scholarly journals Institutional bases of household income dispersion in Poland and in France. A retrospective analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Ewa Gruszewska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Income Dispersion

Household income dispersion in Poland is growing systematically. Since the late 1970s, the Gini index has increased from 0.252 (1975) to 0.313 (2016). At the same time in France, the ratio has dropped from 0.34 (late 1970s) to 0.293 (2016). A higher income dispersion is also observed among various occupations and across genders. The ratio of minimum to average wages has increased from 33.7% (1975) to 45.45% (2019). The research period covers the period of the centrally planned economy in Poland, when income leveling was an effect of government policy, and that of the market economy, which caused significant income disparities. The research problem is the growing household income dispersion in Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the institutional sources of increasing income dispersion. The study involved a comparative analysis of income dispersion in the years 1975–2017 in the context of institutional changes taking place in these countries, especially after 1990. The author applied a hypothetico-deductive method. Having analysed income dispersion, the author made a hypothesis regarding the influence of institutional changes on this phenomenon and presented the groups of institutional factors. The conducted research indicated inequalities in Poland grew mainly as a result of high dynamics in the income of the highest earners (top 10% and 1%). The social policy of the Polish government may have had little impact on this factor. Moreover, the distributional effects of taxes and transfers were slightly weaker in Poland than in France. An increase in the scale of acceptance of the inequality level in Poland over the past few years is noteworthy. In France, the public opposition to inequality is growing, even though income inequality is lower than in many European countries.

The Image of People and Property Security Personnel as Perceived by the Residents of Słupsk city

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Janusz Gierszewski
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Social Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness

Security as a social category is realised intuitively (subjectively) and is not always subject to unambiguous (objective) assessments. The perception of various formations tasked with ensuring public security and order gives rise to extreme assessments, sparking numerous discussions on how to judge their functioning. In today’s world, it is hardly surprising that various services (including private services) operate in cities, ensuring the security of the residents. The aim of the article is to analyse the basic components which shape the social image of people and property security services in the public consciousness of the inhabitants of Słupsk – a medium-sized city in Poland . This has been researched on the basis of empirical surveys (questionnaires) diagnosing the assessment of the work and activities of security personnel. The research problem is the following question: What is the image of people and property security services in the system of security and public order, as perceived by the residents of Słupsk, a medium-sized Polish city? The quantitative research conducted for the purpose of this paper was carried out in the form of a diagnostic survey, and the technique applied were questionnaires.

scholarly journals Convite à emancipação à luz da mediação da informação makerspace e inovações no contexto da biblioteca pública

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Mariana Rodrigues Gomes de Mello ◽  
Everton da Silva Camillo ◽  
Leda Maria Araújo ◽  
Fabiana Sala ◽  
Rosemari Pereira dos Santos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Number Of Publications

The public library brings with itself the social dimension, which creates a space for training and social change. However, society requires innovations and libraries are part of this context. Thus, this work is justified by understanding the role that public libraries have for society. It lacks spaces for access to innovative technologies and information mediation actions. To make the research feasible, the research problem consists on the following question: to what extent do the investigations on public libraries aim at increasing innovation and makerspaces to reinforce their social function? Then, the aim of this study is to ascertain the number of publications in scientific journals that relate innovation and the makerspace in the emancipatory context of public libraries. Methodologically, it was drawn a qualitative and quantitative exploratory research. An exploratory search was carried out in databases considering papers pusblished by authors dealing with the themes, as well as in the abstracts of papers in journals and proceedings in the databases Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) and the Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI). Findings reveal that it lacks the relationship between public libraries, makerspace and information mediation, concomitantly, in investigations in the area of Information Science between the years 2009 and 2019.

scholarly journals Reflexos da proibição de retrocesso na efetividade dos direitos sociais: limites aos limites dos direitos sociais na deflagração de crise econômica / Reflections of the prohibition of social retrogression in the effectiveness of social rights: limits to the social rights limits during an economic crisis deflagration

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogerio Luiz Nery Da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Brum Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Labor Structure ◽  
Scope Of Protection

O presente trabalho tem por tema a efetividade dos direitos sociais e como recorte central a sua vulnerabilidade no cenário de severa crise econômica estatal. Elege-se como problema de pesquisa o risco de perecimento das prestações jurídicas sociais indispensáveis, enfrentando os desdobramentos da proibição de retrocesso na proteção e na efetividade dos direitos sociais. A pesquisa se justifica pela atual conjuntura política e econômica do Brasil, que gradativamente repercute no âmbito de proteção dos direitos sociais. A estrutura do trabalho compreende, em um primeiro momento, uma retomada histórica do reconhecimento dos direitos humanos, dos direitos fundamentais e dos direitos sociais; em seguida, investiga-se a dimensão de efetividade dos direitos sociais com enfoque no princípio da proibição de retrocesso e, por fim, são examinados os reflexos do princípio nominado na proteção e efetividade dos direitos sociais em ambiente de severa e indiscutível crise econômica. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e bibliográfica, aplicou-se o método dedutivo.AbstractThis essay takes for issue the effectiveness of social rights and focus a central view on their vulnerability in the scenario of a severe state economic crisis. It is adopted, as the main research problem, the risk of perishing of indispensable social services, facing the unfolding of prohibition of social retrogression in the protection and effectiveness of social rights. The research is justified by the current political and economic conditions in Brazil, which gradually affects the scope of protection of social rights. The labor structure comprises, at first, an historical revival of recognition of human rights, fundamental rights and social rights; then it is investigated the extent of effectiveness of social rights, focusing on the principle of prohibition of social retrogression and, finally, the consequences of this so called principle on the protection and in the effectiveness of social rights under severe conditions and indisputable economic crisis are examined. To develop this research, it is adopted the qualitative and bibliographical enforcement, applied the deductive method as well.

scholarly journals Accounting for Mexican Income Inequality During the 1990s

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael De Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Income Dispersion

The present study measures the extent to which income disparities in Mexico can be attributed to sectoral asymmetries and differences in skill endowments. The results show that close to 40 per cent of per capita household income inequality in Mexico during the 1990s is attributable to incomes derived from formal self-employment; this refers to entrepreneurial activities, an income factor rarely analyzed in the inequality literature. We show that education endowments (skills) are unevenly distributed among the Mexican population, with positive shifts in the market returns to schooling being associated with increases in inequality. Asymmetries in the distribution of education endowments explain around 20 per cent of overall household income disparities in Mexico during the 1990s. Moreover, the results show that the proportion of inequality attributable to education endowments increased during stable periods and reduced during the 1994--1995 economic crisis. This pattern is mostly explained by shifts in returns to schooling rather than changes in the distribution of skills. Applying the same techniques to decompose within-sector income differences, the study show that skill endowments can account for as much as 25 per cent of differences in earnings, but as little as 10 per cent of income dispersion among formal self-employed workers.

scholarly journals A CONDUÇÃO EFICIENTE DE UM PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO DISCIPLINAR COMO APOIO À GESTÃO PÚBLICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Fernanda Doria ◽  
Francislaine de Almeida Coimbra Strasser ◽  
Fábio Ferreira Morong
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Disciplinary Infractions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Unnecessary Procedures

The article under the auspices of studies aims to elucidate issues pertinent to the Disciplinary Administrative Process (PAD), and an existing disparity with the Inquiry instrument, in order to conceptualize them as connected and opposing spheres. Therefore, the resolution of the project fails to comply with the search for an analysis of the effectiveness, importance and legal basis of the administrative instruments, considering the current legislation, jurisprudence and corresponding doctrines, in order to avoid formation of processes that present defects and nullities, being -the so-called unnecessary to public management. It was possible to obtain by design that the duty of managers in investigating disciplinary infractions, transcends the mere opening of the appropriate administrative procedure. This is because in addition to being associated with public management, the operator must maintain conduct in compliance with constitutional principles, in opening and judging unnecessary procedures. In a conclusive way, it appears that the Public Administration cannot, as an employer, relieve available absences practiced by its employees, even though its labor expression is of enormous quality. The resulting understanding promotes, finally, the opening of such procedures only when based on elements that make their continuity and useful completion essential, in order to satisfy Management's aspirations and desires. Thus, to encourage the study, the applied precept will be the deductive method and the dialectical hermeneutics, starting from a generalization to a particularized question, with the intention of considering the social practices, in the Administrative-Legal scope, in order to explore the means that use the Administration, to stigmatize its administrators.

scholarly journals Socially responsible marketing impact to organizations implementing socially responsibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Paužuolienė ◽  
Daiva Viningienė
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

This, article analyze the social responsible marketing, its benefits and importance of organizations implementing social responsibility. Social marketing is defined as an ethical corporate governance orientation in order to meet the needs of the public, consistent with the public interest. Research problem: what impact and how social responsible marketing makes for organizations implementing social responsibility. Aim of the research. Analyze the impact of social responsible marketing, providing examples of the organizations implementing social responsibility, benefits and importance. Research methods: literature analysis, synthesis, documents analyze. Social responsible organizations examples illustrate how organizations integrate their activities in a social responsible marketing. Emphasis, that social responsible marketing impact on social responsible organization's image, reputation, customer satisfaction with the service / product.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

Nazistowski mord na Żydach w prasie polskich komunistów (1942–1944).

2006 ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Klaus Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right

Facing the decisive struggle between Nazism and Soviet communism for dominance in Europe, in 1942/43 Polish communists sojourning in the USSR espoused anti-German concepts of the political right. Their aim was an ethnic Polish ‘national communism’. Meanwhile, the Polish Workers’ Party in the occupied country advocated a maximum intensification of civilian resistance and partisan struggle. In this context, commentaries on the Nazi judeocide were an important element in their endeavors to influence the prevailing mood in the country: The underground communist press often pointed to the fate of the murdered Jews as a warning in order to make it clear to the Polish population where a deficient lack of resistance could lead. However, an agreed, unconditional Polish and Jewish armed resistance did not come about. At the same time, the communist press constantly expanded its demagogic confrontation with Polish “reactionaries” and accused them of shared responsibility for the Nazi murder of the Jews, while the Polish government (in London) was attacked for its failure. This antagonism was intensified in the fierce dispute between the Polish and Soviet governments after the rift which followed revelations about the Katyn massacre. Now the communist propaganda image of the enemy came to the fore in respect to the government and its representatives in occupied Poland. It viewed the government-in-exile as being allied with the “reactionaries,” indifferent to the murder of the Jews, and thus acting ultimately on behalf of Nazi German policy. The communists denounced the real and supposed antisemitism of their adversaries more and more bluntly. In view of their political isolation, they coupled them together, in an undifferentiated manner, extending from the right-wing radical ONR to the social democrats and the other parties represented in the underground parliament loyal to the London based Polish government. Thereby communist propaganda tried to discredit their opponents and to justify the need for a new start in a post-war Poland whose fate should be shaped by the revolutionary left. They were thus paving the way for the ultimate communist takeover

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document