A new class of composite materials: Matrix auto-reinforced organic material–MARIOM

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1990-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wyler ◽  
R.T. Markus ◽  
H.J. Wagner ◽  
B. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
New Class ◽  
Matrix Reinforcement ◽  
Collagenous Fibers

A sort of composite material can be produced from a single kind of natural organic fiber. This has been observed with bovine leather. During the formation process in a die particulated leather fibers were subjected for a period of about 6 min to a pressure of over 100 bar at a processing temperature of between 60 and 200 °C. In this way a portion of these collagenous fibers was plastically deformed and converted into continuous matrix material in which unconverted fibers act as matrix reinforcement. Round, collagenous fibers assumed an angular cross section and became the building blocks of the continuous matrix. This is clearly visible on pictures made with a scanning electron microscope. At a processing temperature of 70 °C and a pressure of 650 bar, applied for 6 min, the maximum compression strength at room temperature is found to be 185 MPa. At these processing parameters Young's modulus is about 2.4 GPa and the bulk density is 1350 kg/m3. Other natural fibers, to be used as organic raw material for the production of composites, are currently under investigation.

Thermal Spray Manufacturing of Semi-Finished Parts for Thixoforming of Fiber and Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 116-117 ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wenzelburger ◽  
Maria Nieves Alsina ◽  
Konstantin von Niessen ◽  
Rainer Gadow
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Ceramic Particle ◽  
Light Metal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Semi Solid

Processing of light-metals in semi-solid state offers some advantages regarding process temperatures, handling of the material, but also the resulting micro-structure of the final component. Reinforcement of light-metal components with fibers or particles can be applied in order to increase elastic modulus and yield strength of the material as well as its wear resistance. But, the manufacturing of metal matrix composites by thixoforging requires the supply of raw material that shows thixotropic behavior at processing temperature and that contains a definite volume fraction of well distributed reinforcement phase. In this work, an arc wire spray process is applied for the manufacturing of semi-finished parts by coating of long-fiber fabrics and by deposition of ceramic particle containing billets. The process technique is described and the suitability of thermally sprayed matrix material for semi-solid processing is verified.

scholarly journals Development of rose and crabapple compound beverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Fan Dan-min ◽  
Yang Zhi-long
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Sugar Mixture ◽  
Rose Petals

A nutrient-richness rose-crabapple compound beverage was developed using edible rose and crabapple as raw material, and the processing technology of compound beverage was also investigated. Fresh rose petals were mixed with sugar at the mass ratio of 1:1, maturing 3 months at room temperature. Then a unique-flavor rose liquor was extracted from the mature rose-sugar mixture, whereas the flavor crabapple extracts were extracted from 20 grams of crabapple in one liter purified water. The compound beverage processing parameters were identified to ensure the optimum rose beverage processing formula by sensory evaluation and orthogonal test.

Manufacturing of Epoxy Composites Incorporated with Buriti Fibers and Evaluation of Thermogravimetric Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson de Paula Barbosa ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Giulio Rodrigues Altoé ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Thermogravimetric Behavior

The thermal resistance of natural fibers is a relevant property for technical application associated with relatively high temperature levels. In polymer composites manufacturated with natural fibers the resistance to thermal degradation may become a critical factor not only with respect to processing temperature but also in-service heating operational conditions. In the present work, epoxy composites incorporated with up to 30 vol% of fibers extracted from the petiole of the buriti palm tree were manufactured and evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, by means of the TG, and its derivative, DTG, curves from room temperature to 700°C. The results showed thermal resistances above 200°C for both the isolated buriti fibers and its manufactured composites.

The Influence of Fiber Processing and Alkaline Treatment on the Properties of Natural Fiber-reinforced Composites: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keagisitswe Setswalo ◽  
Namoshe Molaletsa ◽  
Oluseyi Philip Oladijo ◽  
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi ◽  
Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fiber Processing

Throughout generations, research on natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) has been growing and yielding promising results. The notion of blending natural fibers with polymers comes from the composite’s suitable properties, not limited to low density, availability at a low price, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. The quest for high-performing and marketable NFRCs is driving innovation in the synthesis of such materials. A suitable combination of parameters that optimizes the mechanical and functional properties of the composites without increasing the cost of production is desired. The main objective of this review is to evaluate some of the parameters that influence the behavior and properties of NFRCs. The influence of alkaline modification and natural fiber processing parameters, such as particle size, modification concentration, soaking duration, processing temperature, fiber-to-polymer ratio, and adoption of additives, on composites are discussed. This review summarizes some of the work and provides some directions in the search of an all-around performing economic NFRC.

Reducing the raw material usage for room temperature infusible and polymerisable thermoplastic CFRPs through reuse of recycled waste matrix material

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 108877
Author(s):  
Magnus Gebhardt ◽  
Ioannis Manolakis ◽  
Atasi Chatterjee ◽  
Gerhard Kalinka ◽  
Joachim Deubener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Recycled Waste

Interactions Between Al and Cr Thin Films

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
T. M. Reith ◽  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
E. K. Brandis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Intermetallic Formation ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

Thin films of aluminum or aluminum-silicon can be used in conjunction with thin films of chromium in integrated electronic circuits. For some applications, these films exhibit undesirable reactions; in particular, intermetallic formation below 500 C must be inhibited or prevented. The Al films, being the principal current carriers in interconnective metal applications, are usually much thicker than the Cr; so one might expect Al-rich intermetallics to form when the processing temperature goes out of control. Unfortunately, the JCPDS and the literature do not contain enough data on the Al-rich phases CrAl7 and Cr2Al11, and the determination of these data was a secondary aim of this work.To define a matrix of Cr-Al diffusion couples, Cr-Al films were deposited with two sets of variables: Al or Al-Si, and broken vacuum or single pumpdown. All films were deposited on 2-1/4-inch thermally oxidized Si substrates. A 500-Å layer of Cr was deposited at 120 Å/min on substrates at room temperature, in a vacuum system that had been pumped to 2 x 10-6 Torr. Then, with or without vacuum break, a 1000-Å layer of Al or Al-Si was deposited at 35 Å/s, with the substrates still at room temperature.

A Bottom-Up Approach to Solution-Processed, Atomically Precise Graphitic Cylinders on Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Leonhardt ◽  
Jeff M. Van Raden ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Lev N. Zakharov ◽  
Benjamin Aleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Circle Packing ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
New Class ◽  
Solution Casting Technique

Extended carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exhibit remarkable properties but are difficult to synthesize uniformly. Herein, we present a new class of carbon nanomaterials constructed via the bottom-up self-assembly of cylindrical, atomically-precise small molecules. Guided by supramolecular design principles and circle packing theory, we have designed and synthesized a fluorinated nanohoop that, in the solid-state, self-assembles into nanotube-like arrays with channel diameters of precisely 1.63 nm. A mild solution-casting technique is then used to construct vertical “forests” of these arrays on a highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through epitaxial growth. Furthermore, we show that a basic property of nanohoops, fluorescence, is readily transferred to the bulk phase, implying that the properties of these materials can be directly altered via precise functionalization of their nanohoop building blocks. The strategy presented is expected to have broader applications in the development of new graphitic nanomaterials with π-rich cavities reminiscent of CNTs.

Elaboration of novel adsorbent from Moroccan oil shale using Plackett–Burman design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Maximal Capacity

The new adsorbents were prepared from Moroccan oil shale by chemical and physical process .In this study, experimental Plackett-Burman has been used as a screening method to study six factors for the development of materials to adsorbent basis of oil shale Moroccan. The factors have been identified by two levels, To Know temperature (°C), Processing time (min), mass ratio (m precursor/m acid), Pretreatment mixture the precursor with acid, origin of the raw material and type of the activating agent (H2SO4, H3PO4).And it was chosen as a response The maximum quantity of adsorption of the molecule of Methylene blue (Qads in mg/g) and the specific surface measure by the method bet (Sbet in m2/g), The predicted values were in agreement with the experimental values with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98. The model has been validated by experiments subsequent to optimized conditions. The experimental data processing by software JMP 7 showed that the processing temperature The report of oil shale on the acid and activation time were the important effect on the maximal capacity of adsorption of methylene blue. The sample prepared at 237 °C during 215 min with pre-processing has a maximal capacity of adsorption equal to 54mg/g according to model of adsorption of Langmuir and SBET equal to 143 m2/g.

scholarly journals Long-fibre reinforced polymer composites by 3D printing: influence of nature of reinforcement and processing parameters on mechanical performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Dantas ◽  
Kevin Couling ◽  
Gregory J. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Unreinforced Material ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the effect of material type (matrix and reinforcement) and process parameters, on the mechanical properties of 3D Printed long-fibre reinforced polymer composites manufactured using a commercial 3D Printer (Mark Two). The effect of matrix material (Onyx or polyamide), reinforcement type (Carbon, Kevlar®, and HSHT glass), volume of reinforcement, and reinforcement lay-up orientation on both Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Flexural Modulus were investigated. For Onyx, carbon fibre reinforcement offered the largest increase in both UTS and Flexural Modulus over unreinforced material (1228 ± 19% and 1114 ± 6% respectively). Kevlar® and HSHT also provided improvements but these were less significant. Similarly, for Nylon, the UTS and Flexural Modulus were increased by 1431 ± 56% and 1924 ± 5% by the addition of carbon fibre reinforcement. Statistical analysis indicated that changing the number of layers of reinforcement had the largest impact on both UTS and Flexural Strength, and all parameters were statistically significant.

scholarly journals Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Eva Gerold ◽  
Stefan Luidold ◽  
Helmut Antrekowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The consumption of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years. This can be primarily attributed to its use in lithium-ion batteries for the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Due to its specific properties, lithium will also continue to be an indispensable key component for rechargeable batteries in the next decades. An average lithium-ion battery contains 5–7% of lithium. These values indicate that used rechargeable batteries are a high-quality raw material for lithium recovery. Currently, the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research. This work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies.

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