Sonochemically Synthesized ZnO Nanostructured Piezoelectric Layers for Self-Powered Sensor Applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 1355-1360
Author(s):  
Fahmida Alam ◽  
Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei ◽  
Ahmed Hasnain Jalal ◽  
Nezih Pala
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Sonochemical Reaction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report on the flexible thin film piezoelectric nanogenerators based on two-dimensional ZnO nanoflakes (NFs) directly deposited onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using a simple sonochemical reaction in aqueous solution at room temperature. Our sonochemical synthesis method is a rapid, highly stable, low-cost, and reproducible method, which can be performed at ambient conditions. These advantages of the sonochemical method allow the synthesis of many different ZnO nanostructures. The structural investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the ZnO NFs grew with high level of crystallinity and without any thermal damage on the substrates. The fabrication of these device provides a promising solution for developing flexible and self-powered electronic devices particularly wearable and implantable sensors. This ZnO-NFs based nanogenerator provides 62 mV of potential and significant reproducibility having with lower p-value (0.0212).

scholarly journals Economical, Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Lac Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fluorescent carbon quantum dots (FCDs) have attracted tremendous interest because of their advantageous characteristics of cost effectiveness and fluorescent nature. In this study, we developed a simple, economical and effective method for the green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (FCDs) from Lac of Butea monosperma host tree, a renewable and sustainable resource. The synthesis method involves the low cost hydrothermal process using the Lac extract as a carbon source. The as-synthesized FCDs were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Spectrofluorophotometer. The synthesized FCDs possess stable good water solubility as well as high quantum yield. The results suggest that the proposed FCDs could be utilized for photovoltaic cell, bio imaging, drug delivery and bio-sensor applications.

Synthesis of Crystalline ZnO Nanosheets on Graphene and Other Substrates at Ambient Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phani Kiran Vabbina ◽  
Santanu Das ◽  
Nezih Pala ◽  
Wonbong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Zno Nanosheets ◽  
Sonochemical Reaction

ABSTRACTWe report on the fabrication of ZnO nanosheets on Graphene and other substrates at ambient conditions. The growth mechanism and the effect of the substrate are also discussed. Our synthesis method is based on sonochemical reaction of Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in aqueous solutions. Extensive analysis by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed crystalline ZnO composition of the ZnO nanosheets. The proposed method is a rapid, inexpensive, low-temperature, catalystfree, CMOS compatible and environmentally benign alternative to existing growth techniques.

Hybrid Micro-Optical Sensors via Sol-Gel Soft Lithography

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Clarner ◽  
Michael J. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Patterned Structures ◽  
Biological Functionality ◽  
Indicator Dyes

ABSTRACTOrganically modified silica gels and dye-doped silica gels have been patterned into micrometer-scale structures on a substrate using micro molding in capillaries (MIMIC). This approach is from a class of elastomeric stamping and molding techniques collectively known as soft lithography. Soft lithography and sol-gel processing share attractive features in that they are relatively benign processes performed at ambient conditions, which makes both techniques compatible with a wide variety of organic molecules, molecular assemblies, and biomolecules. The combination of sol-gel and soft lithography, therefore, holds enormous promise as a tool for microfabrication of materials with optical, chemical, or biological functionality that are not readily patterned with conventional methods. This paper describes our investigation of micro-patterned organic-inorganic hybrid materials containing indicator dyes for microfluidic sensor applications. Reversible colorimetric pH sensing via entrapped reagents is demonstrated in a prototype microfluidic sensor element. Patterned structures range from one to tens of micrometers in cross-section and are up to centimeters in length. Fundamental chemical processing issues associated with mold filling, cracking and sensor stability are discussed.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN INFORMASI OBAT DAN KONSELING TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH IDAMAN BANJARBARU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-249
Author(s):  
Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah ◽  
◽  
Ika Maulida Nurrahma ◽  
Adnan Syahrizal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Information ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Compliance to achieve treatment success can be improved by providing drug information services (PIO) and counseling to improve understanding of treatment instructions. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of drug information service and counseling on the level of medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with hypertension in the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital. This study uses a quasi experimental method with a cross sectional approach and takes patient data prospectively. The results of this study indicate that the group given PIO and counseling showed a high level of adherence as many as 20 respondents (100%). Whereas in the group that was not given PIO and the counseling level of adherence was low, there were 4 respondents (20%). Based on the mann-whitney analysis p-value = 0,000 (<α = 0.05) so that there are differences in the group with PIO and counseling with groups without PIO and counseling, while the chi square analysis p-value = 0.004 (<α = 0 , 05) so that PIO and counseling have a significant effect on the level of adherence to taking medication in patients with DM with hypertension at the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Erica Husser ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Marie Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.

scholarly journals Hybrid mosquitoes? Evidence from rural Tanzania on how local communities conceptualize and respond to modified mosquitoes as a tool for malaria control

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marceline F. Finda ◽  
Fredros O. Okumu ◽  
Elihaika Minja ◽  
Rukiyah Njalambaha ◽  
Winfrida Mponzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interpretive Frames

Abstract Background Different forms of mosquito modifications are being considered as potential high-impact and low-cost tools for future malaria control in Africa. Although still under evaluation, the eventual success of these technologies will require high-level public acceptance. Understanding prevailing community perceptions of mosquito modification is, therefore, crucial for effective design and implementation of these interventions. This study investigated community perceptions regarding genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMMs) and their potential for malaria control in Tanzanian villages where no research or campaign for such technologies has yet been undertaken. Methods A mixed-methods design was used, involving: (i) focus group discussions (FGD) with community leaders to get insights on how they frame and would respond to GMMs, and (ii) structured questionnaires administered to 490 community members to assess awareness, perceptions and support for GMMs for malaria control. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings and thematic content analysis was used to identify key concepts and interpret the findings. Results Nearly all survey respondents were unaware of mosquito modification technologies for malaria control (94.3%), and reported no knowledge of their specific characteristics (97.3%). However, community leaders participating in FGDs offered a set of distinctive interpretive frames to conceptualize interventions relying on GMMs for malaria control. The participants commonly referenced their experiences of cross-breeding for selecting preferred traits in domestic plants and animals. Preferred GMMs attributes included the expected reductions in insecticide use and human labour. Population suppression approaches, requiring as few releases as possible, were favoured. Common concerns included whether the GMMs would look or behave differently than wild mosquitoes, and how the technology would be integrated into current malaria control policies. The participants emphasised the importance and the challenge of educating and engaging communities during the technology development. Conclusions Understanding how communities perceive and interpret novel technologies is crucial to the design and effective implementation of new vector control programmes. This study offers vital clues on how communities with no prior experience of modified mosquitoes might conceptualize or respond to such technologies when deployed in the context of malaria control programmes. Drawing upon existing interpretive frames and locally-resonant analogies when deploying such technologies may provide a basis for more durable public support in the future.

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
André Olean-Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito ◽  
Celso Xavier Cardoso ◽  
Marcos F. S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Sensor Applications

The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.

scholarly journals Lifetime Analysis of Rubber Gasket Composed of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber with Low-Temperature Resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Young-Doo Kwon ◽  
Seong-Hwa Jun ◽  
Ji-Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accelerated Life Test ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Lifetime Analysis

Most machines and instruments constantly require elastomeric materials like rubber for the purposes of shock absorption, noise attenuation, and sealing. The material properties and accurate lifetime prediction of rubber are closely related to the quality of machines, especially their durability and reliability. The properties of rubber-like elastomers are influenced by ambient conditions, such as temperature, environment, and mechanical load. Moreover, the initial properties of rubber gaskets must be sustained under working conditions to satisfy their required function. Because of its technical merits, as well as its low cost, the highly accelerated life test (HALT) is used by many researchers to predict the long-term lifetime of rubber materials. Methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) has recently been adopted to improve the lifetime of automobile radiator gaskets. A four-parameter method of determining the recovery ability of the gaskets was recently published, and two revised methods of obtaining the recovery were proposed for polyacrylate (ACM) rubber. The recovery rate curves for VMQ were acquired using the successive zooming genetic algorithm (SZGA). The gasket lifetime for the target recovery (60%) of a compressed gasket was computed somewhat differently depending on the selected regression model.

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