. An intervention was also completed, but our question focuses on the acute effects of exercise rather than training. Arousal was measured before and after exercise through a questionnaire and a direct measure of physiological activation of the sympathetic nervous system with galvanic skin response (GSR). On average, resting GSRs decreased from pre- to post-exercise scan; however, the change was not statistically significant. The decrease in arousal after light exercise indicated that older adults had decreased sympathetic activity after both light and moderate intensity exercise. By contrast, N-back task performance improved most after moderate compared to light intensity exercise. Together, evidence that sympathetic activity tended to decrease generally for both intensities, whereas cognitive improvements were more specific, suggests that changes in arousal at rest were not a critical factor connecting exercise and improved working memory in this study.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Effects of Moderate Acute Exercise on Working Memory Performance in Healthy Older Adults: An fNIRS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Stute ◽  
Nicole Hudl ◽  
Robert Stojan ◽  
Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of acute exercise on executive functions. Less is known, however, about the effects of exercise on working memory as one subcomponent of executive functions and about its effects on older adults. We investigated the effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory performance, the respective cortical hemodynamic activation patterns, and the development and persistence of such effects in healthy older adults. Forty-four participants (M: 69.18 years ± 3.92; 21 females) performed a letter 2-back task before and at three time points after (post 15 min, post 30 min, and post 45 min) either listening to an audiobook or exercising (15 min; 50% VO2-peak). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess cortical hemodynamic activation and brain-behavior correlations in the fronto-parietal working memory network. Overall, we found no group differences for working memory performance. However, only within the experimental group, 2-back performance was enhanced 15 min and 45 min post-exercise. Furthermore, 15 min post-exercise frontal activation predicted working memory performance, regardless of group. In sum, our results indicate slight beneficial effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory performance in healthy older adults. Findings are discussed in light of the cognitive aging process and moderators affecting the exercise-cognition relationship.

scholarly journals Examination of the Consistency in Affective Response to Acute Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Unick ◽  
Kelley Strohacker ◽  
George D. Papandonatos ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Kevin C. O’Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Feeling Scale ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
The Mean

This study examined whether inactive, overweight/obese women experience consistent affective responses to moderate-intensity exercise. Twenty-eight women participated in 3 identical (same treadmill grade and speed within a subject) 30-min exercise sessions. The Feeling Scale (FS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Subjective Exercise Experience Scale were administered pre- and postexercise and FS was also administered every 5 min during exercise. All measures exhibited less than optimal agreement in pre-to-postexercise change within an individual across the 3 sessions (ICCs = 0.02–0.60), even after controlling for within-subject variations in heart rate. Only FS exhibited “good” consistency when controlling for preexercise values (ICC = 0.72). However, the mean FS score during exercise was highly consistent within an individual (ICC = 0.83). Thus, an individual’s affective response to an exercise session does not provide reliable information about how they will respond to subsequent exercise sessions. Taking the average of FS measurements during exercise may yield more consistent findings.

scholarly journals The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Tabone ◽  
Carlo Bressa ◽  
Jose Angel García-Merino ◽  
Diego Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Emeline Chu Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractPhysical exercise can produce changes in the microbiota, conferring health benefits through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We sought to determine the changes driven by exercise on the gut microbiota and on the serum and fecal metabolome using 16S rRNA gene analysis and untargeted metabolomics. A total of 85 serum and 12 fecal metabolites and six bacterial taxa (Romboutsia, Escherichia coli TOP498, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Clostridium phoceensis) were modified following a controlled acute exercise session. Among the bacterial taxa, Ruminiclostridium 9 was the most influenced by fecal and serum metabolites, as revealed by linear multivariate regression analysis. Exercise significantly increased the fecal ammonia content. Functional analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the arginine and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways were the most relevant modified pathways in serum, whereas the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was the most relevant pathway modified in feces. Correlation analysis between fecal and serum metabolites suggested an exchange of metabolites between both compartments. Thus, the performance of a single exercise bout in cross-country non-professional athletes produces significant changes in the microbiota and in the serum and fecal metabolome, which may have health implications.

The impact of intradialytic exercise on immune cells expressing CCR5+ in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-over trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110013
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Fuhro ◽  
Francini P Andrade ◽  
Gilson P Dorneles ◽  
Fabio S Lira ◽  
Pedro RT Romão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Intradialytic Exercise ◽  
The Impact

The C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exercise has anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to the rehabilitation of CKD patients. To date, the impact of the intradialytic exercise on CCR5 expression in monocytes and lymphocytes of CKD patients is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an acute intradialytic moderate-intensity exercise on CD4+CCR5+ T-cells and CD14+CCR5+ monocytes of elderly individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Eight CKD elderly patients performed a single bout of 20 min intradialytic exercise and a control hemodialysis (HD) session. Blood samples were collected at baseline, during and immediately after the trials. HD therapy increased the peripheral frequency of CD4+CCR5+ T-cells. The systemic CCL5 levels and the peripheral CD14+CCR5+ proportions increased during and after HD therapy. No significant alterations in CD4+CCR5+ and CD14+CCR5+ proportions or CCL5 levels were identified in CKD patients during and after intradialytic exercise. A negative correlation between the peripheral frequency of CD14+CCR5+ and the creatinine levels was identified in the intradialytic exercise session. A single moderate-intensity intradialytic exercise imposes an immunomodulatory impact in CKD elderly patients, preventing an excessive inflammatory response induced by hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Updates Through the Lens of Sports Cardiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Lander ◽  
Dermot M. Phelan ◽  
Matthew W. Martinez ◽  
Elizabeth H. Dineen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Sports Cardiology

Abstract Purpose of review This review will summarize the distinction between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and exercise-induced cardiac remodeling (EICR), describe treatments of particular relevance to athletes with HCM, and highlight the evolution of recommendations for exercise and competitive sport participation relevant to individuals with HCM. Recent findings Whereas prior guidelines have excluded individuals with HCM from more than mild-intensity exercise, recent data show that moderate-intensity exercise improves functional capacity and indices of cardiac function and continuation of competitive sports may not be associated with worse outcomes. Moreover, recent studies of athletes with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) demonstrated a safer profile than previously understood. In this context, the updated American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HCM guidelines have increased focus on shared decision-making and liberalized restrictions on exercise and sport participation among individuals with HCM. Summary New data demonstrating the safety of exercise in individuals with HCM and in athletes with ICDs, in addition to a focus on shared decision-making, have led to the most updated guidelines easing restrictions on exercise and competitive athletics in this population. Further athlete-specific studies of HCM, especially in the context of emerging therapies such as mavacamten, are important to inform accurate risk stratification and eligibility recommendations.

Comparing the Short and Long-Term Effects of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Mnemonic Similarity and Emotional Memory Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Cesar Acevedo-Triana ◽  
Diana Cordoba-Patiño ◽  
Juan Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Julian Cifuentes ◽  
Victor Melgarejo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Condition

Mounting research has linked acute moderate-intensity exercise with changes indiscrimination of similar events – i.e., mnemonic memory. Conversely, few studies have compared performance in tasks associated to each type of memory(mnemonic similarity and emotional) and less have evaluatedperformance several days after exercise sessions. Thirty-five undergraduate students were randomly distributed in three groups that differed in the assigned duration of the moderate-intensity exercise session.Weestablished first the moderate-intensityexercise program by calculating the VO2max 50%. Two-to-five days later, participantsengaged in the exercise condition to which they were assigned, followed by a five-minute rest period. Immediately after, all participantswere exposed to the training phase of both memory tasks. The first retrieval phase was tested 45 minutes afterencoding phase was completed. Subsequent retrieval phases were conducted 24, 48, and 168 hours post-training. Exercise of long duration in creased discrimination performance in images of low similarity. Comparison of the effects of exercise on discrimination of the three types of images that the emotional-memory task entailsshowed improved performance only for aversive and neutral images. Exercise improves discrimination of low similarity images, with better overall performance after a longer exercise session. This finding adds to previous reports that have found analogous effects using other memory tasks.It also supports the notion that acute effects due to exercise are specifically related to hippocampal functionality and its ability to separate patterns. Finally, maintenance of emotional information across time suggest a different mechanism,independent of pattern-separation processing.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the Essential Fatty Acid Oxidation Cofactor Carnitine Is Stimulated in Heart and Liver after a Single Bout of Exercise in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom L. Broderick ◽  
Frank A. Cusimano ◽  
Chelsea Carlson ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Carnitine Uptake

We determined whether one single bout of exercise stimulates carnitine biosynthesis and carnitine uptake in liver and heart. Free carnitine (FC) in plasma was assayed using acetyltransferase and [14C]acetyl-CoA in Swiss Webster mice after 1 hour of moderate-intensity treadmill running or 4 hours and 8 hours into recovery. Liver and heart were removed under the same conditions for measurement of carnitine biosynthesis enzymes (liver butyrobetaine hydroxylase, γ-BBH; heart trimethyllysine dioxygenase, TMLD), organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2, carnitine transporter), and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα, transcription factor for γ-BBH and OCTN2 synthesis). In exercised mice, FC levels in plasma decreased while heart and liver OCTN2 protein expressed increased, reflecting active uptake of FC. During recovery, the rise in FC to control levels was associated with increased liver γ-BBH expression. Protein expression of PPARα was stimulated in liver after exercise and during recovery. Interestingly, heart TMLD protein was also detected after exercise. Acute exercise stimulates carnitine uptake in liver and heart. The rapid return of FC levels in plasma after exercise indicates carnitine biosynthesis by liver is stimulated to establish carnitine homeostasis. Our results suggest that exercise may benefit patients with carnitine deficiency syndromes.

scholarly journals The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Wade ◽  
Paul Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽  
Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

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