Salt sensitivity of low solid content bentonite suspension as influenced by lignocellulosic nanomaterial and polyanionic cellulose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meen S. Koo ◽  
Danbee Lee ◽  
Sunyoung Lee ◽  
Martin A. Hubbe ◽  
Qinglin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Bentonite Suspension

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

Water immersion and salt-sensitivity in essential hypertension

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coruzzi ◽  
L. Musiari ◽  
G. L. Mossini ◽  
R. Ceriati ◽  
A. Novarini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Salt Sensitivity

A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
M. Kuroshima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

Role of Phospholipase D Inhibitor in Regulating Expression of Senescencerelated Phospholipase D gene in Postharvest Longan Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Jiemin Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Ping Yi ◽  
Changbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Pericarp Browning

Background: Phospholipase D (PLD)is closely related to browning and senescence of postharvest longan fruit. Objective: This study investigated the effects of 2-butanol (a PLD inhibitor) on the expression and regulation of PLD during storage of longan fruit at a low temperature. Methods: Senescence-related quality indices showed that the 2-butanol-treated fruit presented lower pericarp browning index, pulp breakdown index and total soluble solid value than the untreated fruit. Results: The fruit treated by 60 µL/L 2-butanol exhibited the strongest inhibition on senescence, which significantly delayed changes in weight, titratable acidity content, total soluble solid content and ascorbic acid content. This treatment maintained a high level of total phenolic content and caused significant inhibition on pericarp browning and pulp breakdown. Through ELISA method, 60 µL/L 2-butanol treatment also reduced PLD activity. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that PLD mRNA expression level was inhibited by 60 µL/L 2-butanol within 15 days. Western-blotting results further confirmed the differential expression of PLD during storage, and a relatively higher expression for PLD protein was found in control compared to the 2-butanoltreated fruit during 15-d storage. Conclusion: These results provided a scientific basis and reference to further investigating postharvest longan quality maintenance by regulating the PLD gene expression.

Standard manufacturing process of Lekhana Putapaka

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejoice N. Macwan ◽  
Vaishnav P. U. ◽  
L. B. Singh ◽  
B. L. Umrethiya ◽  
B. D. Kalasariya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Physico Chemical

Putapaka is one of the best local and effective applications for the treatment of eye disorders. Putapaka when used properly then it will treat burning sensation, inflammation, pain, feeling of friction, discharges, itching sensation, stickiness, muddy secretions and congestion of blood vessels. In classics there are three types of Putapaka are described Snehana Putapaka, Lekhana Putapaka and Ropana Putapaka. Lekhana Putapaka is prepared mainly with the help of Lekhana Dravyas. It is used for scrapping of the Doshas. Lekhana Putapaka is composed of the liver and flesh of wild animals with the drugs of Lekhana group and Lauha Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma, Shankha Bhasma, Saindhava, Samudrafena, Kasisa, Srotanjana and Dadhi Mastu. In this study, the ingredients for Lekhana Putapaka has been taken as per the reference of Sushruta Samhita but prepared by some modification (in pressure cooker). The yield of three batches of Putapaka was 85ml, 90ml and 100 ml respectively. The physico-chemical parameters like pH, specific gravity and solid content and phytochemical parameters like glycocides, saponin, tannin, steroids, amino acids, proteins etc has been carried out.

scholarly journals Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywood Modified with Different Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Juris Grinins ◽  
Vladimirs Biziks ◽  
Brendan Nicholas Marais ◽  
Janis Rizikovs ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Commercial Resin ◽  
D 20

This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).

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