Borosilicate Glass: Future Research Requirements or “What We Don't Know”

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grambow
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Backfill Materials ◽  
Deep Underground

Borosilicate glass is the principal solid matrix for immobilizing 99% of the highly radioactive, heat-generating nuclides extracted by reprocessing spent nuclear fuel. Production of the glass has begun in several countries, yet no final disposal site is available anywhere in the world. This is due partly to political issues and partly to the difficulties of credibly demonstrating that nuclear waste can be safely isolated in deep underground repositories for hundreds of generations. The release of hazardous quantities of radionuclides from a repository is prevented by a multiple barrier containment system, including a central engineered system consisting of the canistered glass, an overpack, and backfill materials. If the glass could retain all radionuclides upon contact with groundwater, it would not be necessary to demonstrate that geological isolation is safe. However, the glass corrodes slowly in water and humid air, and inevitably, certain quantities of radionuclides are mobilized. The glass is not inherently corrosion-resistant, but rather depends on the waste package and on surrounding geochemical and hydrological constraints. The difficulty is predicting the release/retention of radionuclides for long time periods while considering the interactions with other engineered and natural barriers.

Assessments of User Comments With “Alternative Views” as a Function of Media Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

Organic and Trace Metal Pollution in the Sediments of the Kishon River (Israel) and Possible Influence on the Marine Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cohen ◽  
N. Kress ◽  
H. Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
River System ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Lower Reach ◽  
Deposition Area ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Sediment Particles

The sediments of the lower reach of the Kishon river, its harbors and estuary, sampled in 1989-1991, were highly polluted by trace metals and petroleum derived compounds released by the adjacent industries. The contamination was highest in the sediment deposition area of the Kishon fishing harbor and decreased seaward. River-borne pollution was also evident in Haifa Bay opposite the Kishon estuary. Contaminants trapped in the sediments of the lower Kishon river system can reach the marine environment through bottom transport of sediment particles and also as a result of disposal at sea of dredge spoils from the river channel and harbors. On the basis of the findings of the study, it was recommended to stop the long-time practice of dumping dredge spoils from the Kishon fishing harbor into the relatively clean Haifa Bay and to use instead an offshore deep water disposal site.

scholarly journals Chiming In: A Computer-Assisted Analysis of Popular Musicians’ Political Engagement on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110190
Author(s):  
Josephine Lukito ◽  
Luis Loya ◽  
Carlos Dávalos ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
Chau Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Christian Music ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Assisted Analysis

While music as an artistic form is well studied, the individuals behind the art receive relatively less attention. In this article, we provide evidence of celebrity advocacy with a systematic examination of musicians’ political engagement on Twitter. This study estimates the extent to which musicians use Twitter for political purposes, with particular attention to whether such engagement varies across music genres. Through a computational-assisted analysis of 2,286,434 tweets, we group 881 musicians into three categories of political engagement on Twitter: not engaged (comprising the majority of artists), circumstantial engagement, and active political engagement. We examine the latter categories in detail with two qualitative case studies. The findings indicate that musicians from different genres have distinct patterns of political engagement. The Christian music genre shows the most engagement as a whole, especially in philanthropy. On the contrary, the most active accounts are rock and hip-hop artists, some of whom discuss political issues and call for mobilization. We conclude with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Traditional Ulama', Islamic Traditions, and Ngaji Pasanan within the Networked Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-304
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sobirin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Digital Information Technology

In Ramadan, kiai in various pondok pesantren (Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools) conduct lecturing activities known as "Ngaji Pasanan". This tradition has been going on for a long time ago till today. However, since 2017 up to now, it has been seen to be held by taking advantage of digital information technology through live streaming via Facebook, YouTube or other media platforms. In 2020, online “Ngaji Pasanan” has become a trend nationwide. This study aims to reveal the context of the online “Ngaji Pasanan phenomenon, which is carried out by the ulama' in pondok pesantren, by taking two samples, namely K.H. Mustofa Bisri and K.H. Said Aqil Siradj. Data collection and analysis used a netnographic approach. This study found that: First, Ngaji Pasanan of the two traditional Ulama' who used digital media were actually conducted offline, but were mediated by the internet and broadcast online. Second, through the online “Ngaji Pasanan”, the two traditional Ulama' not only convey the teachings in the kitab kuning but also contextualize them into socio-religious issues within the digital world, beside they also produce religious discourses and actual nationalities that are being debated by the public, whether in the online or offline context. Third, the presence of traditional Ulama' in the digital space, on the other hand, has been used by netizens to support their opinions by framing their positions on controversial religious and political issues. Fourth, the presence of traditional ulama' in the digital space is more driven by their insistence on addressing the flow of religious and national discourse in the digital space compared to their affirmation of the use of digital technology to carry out the academic tradition of pondok pesantren in Ramadan, namely "Ngaji Pasanan".

scholarly journals MORINGA OLEIFERA AND ITS RECENT PRACTICE IN FOOD INDUSTRIES - A SUPER FOOD PRODUCT TO BEAT MALNUTRITION: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 882-887
Author(s):  
Chaitali Bose ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Culinary Uses ◽  
Livestock Development

Moringa oleifera commonly known as drumstick tree or horseradish tree is widely distributed in India and other subtropical and tropical parts of the world. Besides its conventional culinary uses, Moringa has profound contribution to herbal medicine, agricultural and livestock development, water purification, bio-fuel production and so on. Being one of the richest sources of different macro and micro nutrients, antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, this miracle tree recently has gained popularity in food processing industry with the aim to curb the sprawling malnutrition. In some countries like African countries, either fresh or dried Moringa leaf, seed and flower powder are being used to fortify different foods. Improved texture, sensory and nutritional quality and extended shelf life of the target products have been making this tree important for food industry. So the aim of this review is to reveal the present application of Moringa as food fortificant in food processing industries in different countries, factors those restrain its further applicability and also to focus on the need of future research in this regard.

scholarly journals Access to Information About Stuttering and Societal Knowledge of Stuttering

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Gabel ◽  
Tim Brackenbury ◽  
Farzan Irani
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Long Time

The purpose of this study was to examine societal knowledge of stuttering, access to information sources, and the influence of information sources on knowledge of stuttering. 185 participants from Northwest Ohio were surveyed. Results of the study indicated that the general public varies in their knowledge of stuttering and that majority of participants had not accessed information about stuttering, and the few who had, did so a long time ago. Finally, access to information sources had little influence on knowledge of stuttering. Implications for future research are discussed.

A Mini-Review on Nanostructured g-C3N4 Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Selase Akple ◽  
Gabriel Kwame Sipi Takyi
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Electronic Band Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Solar Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Electron Hole Pair ◽  
Photocatalytic Material ◽  
Solar Fuel Generation

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an important photocatalytic material that receives a lot of research attention globally. This is because of its favourable thermal and chemical stability as well as electronic band structure. However, the photocatalytic performance of the bulk g-C3N4 is limited by fast recombination of electron-hole pair and poor visible light-harvesting ability. Thus, different strategies, such as heterostructuring, nanotuning, doping, etc., have been adopted to overcome the aforementioned challenges to enhance the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4. In recent times, various nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalytic materials with various tuned morphologies have been designed and fabricated in literature for different photocatalytic activities. This mini-review summarized the progress development of nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various tuned morphologies for solar fuel generation. The article briefly highlights the research status of various g-C3N4 with tuned morphologies and enhanced solar fuel generation abilities. Finally, a conclusion and future research were also suggested, opening up new areas on g-C3N4 photocatalysis.

The Effectiveness of Multiple Media Tools in L2 Listening

2019 ◽  
pp. 585-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Kang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
First Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Multiple Media ◽  
L2 Listening

Due to the nature of listening, multiple media tools (e.g., audiocassette players, radio, video, multimedia, and language laboratory) have been utilized in second language (L2) listening instruction for a long time. This chapter recruited the most recently published empirical studies and meta-analyzed available evidence on the effects of different multiple media tools on L2 listening comprehension. The results revealed a medium-to-large effect of multiple media tools on listening comprehension in between-group designs (Cohen's d = .69). The effects of individual multiple media tools have also been statistically synthesized. Further, moderator analysis could help L2 educators and test developers make decisions on applying different multiple media tools in the fields of L2 instruction and assessment. Specifically, subtitles (in the first language/L1) /captions (in the source language/L2), as well as self-regulated listening and slow speed, are recommended to teachers and test developers as a means to improve learners' listening comprehension. In the end, this chapter concludes by identifying potential areas for future research.

Visualizing the History and Perspectives of Disaster Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Hao ◽  
Yunling Liu ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
Jingchen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the development of disaster medicine and to identify the main obstacles to improving disaster medicine research and application.Methods:A topic search strategy was used to search the Web of Science Core Collection database. The 100 articles with the highest local citation scores were selected for bibliometric analysis; summarizing informetric indicators; and preparing a historiography, themes network, and key word co-occurrence map.Results:The 100 articles with the highest local citation scores were published from 1983 to 2013 in 9 countries, mainly in the United States. The most productive authors were Koenig and Rubinson. The lead research institution was Columbia University. The most commonly cited journal was the Annals of Emergency Medicine. The development of disaster medicine could be separated into 3 consecutive periods. All results indicate that the development of disaster medicine faces some obstacles that need to be addressed.Conclusions:Research works have provided a solid foundation for disaster medicine, but its development has been in a slow growth period for a long time. Obstacles to the development of disaster medicine include the lack of scientist communities, transdisciplinary research, innovative research perspectives, and continuous research. Future research should overcome these obstacles so as to make further advances in this field.

scholarly journals Biosensors for D-Amino Acids: Detection Methods and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Elena Rosini ◽  
Paola D’Antona ◽  
Loredano Pollegioni
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Selective Determination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Science Investigations

D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are only present in low amounts in nature, frequently at trace levels, and for this reason, their biological function was undervalued for a long time. In the past 25 years, the improvements in analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, HPLC, and capillary electrophoresis, allowed to detect D-AAs in foodstuffs and biological samples and to attribute them specific biological functions in mammals. These methods are time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for online application; however, life science investigations and industrial applications require rapid and selective determination of D-AAs, as only biosensors can offer. In the present review, we provide a status update concerning biosensors for detecting and quantifying D-AAs and their applications for safety and quality of foods, human health, and neurological research. The review reports the main challenges in the field, such as selectivity, in order to distinguish the different D-AAs present in a solution, the simultaneous assay of both L- and D-AAs, the production of implantable devices, and surface-scanning biosensors. These innovative tools will push future research aimed at investigating the neurological role of D-AAs, a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace.

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