Comparison of 200 Liter and 40 Milliliter Leach Tests

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Westsik ◽  
C. O. Harvey ◽  
F. P. Roberts ◽  
W. A. Ross ◽  
R. E. Thornhill
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leach Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scale Test

ABSTRACTDuring the past year we have conducted a modified MCC-1 leach test on a 145 kg block of a cast cement waste form. The leach vessel was a 200 liter Teflon®-lined drum and contained 97.5 liters of deionized water. The results of this large-scale leach test were compared with the results of standard MCC-1 tests (40 ml) on smaller samples of the same waste form. The ratio of leachate volumes between the large and small scale tests was 2500 and the ratio of sample masses was 150,000. The cast cement samples for both tests contained plutonium-doped incinerator ash.The leachates from these tests were analyzed for both plutonium and the matrix elements. Evaluation of plutonium plateout in the large-scale test indicated that the majority of the plutonium leached from the samples deposits onto vessel walls and little (<3 × 10−12M) remains in solution. Comparison of elemental concentrations in the leachates indicates some differences up to 5X in the concentration in the large- and small-scale tests. The differences are attributed to differences in the solubilities of Ca, Si, and Fe at pH ˜11.5 and at pH ˜12.5. The higher pH observed for the large-scale test is a result of the larger quantities of sodium in the large block of cement.

Large Scale Leach Testing of Dwpf Canister Sections

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis F. Bickford ◽  
Daniel J. Pellarin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glass Product ◽  
Leach Test ◽  
Sampling Statistics

AbstractA Large-Scale Leach Test Facility (LSLTF) has been constructed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) to perform static leach tests on 24-inch (610 mm)-diameter canister sections cut from simulated (nonradioactive) waste forms cast under reference conditions. The equipment and test procedures are designed to closely correspond to MCC-l leach test criteria.Less than a factor of 3 increase in leachability results from combined scale-up, glass-cracking, leached surface area estimation, and surface roughness effects. This factor is dominated by surface roughness of saw cut surfaces. The factor is negligible when compared to the 200,000/1 ratio of glass sample masses.The MCC-l, and other small-scale leach tests have been valuable in determining the relative merits of alternative waste form compositions. However, the actual waste glass to be stored in repositories is subject to fracture, devitrification, and container/glass interactions, which are difficult to simulate on a laboratory scale. Large-scale leach tests integrate these and other possible waste form characteristics that are not represented in typical small samples.The facility, equipment, test method and results of one year leach test- ing are discussed. These results substantiate the applicability of small scale test data which precede this work, and the use of small scale tests to simulate leaching of the Defense Waste Processing Facility's borosilicate glass product. Exceptionally good sampling statistics make the large scale data particularly well suited for verification of models of leachability rates.

Corrosion Testing of Armour Wire in Simulated Annulus Environments of Flexible Pipelines: An Update

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Clements ◽  
Andrew D. Ethridge
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Condensed Water ◽  
Test Cells ◽  
Sour Service ◽  
First Time ◽  
Permeation Models

This paper describes further investigations, utilising small scale test cells, into the general corrosion which can occur on wires within the inherent annulus space in a flexible pipe, particularly, and for the first time, in a sour service (H2S containing) environment. The work enhances data presented previously in 2002. Tests have been performed in cells specifically designed to simulate, as closely as possible, the environment and confines of a flexible pipe annulus, using solutions of both deionized water and seawater (to represent seawater flooding and condensed water). The systems were saturated with CO2 and H2S to simulate permeation of gases through the polymer pressure sheath (as predicted by validated permeation models). Weight loss measurements were undertaken in order to quantify the corrosion rate in these simulated annulus environments and metallography was undertaken to characterise the corrosion and check for HIC/SOHIC.

scholarly journals Modifikasi alat cakram untuk proses pembelajaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Laras Gita Kinanti ◽  
Utvi Hinda Zhannisa ◽  
Tubagus Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plate Waste ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Expert Validation

The purpose of this research is to modify a simple disc device for learning physical education. The research method used was the development of Borg & Gall, namely (1) collecting information, (2) developing the initial form (in the form of a disc tool model), (3) expert validation testing, namely using 1 validation of athletic experts and one physical education learning expert, and small-scale trials using questionnaires and analysis, (4) revision of the first product design, based on the results of experts and small-scale trials (20 students), (5) field trials (48 students), (6) final product revision, (7) the final result of the modification produced through revision of field trials.The results of expert validation were carried out by 2 validities, namely validation in the field of athletic experts and validation of physical education material experts, and the results obtained in each validity were the first for the validation results in the field of athletic experts getting a percentage of 87.6% calcification (Good) , the second for the validation results in the field of Physical Education material experts got a percentage of 83.0% with the classification (Good). The results of the student questionnaire on a small scale test got a percentage of 86.6% (good). the results of the questionnaire on large-scale test students got a percentage of 81.8% (good).The conclusion and advice is that the development of a modified model of disc throwing tools with iron plate waste media can be used as an alternative to discus throwing. With the modification of disc throwing, teachers and students can be helped in learning discusses, students are interested and more active and excited in learning throw the disc.

scholarly journals Pengembangan model bermain sepakbola untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis anak usia 12 -13 tahun di Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Muna Aprilianto ◽  
Tomoliyus Tomoliyus
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Research Stage

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan buku pedoman bermain sepakbola untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis (semangat, gembira, dan disiplin) anak usia 12-13 tahun di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang terdiri atas dua tahapan yaitu tahap penelitian pendahuluan terdiri dari kajian literatur, kajian penelitian relevan, studi lapangan dan tahap pengembangan terdiri perencanaan, validasi ahli, uji skala kecil, dan uji skala besar. Peneliti ini mengambil sampel dari sekolah sepakbola di Yogyakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Pada uji coba skala kecil dilakukan di SSB Real Madrid melibatkan 10 siswa dan satu orang pelatih. Pada uji coba skala besar dilakukan di dua tempat yaitu di SSB Real Madrid dan SSB Bina Putra Jaya Sleman melibatkan 38 siswa dan dua pelatih. Analsis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil validasi menunjukkan model bermain sepakbola anak usia 12-13 tahun layak untuk diuji cobakan. Berdasarkan Hasil pelaksanaan pada uji coba skala kecil dan besar secara substansi isi dan pelaksanaan tergolong sangat baik. Hasil penilaian efektivitas model tehadap psikologis anak berupa semangat, gembira, dan disiplin mengalami peningkatan: nilai pertemuan kedua lebih tinggi dari pertemuan pertama. Dapat disimpulkan model bermain sepakbola anak usia 12-13 tahun efektif untuk meningkatkan aspek psikologis berupa semangat, gembira, dan disiplin siswa dalam melakukan latihan sepakbola.Kata Kunci: model, bermain, psikologis, sekolah sepakbola Development a playing soccer model to improve the psychological aspects of 12-13 years old children in Yogyakarta AbstractThis research aims to develop a playing soccer model to improve the psychological aspects (spirit, joy, and discipline) of 12-13 years old children in Yogyakarta. This study is a research and development which consists of two stages. The Preliminary research stage and development stage. The Preliminary research stage consisted of a literature review, relevant research studies and field studies. The Development stage consisted of planning, validation expert, small-scale test, and test large scale. The Validation involve three people experts. The sampel of take it from soccer school in Yogyakarta. The small-scale tryout was conducted on 10 students and one coach of Real Madrid Soccer School in Yogyakarta. The large-scale trials were conducted with two soccer school on 38 students and two coach of Yogyakarta Real Madrid Soccer School and Sleman Bina Putra Jaya Soccer School. The resul is a playing soccer model for children aged 12-13 years with the title "Playing Soccer in Practice to Improve Psychological Aspects". Based on the small-scale tryout and the small-scale tryout content implementation aspects are in an excellent category. The Psychological development of students assessment resulting in the form of passion, joy, and discipline in playing soccer show improvement: score of the second meeting is greater than the average score of the first meeting, thus it can be concluded thaat the playing soccer model for children age 12-13 years is effective to improve students’ psychological aspects, including the aspects of spirit, joy, and discipline in doing soccer practice.Keywords: models, play, psychological, soccer school

Four Points Bending Tests on Large Scale Welded Pipes Containing a Through-Wall Defect: Fatigue and Fracture Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bourgeois ◽  
T. Le Grasse ◽  
Y. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Butt Weld ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Fracture Tests

Within the framework of European project STYLE (Structural integrity for lifetime management), fracture tests on two large scale pipes containing a through wall crack have been performed. Two Mock-ups have been tested: MU1 is a narrow gap Inconel Dissimilar Metals, provided and designed by AREVA France, and MU2 is a an austenitic steel butt-weld with a thermally aged weld repair austenitic weld, provided by EDF British Energy. The four-points bending tests were carried out by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), in order to study the mechanical properties and integrity of component such as welding pipes. A through wall crack was machined in the both pipes. After a fatigue pre-cracking step carried out at RT, the monotonic fracture test was performed (at 300°C on MU1). Optical camera and Electrical Potential Drop Method have allowed following the crack growth during fatigue and final fracture stages. The observations made post-mortem showed ductile tearing of a few millimeters in those pipes. The first part of this paper is devoted to the four-points bending tests. The second part of this paper deals with first numerical analysis related to the Mock-up-1. Previous results concerning the mechanical characterizations of the constitutive materials are discussed. Fracture mechanics small scale specimens are interpreted using FE Analysis to obtain the fracture parameters used in global approaches. First computation is shown on the Mock-up-1 in order to predict the behavior of the large scale test mechanical and fracture behavior.

Inclusive and Exclusive Decay of B- Meson

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (37) ◽  
pp. 2873-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Routh ◽  
V. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
B Meson ◽  
Effective Hamiltonian ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Logarithmic Approximation ◽  
Fermion Operator ◽  
Color Dipole ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Exclusive Decay

In our letter we deal with the inclusive and exclusive decay of B- meson. The inclusive b→dγ decay has been considered here including the QCD corrections to the Wilson coefficients and the matrix elements of the operators in the effective Hamiltonian. We calculate the O(αs) virtual corrections to the matrix element for b→dγ, taking into account the contributions of the four-fermion operator O2 and the electromagnetic and color dipole type operators. It drastically reduces the large scale dependence of the leading logarithmic approximation. Moreover, while we are considering the exclusive B-→ρ-γ decay, we have taken into consideration both the short distance as well as long distance contributions. Therefore, we have obtained better result for the partial decay width of B-→ρ-γ.

Impact of Water on the Fatigue Performance of Large-Scale Grouted Connection Tests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schaumann ◽  
Alexander Raba ◽  
Anne Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Impact

Grouted connections represent a common joining technique between substructure and foundation piles of offshore oil & gas platforms as well as of offshore wind turbines. Due to cyclic loads arising from wind and wave actions the fatigue performance of the connection has to be considered. In lattice substructures like jackets the grouted connections are located at seabed level being fully submerged during their entire lifetime. Today’s fatigue design regulations are based on investigations neglecting any influence of the surrounding water since they were conducted in dry ambient conditions. So far, only Germanischer Lloyd gives additional recommendations for submerged grouted connections. At the Institute for Steel Construction, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany investigations of the joint research project ‘GROWup’ focus on the fatigue performance of axially loaded grouted connections. The project is funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi, funding sign: 0325290) and is the third project in a row dealing with grouted connections. As part of this research project, cyclic loading tests on small-scale and large-scale grouted connections with shear keys are conducted. Small-scale fatigue tests showed a reduced number of endurable load cycles for connections when tested in wet ambient conditions. However, the transferability of these findings to a larger scale was still doubtful due to unknown scale effects. Therefore, the impact of water on the fatigue performance was tested recently at large-scale grouted connections. Previous to the submerged large-scale grouted connection fatigue tests, similar test specimens were exposed to alternating loads at dry ambient conditions. Comparison of both large-scale test results under wet and dry conditions enable to estimate the influence of water on the fatigue performance of grouted connections. Reflection of the small-scale test results gives hints on the scale effect. Test preparation, test results and design recommendations are presented in the paper.

Experience and Plans for Rationalization of Small-Scale Fisheries in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
P. C. George
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Small Craft

Small-scale fisheries have traditionally been the backbone of the fishing industry all over the world. Although large-scale mechanized fishing has come into the limelight recently, even such countries as have developed substantial capability in this direction still have a large fleet of small boats in coastal areas. The landings of this sector of the industry are always substantial, and in many countries they still dominate the picture. In India, small-scale fisheries landed almost 1.15 million tons in 1971. This figure has been increasing as motor-powered small craft have increased in numbers, although 70% of marine fish is still caught from nonpowered boats. Measures taken to increase fishing capacity, landings, and net fishermen’s income over the past 10 years include various kinds of loans and subsidies for the purchase of boats, motors, and nets; assistance for the construction of ponds in inland areas; organization of cooperatives; training programs for fishermen and supporting personnel, especially motor repairmen (with the cooperation of Norway); and gear and vessel research including pilot-scale demonstrations with new types of vessels and equipment.

Chemical Durability Study of Synroc-C Ceramics Produced by Through-Melting Method

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kudrin ◽  
B. S. Nikonov ◽  
S. V. Stefanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alkaline Earths

ABSTRACTAn interaction between Synroc-C samples prepared by inductive melting in a cold crucible and deionized water was investigated at room temperature, 100 and 200 °C. The leachability of powdered specimens with grainsize 0.10–0.15 mm was determined by repeated static tests with regular replacement of leachant. The experimental data showed that the most leachable elements are the alkali, alkaline earths and molybdenum. The matrix elements such as titanium, zirconium, and rare earths as well are very leach resistant. Comparison of the calculated leach rates of components with reference data on leaching of alternative materials showed that cesium leachability from the studied specimens are close to borosilicate glass, but leaching behavior of other components is comparable to leachability from Synroc-C prepared by hot-pressing.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PEMBUATAN POLA DASAR BADAN WANITA DENGAN SISTEM DRAPING

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Anggia Sekarini Yosanti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Team Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Media Learning

Purose of the study to find out the steps to delevlop videomedia making body pattern woman with draping system. Research development using team theory puslijaknov which includes 5 stages namely product analsyis to be developed, develop the intial product, validation exprest and revisions, small scale trials and revisions, large-scale trials and products end. Reserarch instruments use sheet use of media in learning. Techique descriptive analysis. Research result shows the development of video media learning through: product analysis that is requirements for the type of developments. Step observations to reveal the use of the syllabus analysis and analysis of developing media, the intial product is the process of making a video validation process for experst to find out the feasibility of the media, test small scale implementation of learning use video that was revoked 2 observer with good results, large scale test implementation of learning using video which was observed by observers with the results are very good.

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