Microstructural evolution of Sn–Ag–Cu–Al solder with respect to Al content and heat treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2386-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Lung Lin ◽  
Chih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Kaug-I Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Sn Whiskers ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Differential Scanning Colorimetry

The Pb-free Sn–Ag–Cu–Al solders were investigated for microstructural evolution with respect to Al% and heat treatment. The Al% varies from 0.1% to 0.45% while the contents of Ag are 3.1%–2.53% and of Cu are 0.41%–0.33%. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) was applied to identify the melting behavior. A monotectic temperature of 224 °C and a eutectic temperature of 220 °C are deduced from the DSC results. The microstructure was characterized with x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy. Ag3Sn and the γ2 phase of Al–Cu system are the intermetallic compounds formed in the as-cast solders. Cu6Sn5 formed upon heat treatment for 1000 h at 150 °C in the 0.45 Al-containing solder, while not found in the other solders or other heat treatment conditions. Sn whiskers were detected in a 0.45 Al-containing specimen after aging for 50 h.

The Process of Sol-Gel Method Prepared Bi-2212 Superconductors Tapes

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2300-2303
Author(s):  
Gen Zong Song ◽  
Duo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Ni Substrate ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
And Control

In this dissertation, Bi-2212 superconducting tapes was prepared by sol-gel method, in addition we mainly studied heat treatment conditions and sintering material drying conditions of the NiO/Ni substrate, and gived a optimization to the process. The heat treatment process of the NiO/Ni substrate had been researched.Based on previous experience, we explored the temperature of heat treatment and improved the process.Afterheattreatment,the samples was analyzed by metallographic microscope and X-ray diffraction,and we analysed these data. It’s concluded that the dense uniform oxide film can be sintered in 800°C with a 3 hours’ heat treatment.We further explored the conditions of the Bi-2212 superconducting materials.During the preparation. We mainly studied the drying temperature and sintering temperature ,because they would affect the gel phase transition and control components. It has a very important effect on high-quality superconducting strip preparation. Experiments results showed that drying the sample at 510 °C in temperature is best. all the samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. We summed up the data derived from experiments , it showed that sintering the sample at 850°C,we can obtain the mixed phase of Bi-2201 and Bi-2212.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Performance of ATP and its Catalyzer

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1510-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Bin Lin ◽  
Chun Bo Li ◽  
Yu Fu Zhu ◽  
Ai Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystal Transition ◽  
And Performance

Taking Attapulgite Clay(ATP) as a carrier, TiO2/ATP precursor was prepared by acid sol-gel method, and then made its composite under different heat-treatment conditions. The structures, dimensions, compositions of the composite are characterized by X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis and spectroscopic analysis measurements, respectively. the results show that TiO2/ATP composite increase the crystal transition temperature of TiO2, rutile TiO2emerge in the composite until 800°C, ATP lost its layer constructure and collapse at 850°C.

scholarly journals Структурные особенности замещенного феррита стронция Sr-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-La-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-FeO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=-: I. Sr-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-LaFe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-9-delta-=/SUB=-

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1648
Author(s):  
В.Д. Седых ◽  
О.Г. Рыбченко ◽  
Н.В. Барковский ◽  
А.И. Иванов ◽  
В.И. Кулаков
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Rhombohedral Phase ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Valence States

The structural features and Fe valence states in the substituted strontium ferrite Sr2/3La1/3FeO3-δ (or Sr2LaFe3O9-δ) have been studied for different synthesis and heat treatment conditions by X-ray diffraction analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy. A series of annealing of Sr2LaFe3O9-δ in vacuum ((10-3 Torr) in the temperature range of 400 - 650оС allowed us to trace the structure evolution from rhombohedral phase (Sr2LaFe3O9) to orthorhombic one (Sr2LaFe3O8) over the formation of intermediate multiphase states and the redistribution of Fe valence states as well.

Effect of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and magnetic property of Fe77Co2Zr9B10Cu2 alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450083 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Q. Yu ◽  
X. C. Meng ◽  
B. Zuo ◽  
Y. M. Sun ◽  
B. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron

Fe 77 Co 2 Zr 9 B 10 Cu 2 alloy prepared by melt-spinning was annealed at different heat treatment conditions. The thermal property, microstructure and magnetic property of alloys were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Fe 77 Co 2 Zr 9 B 10 Cu 2 alloy as-quenched is a mixture of α- Fe ( Co ) phase, H -phase and amorphous phase. With increasing annealing temperature, the H -phase transforms to α- Fe ( Co ) phase. Coercivity (Hc) of Fe 77 Co 2 Zr 9 B 10 Cu 2 alloy annealed at 600°C for 40 min followed by furnace cooling reaches the minimum value, which is attributed to the small and homogeneous α- Fe ( Co ) grain structure.

scholarly journals Влияние содержания кислорода на локальное окружение атомов Fe в анион-дефицитном SrFeO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
В.Д. Седых ◽  
О.Г. Рыбченко ◽  
А.Н. Некрасов ◽  
И.Е. Конева ◽  
В.И. Кулаков
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intermediate Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mössbauer Data ◽  
Local Oxygen ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure features of polycrystalline anion-deficient ferrite strontium SrFeO3-δ have been investigated for different oxygen content by Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Three structures with a different composition have been prepared depending on heat treatment conditions. Several non-equivalent Fe positions exist within each structure that correspond to different local oxygen environments the relation and distortion degree of which change depending on oxygen quantity. Based on the Mossbauer data obtained an oxygen content has been estimated for each structure. One more the model intermediate composition Sr16Fe16O45 of the SrFeO3-δ compound is proposed.

Structure Evolution of Zirconium Alloys during Deformation/Heat Treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Nikulin ◽  
A.B. Rojnov ◽  
M.M. Peregud
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron

Using transmission electron microscopy, x – ray diffraction analysis, tensile testing and fractography the changes were analyzed that occur in microstructure and tensile properties of E635 alloy annealed after quenching from b – region of phase diagram. The interrelation is demonstrated between microstructure and tensile properties depending on deformation/heat treatment conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation of Electrodeposited WO3 Film with Heat Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 029-032
Author(s):  
Yih-Min Yeh ◽  
Hsiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Deposited Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, we propose an alternative method to fabricate WO3 films as electro chromatic devices (ECDs). To fabricate the electrochromic film, we electrochemically deposit a WO3 film on FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide). The deposited film was crystallized with heat treatment at various temperatures. To investigate the material quality of the film in different deposition and heat treatment conditions, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology. Furthermore, the electrical performance of the film was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the transmittance modulation could still attain above 40% after 1000 times repeated cycles. The electrochromatic behavior has been demonstrated in WO3, electrodeposition, electrochromatic device, cyclic voltammetry, heat treatmentwavelength between 780 nm to 1050 nm.

Phase Constitution and Heat Treatment Behavior of Ti-7mass% Mn-Al Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ikeda ◽  
Masato Ueda ◽  
R. Matsunaga ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Solution Treated

Titanium exhibits many attractive properties. It is considered to be ubiquitous since it has the 9th-highest Clarke number of all the elements. However, the principal beta-stabilizing elements for titanium can be very expensive, making many titanium alloys expensive. Manganese is a beta stabilizer for titanium alloys and it is also considered to be ubiquitous since it has the 11th-highest Clarke number of all the elements. The behavior of Ti-Mn alloys during heat treatment has been investigated and it was found that in some alloys the isothermal omega phase is precipitated. Because this phase can lead to brittleness, it is very important to suppress its precipitation. Since it is well-known that aluminum suppresses isothermal omega precipitation, we investigated the effect of adding aluminum using Ti-7mass% Mn-0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5mass% Al alloys by performing electrical resistivity, Vickers hardness, and X-ray diffraction measurements. In solution-treated and water-quenched 0 and 1.5 alloys, only beta phase was identified, while hcp martensite and bate phase were identified in 3.0 and 4.5Al alloys. The resistivities at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures were found to increase monotonically with increasing Al content. Isothermal  precipitation was suppressed by aluminum addition, while alpha precipitation was accelerated by Al addition.

scholarly journals Material, Electrical and Optical Analyses of Electrodeposited Electrochromatic NiO Film with Heat Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 075-078
Author(s):  
Hsiang Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Hua-Yu Shih ◽  
Jun Yu Lin ◽  
Yih-Min Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Multiple Material ◽  
Deposited Film

In this study, we propose two-step method of electrochemical deposition and heat treatment to fabricate electrochromic NiO films. A precursor NiO film was electro-deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Then, the deposited film was crystallized with heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the crystalline structure and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphologyfor the film in different deposition and heat treatment conditions. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and optical performance of the film was evaluated. Based on multiple material and optical analysis, the film grown with plating solution with a pH value of 8.0 treated by heat treatment at 500ºC was the most desirable electro chromatic film. The fabricated NiO electrochromic film shows promise for use in future device applications.

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

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