Wettability Property In Natural Systems: A Case of Flying Insects

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (42-43) ◽  
pp. 2697-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sackey ◽  
B.T. Sone ◽  
K. A. Dompreh ◽  
M. Maaza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractRecently, scientists have demonstrated that material surfaces in nature that possess special wettability properties are composed of micro- and nanostructures. In this study, we focused on the importance of surface structures in determining the wettability of wings of the flying insect species: Idea malabarica, Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya marginalis. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis indicates the different nano-/micro- structures identified on the wings. Surface roughness which plays a role in influencing the wettability was theoretically estimated from the SEM images. While the spherical liquid water droplets used for testing wettability were observed to float on the surface of the Idea malabarica and Lucilia sericata wings, the surface of the Chrysomya marginalis wing was made completely wet. The super-hydrophobicity of the Idea malabarica wing as compared to the near-hydrophobicity/mild hydrophilicity of the Lucilia sericata wing and the distinct hydrophilicity of the Chrysomya marginilis wing could be attributed to its complicated composition of nano-/microstructures and higher surface roughness value.

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

Attachment of Blood Cells onto ZrO2 and SiO2-Containing Glass

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Valério ◽  
Simeon Agathopoulos ◽  
A.J. Calado ◽  
M. Fatima Leite ◽  
Alfredo Goes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Samples of zirconia and a bioinert SiO2-containing glass with different surface roughness were immersed into human whole blood for different settling times to investigate the adhesion and attachment of blood cells onto these materials. The cell/material interface was directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the blood cells preserved their physiology and attaching capability regardless the type of material, surface roughness, and settling time. The SEM images strongly indicate the normal function of adhesion proteins.

scholarly journals The effect of a 3% hydroxyapatite paste prophylaxis after different root-scaling procedures in periodontics

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gustavo Gonzalez OSUNA ◽  
Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Lucas Henrique de Souza TEIXEIRA ◽  
Claudia Oliveira MARQUEZ ◽  
Milena Suemi IRIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Introduction Root-scaling procedures on the root surface show to increase root surface roughness during instrumentation. The use of a prophylactic paste reduces the roughness. Objetive This study evaluated the influence of prophylaxis paste on the surface roughness of root dentin after hand instruments (HI), ultrasonic scalers (US) and rotational instruments (RI) were applied to root surfaces. Material and method Fifty bovine roots were prepared and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=5) in which instrumentation with HI, US, or RI was carried out with or without prophylaxis using either conventional or 3% hydroxyapatite paste; additionally, a control group without treatment was included. The Ra and Rz roughness values were measured using a perfilometer. The morphological aspects of the root surfaces were analysed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Result The scaling method and the prophylaxis procedure significantly influenced (p < 0.05) root surface roughness. Treatment with US and prophylaxis with 3% hydroxyapatite paste resulted in lower values of Ra (0.14 μm ± 0.02 μm) and Rz (0.89 μm ± 0.18 μm) compared to the other groups. SEM analysis showed smoother and more homogeneous surfaces in the groups with prophylaxis compared to the groups without prophylaxis. There were no substantial differences between the results of applying different pastes. Conclusion The prophylaxis procedure performed with the experimental paste containing 3% hydroxyapatite reduced the roughness of root surfaces treated with HI, US and RI at the same level as the conventional prophylactic paste.

Evaluation of Surface Modification of PA 2200 Parts Made by Selective Laser Sintering Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-889
Author(s):  
Cristina Stefana Miron Borzan ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
Vlad Bocanet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significant Difference

Cellular adhesion on surface structures from PA 2200 made through Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process can be improved by modifying the parts surface. In this paper, different methods for surface modification are presented. The PA 2200 samples were immersed in six different solvents. SEM images and surface roughness tests were performed in order to evaluate the surface modification both for the control group and for the tested groups. The obtained results clearly show that there is a significant difference between the roughness of the control (untreated) surface and each of the treated surfaces. Modifying by immersion, of the PA 2200 structures produced by Selective Laser Sintering process, brings original approaches concerning the use of those procedures in the increase of the surfaces quality.

Characterizing the Surface Roughness of Thermomechanical Pulp Fibers with Atomic Force Microscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Snell ◽  
Leslie H. Groom ◽  
Timothy G. Rials
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary Loblolly pine, separated into mature and juvenile portions, was refined at various pressures (4, 8 and 12 bar). Fiber surfaces were investigated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Refiner pressure had a significant effect on the fiber surfaces. SEM images showed an apparent increase in surface roughness with increased refiner pressure. This was shown quantitatively with data from the AFM that was analyzed using 5, 2.5 and 1.25 μm scan sizes. A scan size of 2.5 μm was found to be the most informative in terms of quantifying the effect of the different treatments on the two fiber types. The calculated surface roughness was greatest at 8 bar for both wood types. Juvenile fibers in general had higher surface roughness values than mature fibers. The results suggest that refining pressure may influence the failure mechanism of juvenile and mature wood differently.

scholarly journals Efeito da apresentação comercial de ácido clorídrico para técnica de microabrasão na perda de estrutura e superfície do esmalte

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Pâmela Lopes Pedro Da Silva ◽  
Patricia Pereira Maciel ◽  
Lídia Batista Conrado Martins ◽  
Eliseu Aldrigui Münchow ◽  
Rogério Lacerda-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The microabrasion technique can be performed using a commercially available paste, or the dentist can prepare it in his office. Objective: To verify the effect of hydrochloric acid commercial presentation in the handling of microabrasion paste on the enamel surface. Methodology: Bovine incisors were divided into two groups, according to the commercial presentation of 10% hydrochloric acid (liquid or gel). The treatment was carried out through ten applications of 10 s duration each, intercalated with a 10s wash. Twenty teeth (n=10) were used to determine the loss of enamel structure. Each sample was weighed on an analytical balance before and after submission to microabrasion. Another 20 teeth (n=10) were used to determine the average surface roughness (Ra) using a rugosimeter. Three samples from each group of the previous experiment were selected, randomly, and another three additional samples were repared as a control (baseline) for SEM analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the final and initial mass and the surface roughness of the samples, regardless of the acid commercial presentation. In the SEM images, a regular surface was observed for the control group (baseline). In the other images, there was a surface with considerable irregularity and a slight dissolution of the enamel. Conclusions: The treatment carried out.

scholarly journals Analiza SEM czarnego tonera na wydrukach. Część II

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 221-249
Author(s):  
Anna Łasińska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Laser Printer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Document Examiners ◽  
Printing Machine ◽  
Scanning Electron

Eksperci w zakresie badań dokumentów są często proszeni o określenie, czy wydruk pochodzi z określonej drukarki laserowej. Drukarkę rzadko można zidentyfikować, chyba że na wydruku są widoczne jej unikalne wady lub nieprawidłowości. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości identyfikacji i weryfikacji tonerów na wydrukach uzyskanych z rożnych drukarek laserowych przy użyciu skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej. W sumie 21 wydruków uzyskano z 21 rożnych modeli maszyn drukujących Brother i Konica Minolta. Szesnaście wydruków uzyskano z drukarek, w których były oryginalne kasety z tonerem, a pięć z drukarek z zamiennikami. Ustalono jasne kryteria oceny indywidualnej. Na podstawie zdjęć SEM oraz tych kryteriów ujawniono szczegóły topografii struktury tonera. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań określono różnice lub podobieństwa tonerów na badanych wydrukach. SEM analysis of black toner on printouts. Part II Document examiners are frequently asked to determine whether or not a printout originated from a particular laser printer. The printer can rarely be identified unless some unique defects or irregularities of the printing are present on the printout. This article presents an overview of a systematic approach to characterizing and discriminating the toner of different laser printers using scanning electron microscopy. A total of twenty-one collected printouts were printed on twenty-one different Brother and Konica Minolta printing machine models. Sixteen printouts were obtained using printers with original toner cartridges while five printouts were obtained using printers with compatible cartridges. Clear criteria were established for individual assessment. Based on the SEM images and established criteria the details of topography of the toner structure were revealed. Due to this study, the differences or similarities of toners on tested printouts were determined. The SEM technique can be successfully, simply, and rapidly applied to the analysis of toners on paper documents.

scholarly journals Study of the Development of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis upon Oxidative Stress using Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jane Anastassopoulou ◽  
◽  
Ioannis Mamarelis ◽  
Theophile Theophanides ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the formation and development of carotid artery atherosclerosis. The FTIR spectra showed that with the progression of atheromatic plaque formation, the collagen changed its native structure from ɑ-helix to random coil, amyloid, and cross-links. The infrared spectra and SEM analysis of carotid arteries showed that higher than 65% of the atheromatic plaque in patients with stenosis consisted of calcium carbonate, which lies inside foam cells. However, as the stenosis progresses, these deposits of calcium phosphate become more prevalent. A thorough analysis of the SEM images highlighted that mineral deposits preferred the carboxyl groups of amino acids. The intensity and shape changes in FT-IR spectra in the region of 1200-900 cm<sup>-1</sup> were related to elevated serum glucose and uric acid levels, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the involvement of free radicals during atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy used as a profilometer for the surface characterization of polyethylene-coated paperboard

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Brugés Martelo ◽  
Mattias Andersson ◽  
Consolatina Liguori ◽  
Jan Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Geometric Product ◽  
Measure Surface Roughness ◽  
Stereo Photogrammetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract In food packaging, low-density polyethylene (PE) coating is applied to paperboards to act as a functional barrier and to provide the smoothness required to enhance printability. These characteristics are related to the material’s surface roughness, the parameter monitored during the manufacturing process. Measurement of surface roughness using optical profilometry has gained importance in the paper industry. The optical instruments used to measure surface roughness are limited spatially by the relationship with the light wavelength at which they operate. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is an alternative for overcoming the spatial resolution limitation, and the use of stereo-photogrammetry on SEM images can be seen as an alternative profilometry technique to measure surface roughness. In this investigation, the surface topography of industrially manufactured high-quality PE-coated paperboard was studied, comparing the SEM stereo-photogrammetry technique with a reference profilometry method, i. e., chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM). We found close agreement between the calculated surface roughness and the results of the techniques used and compared them according to the new ISO 25178 Geometric Product Specifications. We concluded that SEM stereo-photogrammetry provides comparable accurate alternative profilometry method for characterizing the surface roughness of PE-coated paperboard in the micrometer scale.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

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