scholarly journals A study of bioethanol fuel characteristics in the combustion chamber of gasoline engine using magnetization technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6 (109)) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Andi Ulfiana ◽  
Tatun Hayatun Nufus ◽  
Emir Ridwan ◽  
Arifia Ekayuliana ◽  
Cecep Slamet Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Bioethanol Fuel ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Bioethanol is a renewable energy that can replace gasoline, which will run out in the future. This study investigates the influence of magnetization of bioethanol fuel on the fuel combustion temperature in the combustion chamber of a gasoline motor. The fuel used is bioethanol with a composition of E0 (pure gasoline), E10 (10 % bioethanol+90 % gasoline), E20 (20 % bioethanol+80 % gasoline), E30 (30 % bioethanol+70 % gasoline), E40 (40 % bioethanol+60 % gasoline). The fuel passed through the magnet with a magnetic variation of 647.15 Gauss, 847.25 Gauss, 1419.57 Gauss. The temperature sensor used is a K-type thermocouple. The temperature sensor was inserted in the combustion chamber to measure the combustion chamber temperature. The thermocouple data were recorded in Microsoft Excel on a computer using the LabVIEW program via NI-USB 9213 interface. The temperature data recorded is 400 data/second.  The results obtained without exposure to the magnetic field, the lowest peak temperature of 577.1998 °C at E40 and the highest peak temperature of 582.1786 °C at E0. The higher the bioethanol content, the lower the temperature of fuel combustion to the low bioethanol viscosity. The increasing magnetic field strength will increase the combustion temperature; hence the fuel burned quickly and the combustion process is more perfect. The result obtained with the magnetic field exposure, the lowest peak temperature of 577.8347 °C is at E40. The highest peak temperature of 587.36 °C is at E0. The use of a magnetic field in the bioethanol fuel mixture can increase the combustion temperature so that the fuel molecules move freely and the fuel is more easily mixed with oxygen. As more fuel is burned, the combustion of the fuel becomes complete

scholarly journals Combined scheme of solid fuel combustion in low power boilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
M. P. Senchuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Combustion Zone ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Solid Fuel Combustion

Different constructive schemes of solid fuel combustion in heating boilers up to 100 kW with the analysis of their efficiency depending on the quality of the burned solid fuel are considered. It is established that low-power solid fuel boilers with various types of combustion devices depending on the characteristics of the burned fuel and the accepted level of service are used in heat supply systems of premises, buildings and structures: from simple furnaces with manual maintenance to automated combustion devices of complex design. Mostly pre-prepared high-quality fuel is used for combustion: fuel pellets, briquettes, high-quality coal, the high cost of which significantly increases operating costs. In order to reduce capital and operating costs, it is advisable to introduce relatively inexpensive models of low-power heating boilers with an acceptable level of mechanization of combustion technology of cheap fuel, including local, with minimal costs for its preparation. The design of a heating water boiler with a semi-mechanical furnace and a technological scheme of combustion is proposed, which combines the processes of drying, gasification and combustion of fuel in a shaft with a clamping grate and combustion of coke in a layer on a moving grate. It is noted that the periodic supply of fuel in the furnace with a moving grate is maintained the stability of the combustion process in the combustion chamber, in the period between cleaning of ash and slag, without significant changes in the composition of above-layer gases. Due to the smooth movement of the next portion of hot coke from the fuel shaft to the combustion chamber on the rotating grate, conditions are created to maintain the uniformity of the boiler with the normative indicators. A reduction in harmful emissions in the exhaust gases was achieved during the combustion of the reaction fuel by passing a secondary blast of air through a collector and directing it to the combustion zone of light substances at the outlet of the clamping grate. Analytical equations for determining the size of the combustion zone according to the regime and design parameters of the combustion process are given. The efficiency of application of the combined (shaft-layer) technological scheme in low-power boilers was tested during testing of combustion of different quality coal in a semi-mechanical furnace with a rotating grate in the electric coal boiler with a heat output of 50 kW for railway carriages.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGARUH MAGNETISASI BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL TERHADAP KEKUATAN DIELEKTRIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariek Sulistyowati ◽  
Emir Ridwan ◽  
Tatun Hayatun Nufus ◽  
Budi Yuwono ◽  
Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Capacitor Plate ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Magnetic Field

ABSTRACTOne of the efforts to determine the quality of combustion on the egine is the dielectric constant, therefore the purpose of this study is to make a device to test the fuel dielectric constants and observe the effect of the magnetic field strength on the fuel dielectric constant, the dielectric constant measurement is done by measuring the capacitance through a capacitor plate made of copper PCB and LCR measuring instrument. Initial testing uses air as the object at the same time for calibration. Furthermore, the object used is a mixture of biodiesel and diesel fuel. these data are compared between the biodiesel dielectric constant without the influence of magnetism and with biodiesel fuel which is influenced by magnetic fields. The measurement results show thatThe dielectric constant value of the frequency range 0 Hz to 550 Hz has fluctuations up and down so that the value is random. The frequency range of 600 Hz to 2000 Hz dielectric constant tends to decrease exponentially as frequency increases. The greater the magnetic field given to the biodiesel fuel, the smaller the dielectric constant value. this means that the moment of the dipole is more directed so that the combustion process can take place better.Key words : magnet field, biodiesel, dielectric constanta.ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengetahui kualitas pembakaran pada engine yaitu konstanta dielektrik, oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat alat untuk menguji konstata dielektrik bahan bakar dan mengamati pengaruh kuat medan magnet terhadap konstanta dielektrik bahan bakar tersebut, pengukuran konstanta dielektrik dilakukan dengan cara mengukur kapasitansinya yaitu melalui plat kapasitor terbuat dari PCB tembaga dan alat ukur LCR. Pengujian awal menggunakan udara sebagai objeknya sekaligus untuk kalibrasi. Selanjutnya objek yang digunakan bahan bakar campuran biodiesel dan solar. Data-data ini dibandingkan antara konstanta dielektrik biodiesel tanpa pengaruh magnet dan dengan bahan bakar biodiesel yang dipengaruhi medan magnet. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa nilai konstanta dielektrik rentang frekuensi 0 Hz sampai 550 Hz mengalami fluktuasi naik turun sehingga nilainya acak. Rentang frekuensi 600 Hz sampai 2000 Hz nilai konstanta dielektrik cenderung menurun secra eksponensial seiring dengan bertambahnya frekuensi.Semakin besar medan magnet yang diberikan pada bahan bakar biodiesel semakin kecil nilai konstanta dielektriknya.artinya momen dipolenya semakin terarah sehingga proses pembakaran dapat berlangsung lebih baik.Kata kunsi :medan magnet, biodiesel, konstanta dielektrik.

scholarly journals Экспериментальное исследование рабочего процесса в жидкостных ракетных двигателях с использованием электрофизического метода диагностики

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
А.Н. Бобров ◽  
А.В. Рудинский ◽  
Н.М. Пушкин ◽  
Д.Б. Сафонова ◽  
Д.А. Ягодников
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
The Magnetic Field

An experimental study of the electromagnetic field generated by the low-temperature plasma of the fuel combustion products of a model liquid rocket engine was carried out. The components of the fuel were gaseous oxygen and ethyl alcohol. When simulating emergencies in the operation of a model rocket engine, the own electromagnetic field strength generated by the ionized fuel combustion products was recorded. A linear dependence of the magnetic field strength on the pressure in the combustion chamber is established in the range of 2.2-3.5 MPa. The possibility of using non-contact electrophysical methods for diagnosing the working process in power plants of aircraft using the value of the magnetic field strength as a “useful” signal is shown.

scholarly journals In-Situ Measurement of Electrical-Heating-Induced Magnetic Field for an Atomic Magnetometer

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixi Lu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
Junpeng Zhao ◽  
Wei Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Induced Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Heater ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Electrical heating elements, which are widely used to heat the vapor cell of ultrasensitive atomic magnetometers, inevitably produce a magnetic field interference. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement method of the amplitude of electrical-heating-induced magnetic field for an atomic magnetometer. In contrast to conventional methods, this method can be implemented in the atomic magnetometer itself without the need for extra magnetometers. It can distinguish between different sources of magnetic fields sensed by the atomic magnetometer, and measure the three-axis components of the magnetic field generated by the electrical heater and the temperature sensor. The experimental results demonstrate that the measurement uncertainty of the heater’s magnetic field is less than 0.2 nT along the x-axis, 1.0 nT along the y-axis, and 0.4 nT along the z-axis. The measurement uncertainty of the temperature sensor’s magnetic field is less than 0.02 nT along all three axes. This method has the advantage of measuring the in-situ magnetic field, so it is especially suitable for miniaturized and chip-scale atomic magnetometers, where the cell is extremely small and in close proximity to the heater and the temperature sensor.

Impact of Equation of State Model and CO2 Diluent on Combustion Characteristics of a Directly Heated Supercritical Oxy-Fuel Combustor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. M. Arifur Chowdhury ◽  
Ahsan Choudhuri ◽  
Norman Love ◽  
Hwanho Kim ◽  
Jiefu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Supercritical Phase

Directly heated supercritical oxy-fuel power cycles have potential to offer a higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emissions compared to existing power cycles. Due to the fact that combustion occurs at the supercritical phase, usually at or above 30MPa, conventional gas turbine combustors cannot be used to produce electricity using this concept. Besides, oxy-fuel combustion produces relatively higher temperatures than the air-fuel combustion process, which introduces material limitations particularly at the high pressures. Motivated by the advantages of the directly heated supercritical phase combustion technique, the authors present a design of an injector inside a combustion chamber. The combustor presented in this paper is designed to operate at a 30MPa pressure. The current study incorporates methane as the fuel and oxygen as the oxidizer. The design process of such a combustor incorporates an immense amount of challenges since the fluid properties as well as combustion behavior at the supercritical phase are still largely unknown. However, in order to design this type of system a reasonable understanding of fluid behavior in the combustion environment is essential. A commercial computational fluid dynamics simulation tool, ANSYS Fluent, is used to simulate the fluid flow and combustion inside the combustor. The real gas effect is added into the code by coupling equation of state with the fluid flow computation. The Lee Kesler equation, which is found in literature and in this paper to be the most relevant equation of state for this case, is implemented via user defined function along with Plocker Knapp mixing rule. The system presented in this study is intended to operate at a 1 MW power input. Carbon dioxide is delivered axially into the combustion chamber separate from fuel and oxidizer. The study shows more than 90% carbon dioxide needs to be recirculated to keep the combustor exit temperature below material operation limit of approximately 1450K. Thus, it is presumable that the combustion occurs in a carbon dioxide filled environment. The investigation has been performed by varying the carbon dioxide mass flow rate splitting between two inlets. It is observed that the 30%–70% split displays the optimum performance among all three cases. This condition offers wall temperature reduction, uniform exhaust products and an even temperature profile at the outlet of the combustor.

Observing the galactic magnetic field

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
H. C. van de Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Solar Neighbourhood ◽  
Galactic Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Various methods of observing the galactic magnetic field are reviewed, and their results summarized. There is fair agreement about the direction of the magnetic field in the solar neighbourhood:l= 50° to 80°; the strength of the field in the disk is of the order of 10-5gauss.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Emergence of Twisted Magnetic Flux Related Sigmoidal Brightening

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
K. Sundara Raman ◽  
K. B. Ramesh ◽  
R. Selvendran ◽  
P. S. M. Aleem ◽  
K. M. Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
The Sun ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Extended AbstractWe have examined the morphological properties of a sigmoid associated with an SXR (soft X-ray) flare. The sigmoid is cospatial with the EUV (extreme ultra violet) images and in the optical part lies along an S-shaped Hαfilament. The photoheliogram shows flux emergence within an existingδtype sunspot which has caused the rotation of the umbrae giving rise to the sigmoidal brightening.It is now widely accepted that flares derive their energy from the magnetic fields of the active regions and coronal levels are considered to be the flare sites. But still a satisfactory understanding of the flare processes has not been achieved because of the difficulties encountered to predict and estimate the probability of flare eruptions. The convection flows and vortices below the photosphere transport and concentrate magnetic field, which subsequently appear as active regions in the photosphere (Rust & Kumar 1994 and the references therein). Successive emergence of magnetic flux, twist the field, creating flare productive magnetic shear and has been studied by many authors (Sundara Ramanet al.1998 and the references therein). Hence, it is considered that the flare is powered by the energy stored in the twisted magnetic flux tubes (Kurokawa 1996 and the references therein). Rust & Kumar (1996) named the S-shaped bright coronal loops that appear in soft X-rays as ‘Sigmoids’ and concluded that this S-shaped distortion is due to the twist developed in the magnetic field lines. These transient sigmoidal features tell a great deal about unstable coronal magnetic fields, as these regions are more likely to be eruptive (Canfieldet al.1999). As the magnetic fields of the active regions are deep rooted in the Sun, the twist developed in the subphotospheric flux tube penetrates the photosphere and extends in to the corona. Thus, it is essentially favourable for the subphotospheric twist to unwind the twist and transmit it through the photosphere to the corona. Therefore, it becomes essential to make complete observational descriptions of a flare from the magnetic field changes that are taking place in different atmospheric levels of the Sun, to pin down the energy storage and conversion process that trigger the flare phenomena.

On the Configuration of the Magnetic Field of β CrB

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 613-622
Author(s):  
I.A. Aslanov ◽  
Yu.S. Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Magnetic Field Variation ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

SummaryMeasurements of the radial velocities and magnetic field strength of β CrB were carried out. It is shown that there is a variability with the rotation period different for various elements. The curve of the magnetic field variation measured from lines of 5 different elements: FeI, CrI, CrII, TiII, ScII and CaI has a complex shape specific for each element. This may be due to the presence of magnetic spots on the stellar surface. A comparison with the radial velocity curves suggests the presence of a least 4 spots of Ti and Cr coinciding with magnetic spots. A change of the magnetic field with optical depth is shown. The curve of the Heffvariation with the rotation period is given. A possibility of secular variations of the magnetic field is shown.

Materials for Electron Beam Information Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Speliotis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The interaction of electron beams with a large variety of materials for information storage has been the subject of numerous proposals and studies in the recent literature. The materials range from photographic to thermoplastic and magnetic, and the interactions with the electron beam for writing and reading the information utilize the energy, or the current, or even the magnetic field associated with the electron beam.

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