Measurement of the work function of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ under ambient conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1497-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon DeVries ◽  
Steve S. Wakisaka ◽  
Erik R. Spjut
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Electrodynamic Balance

The photoelectric work function of samples of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ of approximately 40 μm diameter was measured under ambient temperature and atmosphere in an electrodynamic balance. The measured values had an average of 4.98 eV and a standard deviation of 0.24 eV. The minimum value was 4.46 eV and the maximum was 5.52 eV.

Physiology of Oil Seeds. X. Seed Quality of Peanut Genotypes as Affected by Ambient Storage Temperature1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darold L. Ketring
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
Field Emergence

Abstract Proper storage of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods following drying is a critical step in maintenance of seed quality for the next planting season. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ambient storage temperature (similar to farmers stock peanuts stored in warehouses) on seed germination and seedling vigor of selected peanut genotypes. Peanuts were grown in the field for three successive seasons. Pods were harvested, dried, and shelled. Seed samples were taken for storage under ambient conditions, humidity effects were eliminated by storing the seeds in plastic freezer bags in sealed containers. Seasons were: (1) 1986, 19 months storage at ambient temperature, (2) 1987, 7 months storage at ambient temperature, and (3) 1988, seeds without storage. When comparisons were made among genotypes within seasons, exposure to Season 1 conditions resulted in the least germination and seedling growth, but a wide range of genotype diversity occurred. Germination of seeds from Seasons 2 and 3 ranged from 81 to 98%, and significant differences in seedling growth occurred among genotypes. When comparisons were made across Seasons, the data indicated a significant storage effect, which resulted in different seed quality for individual genotypes. Usually field emergence was significantly different among genotypes and was highly correlated with germination for all seasons. Generally, emergence was negatively correlated with slow seedling growth and positively correlated with rapid seedling growth. Thus, for seeds of lower vigor (Seasons 1 and 2), rapid seedling growth was particularly critical for early, uniform emergence (10 DAP) in the field. Genotypes were significantly different in extent of seed quality reduction and field emergence both within and across storage periods. Genotype diversity to ambient storage conditions suggests there is genetic potential to improve longevity of seed quality during storage and enhance stability of field emergence.

scholarly journals Effects of Ambient Parameters on the Performance of a Direct-Expansion Solar-Assisted Heat Pump with Bare Plate Evaporators for Space Heating

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Huang ◽  
Jie Ji ◽  
Mawufemo Modjinou ◽  
Jing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Independent Effects

Research on the direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP) system with bare plate evaporators for space heating is meaningful but insufficient. In this paper, experiments on a DX-SAHP system applying bare plate evaporators for space heating are conducted in the enthalpy difference lab with a solar simulator, with the ambient conditions stable. The independent effects of ambient temperature, solar irradiation, and relative humidity on the system performance are investigated. When ambient temperature changes as 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C, COP increases as 2.12, 2.18, and 2.26. When solar irradiance changes as 0 W m−2, 100 W m−2, 200 W m−2, 300 W m−2, and 500 W m−2, COP of the system changes as 2.07, 2.09, 2.14, 2.26, and 2.36. With ambient temperature of 5°C and solar irradiance of 0 W m−2, when relative humidity is 50%, no frost formed. Whereas with relative humidity of 70% and 90%, frost formed but not seriously frosted after 120 min of operating. Frost did not deteriorate but improved the heating performance of the DX-SAHP system. The change of relative humidity from 70% to 90% improves the evaporating heat exchange rate by 35.0% and increases COP by 16.3%, from 1.78 to 2.07.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE JARIMATIKA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG BILANGAN BULAT POSITIF PADA SISWA KELAS IV A MIN MALAWELE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram G
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Statistical Calculation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Academic Year

This research is motivated by the students' low numeracy skills. Based on the results of observations by researchers in class IVA during the implementation of PPL in the 2017/2018 academic year, from 21 students, there were 14 students who were not proficient in arithmetic (66%) and those who were proficient but still needed guidance, there were 7 students (34%). In this case, the researcher tried an experimental study in mathematics learning, especially positive integer material using the Jarimatika method. Based on the descriptive statistical calculation of the average pretest and posttest mean with a total of 21 students, the pretest average obtained a minimum value of 23.75, a maximum value of 96.25, an average value of 66.07, and a standard deviation of 18.688, while the average postest obtained a minimum value of 61.25, a maximum value of 97.50, an average value of 81.72 and a standard deviation value of 10.922. This study was declared successful by looking at the difference in the average pretest and postest results from 66.07 to 81.72. This shows that there is an effect of the Jarimatika method on the counting ability of positive integers in class IVA MIN Malawele, Sorong Regency

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT CONDITIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE THERMOELECTRIC WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK NODE

2019 ◽  
pp. 089
Author(s):  
Dejan Milić ◽  
Aneta Predrag Prijić ◽  
Ljubomir Vračar ◽  
Zoran Prijić
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Node ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Hot Surface

This paper considers the effects of the ambient temperature and unducted air flow on the voltage generated by a thermoelectric generator used to power wireless sensor network node. Structure of the node is simulated using a fully coupled numerical electro--thermal model with convective correlations. Results show that the effect of the ambient temperature is negligible as long as the temperature difference between the hot surface of the node and the ambient is maintained. For natural convection, voltage dependence on the temperature difference can be determined from the open circuit conditions and this can be used to approximate the load conditions. For forced convection, an increase rate of the generated voltage is governed by the thermal resistance of the heatsink and characteristic parameters of the thermoelectric generator.

The Effect of Ambient Conditions on the Performance of Supplementary Fired Gas-Steam Combined Cycle

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kermani ◽  
B. Rad Nasab ◽  
M. Saffar-Avval
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Steam Cycle

The effect of ambient conditions, ambient temperature and site location of the power plant (the altitude or ambient pressure), on the performance of a typical supplementary fired (SF) gas-steam combined cycle (CC) is studied, and its performances are compared with that of the unfired case. The CC used in the present study is comprised of two V94.2 gas turbine units, two HR-steam generators and a single steam cycle. For the cases studied, it is observed that SF can increase the total net power of the CC by 5% and the efficiency for the fired-cycle is observed to be about 1% less than that of unfired-cycle case. The variations of the total net power with ambient temperature for both supplementary fired and unfired cases (slope w.r.t. the ambient temperature) are almost identical.

scholarly journals The effect of calf jackets on the health, performance, and skin temperature of dairy origin beef calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi H Rutherford ◽  
Alan W Gordon ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Francis O Lively
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Humidity Index

Abstract Variations and extremities in climatic conditions can result in cold stress for dairy calves during the preweaning period. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of calf jackets on the health, performance, and skin temperature of dairy-origin beef calves. This study took place in a designated calf rearing unit, spanned for a duration of 1 yr, and consisted of five batches of calves. Calves (30.9 ± 1.68 d of age; 55.9 ± 0.20 kg live weight) were assigned to one of four treatment groups on arrival at the rearing unit. Treatments consisted of control (no jacket), arrival (jacket for 2 wk postarrival), weight (jacket for a minimum of 2 wk and until 65 kg live weight), and wean (jacket until 5 d postweaning). Ambient conditions differed significantly (P < 0.001) during each of the five batches; batch 4 was the coldest with a mean ambient temperature of 6.16 °C. Significant differences were observed between the five batches for day 50 weight (P < 0.01) and disease incidence (P < 0.05). However, treatment had no significant effect on calf health or performance (P > 0.05) during any of the five batches. Skin temperature was significantly greater (P < 0.001) for calves wearing a jacket. Furthermore, there was a significant (P < 0.001) relationship between ambient temperature-humidity index and skin temperature for calves with and without a calf jacket. Therefore, although calf jackets had no benefit in terms of health or performance, they did act as a barrier to environmental conditions.

The Effects of Increased Ambient Temperature on Dual Task Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Robert P. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Mental Tasks

This paper reports on the effects of two levels of increased ambient temperature on the performance of a tracking task and a variety of secondary mental tasks. Significant performance decrements due to increased ambient temperature were observed for the least complex mental tasks. It must be concluded that for the intelligent, highly motivated subjects used in this experiment, simple tasks involving a minimum of mental effort are more sensitive to Effective Temperatures up to 32.2°C (90°F) for exposure times between one and two hours. It appears that complex mental tasks remain unaffected by ambient conditions that produce only minor changes in the physiological state, and may actually show small increases in performance level. The performance improvement with increasing heat stress for difficult tasks and the corresponding decrement for simple tasks supports a theory that heat stress at the levels used in this study tends to decrease arousal. Based on an inverted-U performance curve, a lower level of arousal would result in the prediction of exactly the results obtained in this study.

The dynamic evaporation process of the deep eutectic solvent LiTf2N:N-methylacetamide at ambient temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 11810-11821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Dongkun Yu ◽  
Li Fu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Dongran Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Three Stages

The dynamic evaporation process of the lithium-based deep eutectic solvent LiTf2N:NMA under ambient conditions can be divided into three stages.

scholarly journals Efficiency of solar radiation conversion in photovoltaic panels

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 02014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kurpaska ◽  
Jarosław Knaga ◽  
Hubert Latała ◽  
Jakub Sikora ◽  
Wiesław Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Radiation Conversion

This paper included analysis the conversion efficiency in photovoltaic panels. The tests were done between February and June at a test stand equipped with three commonly used types of photovoltaic panels: poly- and monocrystalline silicon and with semi-conductive layer made of copper (Cu), indium (In), gallium (Ga) and selenium (Se) (CIGS). Five days of each month were selected for a detailed analysis. They were close to the so-called recommended day for calculations in solar power engineering. Efficiency, calculated as the yield of electrical energy in relation to solar radiation energy reaching the panels was made conditional upon solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature. It was found that as solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature increase, the efficiency of solar radiation conversion into electricity is reduced. Correlation dependence was determined for the test data obtained, describing temperature change of panels depending on climatic conditions. It was found that as panel temperature increases, the conversion efficiency is reduced. Within the tested scope of experiment conditions, the efficiency was reduced in the range between 20.1 and 22.8%. The authors also determined the average efficiency values in individual test months together with average ambient conditions of the environment where the process of solar radiation conversion took place.

The Control of NOx and CO Emissions From 7-MW Gas Turbines With Water Injection as Influenced by Ambient Conditions

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Y. Hung ◽  
D. D. Agan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Fuel Gas

Interpretation of federal emissions regulations by a local regulatory agency resulted in the requirement to develop a special water control system for stationary gas turbines to meet stringent NOx and CO emissions limits. Extensive field testing of two 7-MW industrial gas turbines burning natural gas was performed to establish the effects of ambient air temperature, humidity and water injection on NOx and CO emissions. The predictions from a proven NOx model were shown to be within the uncertainty of the field measurements and were used to determine the water flow rates required when burning No. 2 distillate oil. Over the ambient temperature range considered, the analytical model predicted a linear increase in NOx emissions as ambient temperature increases. This was supported by the data gathered and the thermal NOx rate equation. Subsequently, a water injection system was successfully developed to control NOx and CO emissions from the 7-MW dual fuel gas turbine as a function of ambient temperature and turbine load.

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