Structuring of Silicon Wafer Surfaces on the Sub-100 nm Scale by Hydrogen Plasma Treatments

2003 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Job ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
A. G. Ulyashin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Czochralski Silicon ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wafer Surfaces

ABSTRACTHydrogen plasma treatments applied on standard Czochralski silicon (Cz Si) wafers cause a structuring of the surface regions on the sub-100 nm scale, i.e. a thin ‘nano-structured’ Si layer is created up to a depth of ∼ 150 nm. The formation of the ‘nano-structures’ and their evolution in dependence on the process conditions was studied. The impact of post-hydrogenation annealing on the morphology of the structural defects was studied up to 1200 °C. The H-plasma treated and annealed samples were analyzed at surface and sub-surface regions by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and μ-Raman spectroscopy.

Influence of deposition chamber pressure and substrate temperature on the properties of fluorescent blue and phosphorescent red OLED deposited by OVPD

2008 ◽  
Vol 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp van Gemmern ◽  
Christoph Zimmermann ◽  
Phenwisa Niyamakom ◽  
Matthias Wuttig ◽  
Sabine Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Deposition Chamber ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLED) offer the potential to replace conventional light sources such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes. The question which thin-film technology is most favorable to produce OLED on an industrial scale is still unanswered. The most established technology for the deposition of small-molecule organic layers is vacuum thermal evaporation. A comparably novel technology is organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD), which offers some unique features in terms of adjustable process parameters such as deposition chamber pressure (P) and substrate temperature (TS). The impact of these parameters on the morphology of organic single layers as well as on the performance of OLED is mostly unknown. In this work, phosphorescent red OLED were produced with different TS and a strong influence on the device efficiency was found. Atomic force microscopy measurements were conducted to investigate the morphology of the hole injection and hole transport layers of the devices deposited at different TS. In addition to this, the influence of TS and P on the performance of fluorescent blue OLED and the morphology of organic single layers was tested. By varying TS and P for the emission layer only, current efficiencies in the range from 4.3 to 6.8 cd/A were found despite the fact that all devices had the same structure. Atomic force microscopy measurements conducted on organic single layers which were deposited at the same process conditions showed rms values ranging from 1.4 to 57 nm.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Analysis in the COVID-19 Era: Insights on Serum Inactivation Protocols towards Downstream Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Roberto Frigerio ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
Marco Brucale ◽  
Andrea Ridolfi ◽  
Silvia Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mirna Content

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the handling of biological samples from confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals demanded the use of inactivation protocols to ensure laboratory operators’ safety. While not standardized, these practices can be roughly divided into two categories, namely heat inactivation and solvent-detergent treatments. These routine procedures should also apply to samples intended for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) analysis. Assessing the impact of virus-inactivating pre-treatments is therefore of pivotal importance, given the well-known variability introduced by different pre-analytical steps on downstream EVs isolation and analysis. Arguably, shared guidelines on inactivation protocols tailored to best address EVs-specific requirements will be needed among the analytical community, yet deep investigations in this direction have not yet been reported. We here provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 inactivation practices to be adopted prior to serum EVs analysis by comparing solvent/detergent treatment vs. heat inactivation. Our analysis entails the evaluation of EVs recovery and purity along with biochemical, biophysical and biomolecular profiling by means of a set of complementary analytical techniques: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Western Blotting, Atomic Force Microscopy, miRNA content (digital droplet PCR) and tetraspanin assessment by microarrays. Our data suggest an increase in ultracentrifugation (UC) recovery following heat treatment; however, it is accompanied by a marked enrichment in EVs-associated contaminants. On the other hand, solvent/detergent treatment is promising for small EVs (<150 nm range), yet a depletion of larger vesicular entities was detected. This work represents a first step towards the identification of optimal serum inactivation protocols targeted to EVs analysis.

scholarly journals Топография поверхности и оптические характеристики тонких пленок AlN на подложке GaAs (100), полученных методом реактивного ионно-плазменного распыления

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Е.В. Фомин ◽  
А.Д. Бондарев ◽  
A.I. Rumyantseva ◽  
T. Maurer ◽  
Н.А. Пихтин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Antireflection Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Sputtering ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Ion Plasma

AbstractA study of the surface topography and optical characteristics of thin AlN films used as passivating and antireflection coatings deposited on n -GaAs (100) substrates by reactive ion-plasma sputtering is reported. It was found that the process conditions affect the structure and the optical characteristics of the films, which makes it possible to obtain coatings with prescribed parameters. An analysis of the results furnished by ellipsometry and atomic-force microscopy of the surface shows that the refractive index of the films is correlated with the surface structure.

scholarly journals Deswelling Induced Morphological Changes in Dual pH and Temperature Responsive Ultra-Low Crosslinked Poly (N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Co-Acrylic Acid Microgels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Islam ◽  
Maddie Tumbarello ◽  
Andrew Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Ionization State ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Isopropyl Acrylamide ◽  
The Impact

<div>We demonstrated the deswelling induced morphological change in dual pH and Temperature responsive ultra-low crosslinked Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgels. The responsivity with pH and temperature were studied by light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Light scattering data suggest that at pH 4.5 the microgels undergo multiple transitions associated with collapse of pNIPAm-rich segments and repulsion between the AAc-rich segments. The evolution of punctate structures around the periphery or throughout the whole microgels at pH 4.5 and 6.5 respectively was revealed by AFM, further illustrating the heterogeneous deswelling present in the ionized copolymer microgels.</div><div>The impact of this study and understanding how ionization state of copolymer dictates the overall structural properties of microgels will widen our understanding for their applications in biotechnology</div><div><b><br></b></div>

The Impact of Hydrogen Plasma Treatments at Moderate Temperatures on Sintered Zinc Oxide Samples - Evidence for Hydrogen Induced Nano-Void Formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhart Job
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Defect Species

ABSTRACTUsing μ-Raman spectroscopy (μRS) analyses, the impact of hydrogen plasma treatments on sintered zinc oxide (ZnO) samples was investigated. H-plasma exposures (150 W, 13.56 MHz) were carried out for 1 hour at substrate temperatures between 250 °C and 500 °C. μRS reveals that plasma hydrogenated ZnO samples are more defective than non-treated ones. On one hand non-specified defect species are created with a maximal density upon plasma hydrogenation at 350 °C, on the other hand the formation of oxygen vacancies (VO) can be traced. The density of VO defects, appearing upon H-plasma exposure, is not significantly correlated to the applied substrate temperatures. μRS also reveals vibration modes of H2 molecules trapped in nano-voids. The μRS results indicate that those nano-voids are created by the coalescence of VO defects.

Growth of 4H-SiC Single Crystals on 6H-SiC Seeds with an Open Backside by PVT Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Tymicki ◽  
Krzysztof Grasza ◽  
Katarzyna Racka ◽  
Marcin Raczkiewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Łukasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Source Materials

4H-SiC single crystals grown by the seeded physical vapour transport method have been investigated. These crystals were grown on 6H-SiC seeds. The influence of the seed temperature, form and granulation of SiC source materials on the stability and efficiency of the 4H polytype growth have been investigated. A new way of the seed mounting - with an open backside - has been used. Crystals obtained were free of structural defects in the form of hexagonal voids. The crystalline structure of SiC crystals was investigated by EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) and X-Ray diffraction methods. Moreover, defects in crystals and wafers cut from these crystals were examined by optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy combined with KOH etching.

WO3:Mo and WO3:Ti Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis: The Influence of Metallic Concentration on Physical Properties: An Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Dwight Acosta ◽  
Francisco Hernández ◽  
Alejandra López-Suárez ◽  
Carlos Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron

WO3:Mo and WO3:Ti thin films have been deposited on FTO/Glass substrates by the pulsed chemical spray technique at a substrate temperature of Ts= 450°C. The influence of Mo and Ti doping on the structural, electrical, and optical behavior of WO3thin films, has been studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Ultra Violet and Visible Spectrometry (UV-VIS), and Surface Conductivity Methods (Four Points). Doped WO3films presents similar polycrystalline structures but with noticeable modifications in surface configurations at micrometric and nanometric levels, as the Mo and Ti concentration is systematically increased in the starting sprayed solution. From processed High-Resolution Electron Micrographs (HREM), a low density of structural defects was found on pure and doped WO3grains. This lead to conclude that variations in films surface characteristics are mainly related with metallic doping concentrations which in turn, have noticeable influence in electrical and optical behaviors reported in this work.

scholarly journals Effects of suspended micro- and nanoscale particles on zooplankton functional diversity of drainage system reservoirs at an open-pit mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Goździejewska ◽  
Monika Gwoździk ◽  
Sławomir Kulesza ◽  
Mirosław Bramowicz ◽  
Jacek Koszałka
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Suspension Parameters ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water from mining drainage is turbid because of suspensions. We tested the hypothesis that the chemical composition as well as shape and size of particles in suspensions of natural origin affect the density and functional diversity of zooplankton. The suspensions were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. Elements found in the beidellite clays were also identified in the mineral structure of the particles. As the size of the microparticles decreased, the weight proportions of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine increased in the suspensions. These conditions facilitated the biomass growth of large and small microphages and raptorials. As the size of the nanoparticles decreased, the shares of silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium increased. These conditions inhibited raptorials the most. Ecosystem functionality was the highest with intermediate suspension parameters, which were at the lower range of the microphase and the upper range of the nanophase. The functional traits of zooplankton demonstrate their potential for use as sensitive indicators of disruptions in aquatic ecosystems that are linked with the presence of suspensions, and they facilitate gaining an understanding of the causes and scales of the impact of suspensions.

Protective Coating Based on Organic Silicon Polymer of Ladder Structure Nanostructured with Alkoxysilane

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 580-584
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Chukhlanov ◽  
O.G. Selivanov ◽  
N.V. Chukhlanova
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Destruction Kinetics ◽  
The Impact

New materials based on oligooxidridsilmethylensiloxysilane nanostructured with ethyl ester of orthosilicic acid – tetraethoxysilane have been studied in the research. Tetraethoxysilane introduction into the composition is supposed to cause its decomposition up to nanoparticles of silicon oxide. The alkoxysilane hydrolytic destruction kinetics and the impact of the composition and nature of the polymer composition components on the physical properties have been studied. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the structurization kinetics of the polymer composition. The composition hydrophobicity was determined by the edge wetting angle. To study the adhesion characteristics of the obtained material, the method of disc separation from the substrate has been used. The relative rigidity has been determined by a pendulum device M3. Atomic force microscopy revealed the presence of nanoscale neoplasms (at average of one hundred twenty per one square micrometer) in diameter from two to five nanometers in the surface structure of the composition, modified with tetraethoxysilane. Herewith the physical properties of the material change: rigidity increases, the edge angle of wetting increases as well. The studied nanostructured compositions can also be applied. For example – they can be used as a protective coating with a set of special properties, such as high hydrophobicity.

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