The History and Scientific Analysis of Pre-1856 Eastern Woodlands Quillwork Dyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACTNative American quillwork is well documented in art historical and anthropological literature. Methods for folding quills to create floral and abstract designs are addressed, but studies of the materials used to color the quills are conspicuously absent. This is particularly true for the pre-aniline dyes used by communities east of the Mississippi, as historical recipes tend to be more reflective of Plains and Pacific Northwest quillwork traditions. Research to derive quill dye baths from raw materials has and continues to be pursued, but no large-scale scientific analysis of existing quillwork has previously been undertaken. To address this literature gap, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis project has been completed on early quillwork in the collections of the McCord Museum, the National Museum of the American Indian, and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology; reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence were also used as complementary techniques and to investigate the use of metal salts as quill stains. An extensive literature review provides a historical understanding of pre-1856 quillwork dyes; this representation will be compared with the usage patterns suggested by the collections’ analysis. A more complete understanding of Native dye technology, addressing assumptions currently made with regards to the use of mordants, mixing of multiple dyestuffs in a single bath, and incorporation of “Old World” dyes, will also be presented.

scholarly journals Early copper metallurgy in Northern Chile

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Maldonado ◽  
Thilo Rehren ◽  
Ernst Pernicka ◽  
Lautaro Núñez ◽  
Alexander Leibbrandt
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
Materials Used

The Central Andean region of South America has a long tradition of mining and metallurgy. Such activities were fundamental to the economic, socio-political and ideological dynamics of the pre-Columbian cultures that inhabited this area. In spite of their importance, few archaeological investigations of metallurgy have been carried out in the Central Andes in general, and in current Chilean territory in particular. The present project investigates archaeometallurgical sites in northern Chile using scientific analysis, as a first step towards a large-scale map of prehistoric copper production and exchange across South America. This research involves documentation and sampling of already excavated archaeological materials from a number of copper-producing sites located in the Atacama District. Preliminary results of XRF analysis of artefacts from the collection of the R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum, San Pedro de Atacama, have been obtained and enabled us to characterise the different elements present in the metal objects. These results might provide information on the nature of the raw materials used.

Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova ◽  
Vassil Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Late Chalcolithic ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

scholarly journals Co-Localization of Crotamine with Internal Membranes and Accentuated Accumulation in Tumor Cells

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Mambelli-Lisboa ◽  
Juliana Mozer Sciani ◽  
Alvaro Rossan Brandão Prieto da Silva ◽  
Irina Kerkis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Spastic Paralysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Wide Range

Crotamine is a highly cationic; cysteine rich, cross-linked, low molecular mass cell penetrating peptide (CPP) from the venom of the South American rattlesnake. Potential application of crotamine in biomedicine may require its large-scale purification. To overcome difficulties related with the purification of natural crotamine (nCrot) we aimed in the present study to synthesize and characterize a crotamine analog (sCrot) as well investigate its CPP activity. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates that sCrot and nCrot have equal molecular mass and biological function—the capacity to induce spastic paralysis in the hind limbs in mice. sCrot CPP activity was evaluated in a wide range of tumor and non-tumor cell tests performed at different time points. We demonstrate that sCrot-Cy3 showed distinct co-localization patterns with intracellular membranes inside the tumor and non-tumor cells. Time-lapse microscopy and quantification of sCrot-Cy3 fluorescence signalss in living tumor versus non-tumor cells revealed a significant statistical difference in the fluorescence intensity observed in tumor cells. These data suggest a possible use of sCrot as a molecular probe for tumor cells, as well as, for the selective delivery of anticancer molecules into these tumors.

scholarly journals Large-scale identification of protein histidine methylation in human cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kapell ◽  
Magnus E Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
System Level ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Arginine Residues ◽  
Sequence Requirements ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Methylation can occur on histidine, lysine and arginine residues in proteins and often serves a regulatory function. Histidine methylation has recently attracted attention through the discovery of the human histidine methyltransferase enzymes SETD3 and METTL9. There are currently no methods to enrich histidine methylated peptides for mass spectrometry analysis and large-scale studies of the modification are hitherto absent. Here, we query ultra-comprehensive human proteome datasets to generate a resource of histidine methylation sites. In HeLa cells alone, we report 299 histidine methylation sites as well as 895 lysine methylation events. We use this resource to explore the frequency, localization, targeted domains, protein types and sequence requirements of histidine methylation and benchmark all analyses to methylation events on lysine and arginine. Our results demonstrate that histidine methylation is widespread in human cells and tissues and that the modification is over-represented in regions of mono-spaced histidine repeats. We also report colocalization of the modification with functionally important phosphorylation sites and disease associated mutations to identify regions of likely regulatory and functional importance. Taken together, we here report a system level analysis of human histidine methylation and our results represent a comprehensive resource enabling targeted studies of individual histidine methylation events.

Study on the Viability of Using Drill Cuttings from the Potiguar Basin in the Production of Ceramic Products: Influence of Concentration and Firing Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Coutinho Medeiros ◽  
Ana P.C. Câmara ◽  
Daniel A. Macedo ◽  
D.M.A. Melo ◽  
Marcus A.F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Materials Used

Drill cuttings are wastes produced on a large scale during the drilling of oil wells. Although there are several treatment techniques, there is still no consensus on which one are the best for the economy and environmental. On the other hand, one of the alternatives for the reuse of this waste, and purpose of the present study, is the incorporation of drill cuttings in clay matrixes. The raw materials used in this work, a mixture of clays and drill cuttings, were investigated by two basic techniques of characterization. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. In order to evaluate the effect of the content of drill cuttings on the technological properties of sintered ceramics, different formulations containing from 0 wt.% to 100 wt.% of drill cuttings in a clay matrix were obtained. Ceramic samples were obtained by firing at temperatures ranging from 850 °C to 1050 °C. The fired specimens were characterized by water absorption, firing linear shrinkage, resistance to bending three points and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results indicated that the incorporation of drill cuttings is a viable alternative for the manufacture of several ceramics products, such as solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks, at certain concentrations and firing temperatures.

Application of IOT (Internet of Things) Technology in Chemical Testing with Large-Scale Analysis Instruments

2014 ◽  
Vol 701-702 ◽  
pp. 475-479
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Chen ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Yan Gang Han
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Intelligent Methods ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
Chemical Testing ◽  
Standard Development

In the field of chemical testing, it is of great importance to improve the accuracy and efficiency and reduce the risk caused by artificial factor with modern intelligent methods, which are critical to the standard development of testing labs. In this paper, intelligent control during the whole process of chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis with cloud computing technology was realized and discussed in detail. The intelligent testing system could be applied to the chemical analysis labs and spread to other fields.

Prediction and collection of protein–metabolite interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Xi Zeng ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
The Rich

Abstract Interactions between proteins and small molecule metabolites play vital roles in regulating protein functions and controlling various cellular processes. The activities of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, transporters and membrane receptors can all be mediated through protein–metabolite interactions (PMIs). Compared with the rich knowledge of protein–protein interactions, little is known about PMIs. To the best of our knowledge, no existing database has been developed for collecting PMIs. The recent rapid development of large-scale mass spectrometry analysis of biomolecules has led to the discovery of large amounts of PMIs. Therefore, we developed the PMI-DB to provide a comprehensive and accurate resource of PMIs. A total of 49 785 entries were manually collected in the PMI-DB, corresponding to 23 small molecule metabolites, 9631 proteins and 4 species. Unlike other databases that only provide positive samples, the PMI-DB provides non-interaction between proteins and metabolites, which not only reduces the experimental cost for biological experimenters but also facilitates the construction of more accurate algorithms for researchers using machine learning. To show the convenience of the PMI-DB, we developed a deep learning-based method to predict PMIs in the PMI-DB and compared it with several methods. The experimental results show that the area under the curve and area under the precision-recall curve of our method are 0.88 and 0.95, respectively. Overall, the PMI-DB provides a user-friendly interface for browsing the biological functions of metabolites/proteins of interest, and experimental techniques for identifying PMIs in different species, which provides important support for furthering the understanding of cellular processes. The PMI-DB is freely accessible at http://easybioai.com/PMIDB.

scholarly journals Polyester Polymeric Nanoparticles as Platforms in the Development of Novel Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3387
Author(s):  
Enrique Niza ◽  
Alberto Ocaña ◽  
José Antonio Castro-Osma ◽  
Iván Bravo ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Many

Many therapeutic agents have failed in their clinical development, due to the toxic effects associated with non-transformed tissues. In this context, nanotechnology has been exploited to overcome such limitations, and also improve navigation across biological barriers. Amongst the many materials used in nanomedicine, with promising properties as therapeutic carriers, the following one stands out: biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Polymeric nanoparticles are ideal candidates for drug delivery, given the versatility of raw materials and their feasibility in large-scale production. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles show great potential for easy surface modifications to optimize pharmacokinetics, including the half-life in circulation and targeted tissue delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of the current applications of polymeric nanoparticles as platforms in the development of novel nanomedicines for cancer treatment. In particular, we will focus on the raw materials that are widely used for polymeric nanoparticle generation, current methods for formulation, mechanism of action, and clinical investigations.

scholarly journals Large-scale identification of protein histidine methylation in human cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kapell ◽  
Magnus E. Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
System Level ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Arginine Residues ◽  
Sequence Requirements ◽  
Level Analysis

ABSTRACTMethylation can occur on histidine, lysine and arginine residues in proteins and often serves a regulatory function. Histidine methylation has recently attracted notable attention through the discovery of the human histidine methyltransferase enzymes SETD3 and METTL9. There are currently no methods to enrich histidine methylated peptides for mass spectrometry analysis and large-scale analyses of the modification are hitherto absent. In the present study we query ultra-comprehensive proteomic datasets to generate a resource of histidine methylation sites in human cells. We use this resource to explore the frequency, localization, targeted domains, protein types and sequence requirements of histidine methylation and benchmark all analyses to methylation events on lysine and arginine. Our results demonstrate that histidine methylation is widespread in human cells and tissues and that the modification is over-represented in regions of mono-spaced histidine repeats. We also report colocalization of the modification with functionally important phosphorylation sites and disease associated mutations to identify regions of likely regulatory and functional importance. Taken together, we here report a system level analysis of human histidine methylation and our results represent a comprehensive resource enabling targeted studies of individual histidine methylation events.

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