scholarly journals Evaluation of efficiency and environmental safety of leaching metals from ore: ways of development and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3(59)) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Vasil Lyashenko ◽  
Oleh Khomenko ◽  
Tatiana Chekushina ◽  
Tamara Dudar ◽  
Fedor Topolnij
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technological Parameters

The object of research is traditional mining technologies and technical means in combination with underground block leaching (UBL) of metals from rock ores with their preliminary crushing with explosives in installations mounted in mine workings. One of the most problematic areas is the difficulty of achieving a given crushing quality, as well as the required height of ore storage in the chamber for the subsequent leaching of metals and a loosening factor, taking into account the control of the energy of explosive destruction of rock ores. The study used: – data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of technologies and technical means for UBL of metals from ores in energy disturbed massifs, substantiation of technological parameters of operational blocks; – laboratory and production experiments; – physical modeling of metal extraction from ores from the average linear size of a piece of blasted ore. Analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results using standard and new methods were carried out with the participation of the authors. It was found that the most intensive infiltration leaching occurs when the size class of ore lumps is –100+0 mm. Metals are extracted from fractions –200+100 mm less intensively and for a longer time. To neutralize and flush the spent ore mass, it is recommended to treat it with lime solution and mine water through wells for supplying leaching solutions (irrigation system). The protection of the hydrogeological environment is carried out by silting the bottom of the chamber for collecting productive solutions with clay solution and by constant monitoring of mine water pollution in the zone of UBL influence. On the basis of the positive results obtained from the study and implementation of technologies for UBL of metals from rock ores during the development of block 5–86, in accordance with the recommendations issued, the same approach was used for blocks 5–84–86 and 5–88–90, as well as industrial experimental block 1–75–79. Due to the involvement in the production of substandard ores, the raw material base for the extraction of metals, at the operating mines, can be increased by 1.4–1.6 times. The research results can be used in underground mining of ore deposits of complex structure in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and other developed mining countries of the world.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
F.F. Topolnyi ◽  
G.D. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Industrial Buildings

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of leaching of metals from ore raw materials by justifying the parameters of underground mining and the introduction of integrated technology in combination with geotechnology, ensuring the rational use, protection of the subsurface and the environment during the development of reserves by combined geotechnological methods. Metology. The methods of generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of geotechnology, theory and practice of explosive destruction of solid media, continuum mechanics, mathematical statistics, as well as research techniques of wave processes according to standard and new techniques of the leading experts of the world's advanced mining countries are described. Findings. The factors determining the leaching efficiency of metal ores, environmental and seismic safety are established and the parameters of the explosion are justified taking into account the size of an average linear piece of exploded ore mass, the area of an emanating surface and the seismic safety of protected objects (industrial buildings, residential buildings, the Ingul river underflow, Kropivnitsky, etc.). Originality. Recommended empirical dependence for the prediction of the oscillation speed on the reduced mass of charge per deceleration step in the explosive preparation of ore for underground leaching of metals for the field conditions of the form y = a ∙ b also the value of the permissible displacement rate of the soil at the base of the protected objects = 0.4 cm / s. Practical value. When non-conforming ores of deposits are involved in the production, their raw material base at operating mines can be increased 1.4–1.6 times. Keywords: mining technology, underground mining, metal leaching, environmental safety, efficiency.

Experience in the development of innovative underground geotechnologies for mining of ore deposits

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-350
Author(s):  
I. V. Sokolov ◽  
Y. G. Antipin ◽  
N. V. Gobov ◽  
I. V. Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Ore Preparation ◽  
Additional Value

Based on an analysis of the design principles and practice of underground mining of ore deposits, the most significant features, trends to develop and directions to enhance of underground geotechnology in the field of opening and preparation, mining systems, filling works and ore preparation have been established. The main signs of innovation - scientific research and implementation in production in order to obtain additional value, are highlighted. Various approaches to the development of innovative underground geotechnologies are shown and a methodology for their justification is formulated based on a systematic approach implemented in the framework of the concept of integrated development of mineral resources and on the principles of economic efficiency, industrial and environmental safety, completeness of subsoil development. The experience of the IM UB RAS on the development and implementation of innovative underground geotechnologies in the design and industrial operation of a number of ore deposits is given, which significantly increased the completeness and quality of ore extraction from the subsoil, increased labor productivity in sinking and stoping works, reduced capital and operating costs for ore mining and to utilize mining and processing waste in the mined-out space.

scholarly journals The selection of technological basis of deep processing of coal.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
M.O. Gordienko
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Coke Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Thermochemical Processing ◽  
Selection Of

THE SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF COAL © M.O. Gordienko (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute (UHIN)", 61023, Kharkov, Vesnina st., 7, Ukraine) The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of expanding the raw material base of thermal energy, as well as meeting the demand for motor fuels and chemical products through the thermochemical processing of coal, the reserves of which are large enough and available for extraction and transportation. Moreover, in contrast to technologies such as methanization and liquefaction, the most promising type of deep processing of coal seems to be its gasification. This process is carried out in sealed devices of high power according to the technologies that have a long history of improvement on an industrial scale by the world's leading companies. It was emphasized that Ukraine has significant reserves of low-calorie coal (constantly expanding due to waste of coal preparation), the thermochemical processing of which can significantly expand the domestic energy base. The basic principles of classification and technological foundations of existing industrial and industrial research installations for gasification of coal and similar materials are given. The basic diagrams and main parameters of the existing installations, which carry out the gasification process at temperatures below the melting point of the mineral (ash-forming) components of the raw material, are described - Sasol Lurgi and SES Gasification Technology (SGT). Based on the data on the world experience in the operation of thermochemical coal processing units, it is shown that low-temperature (carried out at a temperature below the melting point of the mineral ashforming components) gasification of various types of non-coking coal with certain technological solutions can be no less effective than more complex and expensive high-temperature technologies. There are grounds for believing that the efficiency of gasification with ash removal in a solid state can be further increased by using some of the technological capabilities available in coke production. Keywords: brown coal, non-coking coals, thermochemical processing, gasification, efficiency, degree of carbon conversion, energy carriers, synthesis gas, environmental safety. Corresponding author M.O. Gordienko, е-mail: [email protected]

scholarly journals Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Marina Rylnikova ◽  
Viktor Fedotenko ◽  
Natalia Mitishova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of subsoil use when placing and constructing facilities for development of subsoil sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Elena Voskresenskaya ◽  
Nikolay Zhilskiy ◽  
Nicolay Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Energy Strategy of Russia for the period until 2035 contains a note that Russian Energy Industry is one of the main sources of environmental pollution. More than 50 per cent of polluted matter emissions into the atmosphere, more than 20 per cent of dirty discharge into surface water reservoirs and more than 70 per cent of total emissions of greenhouse gases account for this industry. Issues of environmental safety of the subsoil use are always under consideration in the academic community. However, huge amount of problems concerning this area still remain unresolved. For instance, bankrupt subsoil users often do not satisfy requirements set by the government on mothballing or removing facilities aimed at development or reclamation of used land parcels when the land leasehold is over. This indicates the need to enshrine additional measures in the Russian legislation on ensuring compliance with certain requirements. The authors mention that providing the regeneration of raw material base and its reasonable using for the benefit of current and next generations of nations inhabiting the Russian Federation are among the primary tasks of governmental regulation of relations on the subsoil use. The government should ensure the most efficient and consistent usage of resources obtained from already provided land parcels, complete development of mineral deposits and compliance with appropriate terms of subsoil use.

The Use of Carbonate Sludge in the Production of Porous Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
A.V. Kolpakov ◽  
E.S. Abdrakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Carbonate Sludge ◽  
The Russian Federation

The possibilities of obtaining porous fillers based on carbonate sludge and liquid-glass composition are considered. One of the issues of industrial waste disposal is the creation of waste-free technologies. The use of nanotechnology-based carbonate sludge in the production of porous aggregates increases environmental safety. A porous aggregate with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. The use of carbonate sludge in the production of porous aggregate contributes to: a) recycling of industrial waste; b) environmental protection; C) expanding the raw material base for obtaining ceramic materials for construction. A patent of the Russian Federation was obtained for the obtained method of producing a porous aggregate using a liquid-glass composition.

scholarly journals Investigation of organoleptic and functional-technological parameters of meat breads using mechanically deboned poultry meat

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Tischenko ◽  
N. V. Bozhko ◽  
V. M. Pasichnyi ◽  
V. V. Brazhenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Minced Meat

Creation of combined meat products combining traditional consumer properties, as well as the possibility of using non-traditional raw materials in their recipes, is aimed at the expansion and rational use of the raw material base of the meat processing complex and solves the problem of reducing nutrient deficiency in the diet of the population. Therefore, the issue of the use of mechanically deboned poultry meat in meat bread technology and its impact on qualitative indicators and functional and technological properties is relevant. The aim of the research was to study the feasibility of the use of mechanically deboned poultry meat in the technology of combined products. Three model recipes based on the formula-meat analogue “Chainyyi” were developed. The possibility of replacing beef and pork meat with duck meat and mechanically deboned poultry meat of turkey was studied in the bread recipes. The total amount of duck meat and mechanically deboned poultry meat was 63%. As a protein ingredient able to bind moisture and relatively inexpensive compared to meat raw material, 20% of the pig's heart was added to the formulation, as well as 2% XB Fiber. Other components of the analogue formulation have not changed. Combination of duck meat with mechanically deboned poultry meat of turkey and pork hearts in the abovementioned ratios as part of meatcontaining bread stuffing systems allowed to improve the nutritional value of the product and its qualitative indices. The research confirmed the possibility of combining regional and relatively cheap raw materials to increase the nutritional value of meatcontaining products, namely breads. The bulk of proteins in the experimental samples increased by 6.57–10.38% and was within the range of 17.96–17.34%. On average, 4.98% decreased the fat content, the product became less calorie relative to the analogue by 15.98–16.76%. The formulations of model minced meat were distinguished by a higher index of the water-holding capacity, the content of binding moisture and the best indicators of plasticity. This affected the quantity of finished products, which amounted to 120.64–117.3% to the mass of raw materials, while in the control sample this figure was lower by 3.49–7.47%.

Environmental and Resource-Saving Technologies and Technical Equipment for Processing and Disposal of Man-General Formation and Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V.I. Lyashenko ◽  
T.V. Chekushina ◽  
T.V. Dudar ◽  
I.A. Lisovoy
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Zone Of Influence

The substantiation of environmental and resource-saving technologies and technical means for the processing and disposal of man-made formations and waste from mining and metallurgical production into underground mined-out spaces (man-made voids) as components of hardening filling mixtures is given. This will ensure the safety of the day surface from destruction and the vital activity of the population living in the zone of influence of the mining region. It was found that for the mines of the State Enterprise "VostGOK" (Ukraine), the utilization rate of waste of own production for the hardening filling is from 0.45 to 0.68; hydraulic – from 0.56 to 0.75; free-flowing – 0.62, and the extraction of each ton of salable ore is accompanied by the output of 0.7–0.8 tons of waste. The research results can be used in underground mining of ore deposits of complex structure and mining and metallurgical production.

Scientific and Practical Procedures of Ensuring the Effectiveness of Environmental Measures during Exploitation of Iron Ore Deposits

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Liubov Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Environmental Activities

The essence and expediency in the use of partial indicators of economic efficiency evaluation and selection of environmental activities in the development of iron ore deposits in different mining conditions of its exploitation is identified. Methodical approach to economic evaluation of the effectiveness of environmental measures during developing of iron ore deposits by using of index environmental and economic changes level of the environment, specific costs for environmental protection and economic intensity of violations of the environment was improved. The generalized indicator of economic efficiency of production ecologization at enterprises of mining and processing of ore raw materials is grounded. Levels of this indicator by the character of environmental activities of the enterprise, the stability of its interaction with nature and level on environmental-safety, are allocated. The methodical substantiation of evaluation criteria and methods for measuring the cost-effectiveness of environmental measures during exploitation of iron ore deposits and practical aspects of assessing the level of ecologization of open-pit and underground mining in relation to the economy of mining enterprises are given.

scholarly journals Glazing effect for producing environmentally friendly ceramics for cladding applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Pavlycheva ◽  
Evgeniy Pikalov ◽  
Oleg Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Electroplating Sludge ◽  
Environmentally Safe

This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts. The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for external cladding for buildings and structures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document