scholarly journals Development of a Methodological Approach to Identifying Petrophysical Types of Complicated Carbonate Rocks According to Laboratory Core Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Raznicyn ◽  
Ivan S. Putilov
Keyword(s):  
Open Porosity ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
The Absolute

Petrophysical typification of productive hydrocarbon deposits is one of the main stages of building a petrophysical model of a reservoir. For carbonate reservoirs characterized by a heterogeneous complex structure of the void space, the problem of identifying petrotypes is very relevant. An extensive literature review of existing methods of petrophysical typification showed that the most well-known and widely used of them were based on simple theoretical models of the structure of the void space of rocks, which did not allow a full description of complex carbonate deposits. Moreover, the petrotypes identified on the basis of these methods did not agree with the results of microdescription of thin sections. A new methodological approach to the identification of petrophysical types of complex carbonate rocks was proposed, based on the integration of the results of standard (determination of the absolute gas permeability and open porosity coefficients) and special (nuclear magnetic resonance studies) core studies and data obtained in the lithological description of thin sections. The developed approach took into account the main petrophysical properties of rocks that characterize its reservoir potential, as well as the structural features of the void space and the influence of secondary transformations. The proposed methodological approach was applied to distinguish petrophysical types in the section of the Assel-Sakmara deposits of the Yareyuskoye field: six petrotypes were identified and described in detail, combined into four zones (zone of development of healed fracturing, zone of development of leaching, zone of development of leaching and open fracturing, zone of development open fracturing), for each of them, individual dependences of the absolute gas permeability coefficient on the open porosity coefficient and the Leverett J-function on the water saturation coefficient were constructed. The information obtained would allow a differentiated approach to geological and hydrodynamic modeling of a hydrocarbon reservoir.

Permeability-porosity transforms from small sandstone fragments

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. N11-N19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Kameda ◽  
Jack Dvorkin ◽  
Youngseuk Keehm ◽  
Amos Nur ◽  
William Bosl
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Rock Physics ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Numerical Experimentation ◽  
The Absolute

Numerical simulation of laboratory experiments on rocks, or digital rock physics, is an emerging field that may eventually benefit the petroleum industry. For numerical experimentation to find its way into the mainstream, it must be practical and easily repeatable — i.e., implemented on standard hardware and in real time. This condition reduces the size of a digital sample to just a few grains across. Also, small physical fragments of rock, such as cuttings, may be the only material available to produce digital images. Will the results be meaningful for a larger rock volume? To address this question, we use a number of natural and artificial medium- to high-porosity, well-sorted sandstones. The 3D microtomography volumes are obtained from each physical sample. Then, analogous to making thin sections of drill cuttings, we select a large number of small 2D slices from a 3D scan. As a result, a single physical sample produces hundreds of 2D virtual-drill-cuttings images. Corresponding 3D pore-space realizations are generated statistically from these 2D images; fluid flow is simulated in three dimensions, and the absolute permeability is computed. The results show that small fragments of medium– to high-porosity sandstones that are statistically subrepresentative of a larger sample will not yield the exact porosity and permeability of the sample. However, a significant number of small fragments will yield a site-specific permeability-porosity trend that can then be used to estimate the absolute permeability from independent porosity data obtained in the well or inferred from seismic techniques.

The structure of the pore volume of the reservoir intervals of the Bazhenov formation of the Priobskoye field of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. S. Roslyakova ◽  
A. G. Kalmykov ◽  
G. A. Kalmykov ◽  
R. A. Khamidullin ◽  
N. I. Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Siliceous Rock ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Structural Zones

The paper presents a study of the structure and reservoir properties of rocks of the Bazhenov formation in the sections of three wells located in different structural zones of the Priobskoye field. It is shown that the porosity of the samples varies from 0.02% to 6.95%, the absolute gas permeability of the rocks reaches 1.364 mD. It is established that the collectors in the Bazhenov formation are confined to silicite-radiolarites (possessing porosity associated with the leaching of radiolarian shells) and kerogen-clay-siliceous rock and kerogen-clay silicite (porosity is associated with the release of space between the clay-siliceous matrix and kerogen by ripening organic matter). The following secondary processes influenced the formation of voids in these lithotypes: recrystallization of radiolarians and local warming up.

scholarly journals Biocellulose Masks as Delivery Systems: A Novel Methodological Approach to Assure Quality and Safety

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Perugini ◽  
Mariella Bleve ◽  
Fabiola Cortinovis ◽  
Antonio Colpani
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Multiple Light Scattering

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has become of great interest in recent years, as a delivery system in several areas of application, including food, drugs, and cosmetics, thanks to its exclusive advantages, such as high biocompatibility, water holding capacity, and good gas permeability. The novel approach of the authors has led to a protocol for checking the quality and safety of bacterial cellulose matrices in the manufacture of cosmetic masks. Two non-destructive techniques, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multiple light scattering (MLS), were used to verify different parameters affecting the quality of BC sheets, allowing cellulose masks to be checked over time. NIR spectroscopy allowed for discovering changes in the water content, depending on filling/packaging procedures, like flat-folding. Multiple light scattering was used to ascertain the stability of solutions in contact with masks. From a clinical standpoint, the cutaneous tolerability of biocellulose masks, and their effect on skin parameters, were evaluated through some specific “in vivo” tests. Also, a safety evaluation during application was conducted through different studies: a short-term one after single application, and a long-term one upon continued use.

Absolute configuration determination of theanti-head-to-head photocyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid through cocrystallization withL-prolinol

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kawanami ◽  
Hidekazu Tanaka ◽  
Jun-ichi Mizoguchi ◽  
Nobuko Kanehisa ◽  
Gaku Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Circular Dichroism Spectra ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The absolute configuration has been established of the enantiopureanti-head-to-head cyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid (AC) cocrystallized with L-propinol and dichloromethane [systematic name: (S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium (5R,6S,11R,12S)-8-carboxy-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-5,12:6,11-bis([1,2]benzeno)dibenzo[a,e][8]annulene-2-carboxylate dichloromethane monosolvate], C5H12NO+·C30H19O4−·CH2Cl2. In the crystal structure, the AC dimer interacts with L-prolinol through a nine-membered hydrogen-bonded ring [R22(9)], while the dichloromethane molecule is incorporated to fill the void space. The absolute configuration determined in this study verifies a recent assignment made by comparing theoreticalversusexperimental circular dichroism spectra.

scholarly journals Depositional, diagenetic and stratigraphic aspects of Macaé Group carbonates (Albian): example from an oilfield from Campos Basin

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Okubo ◽  
Ricardo Lykawka ◽  
Lucas Veríssimo Warren ◽  
Julia Favoreto ◽  
Dimas Dias-Brito
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Carbonate Sedimentation ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Facies Associations

<p>Carbonate rocks from the Macaé Group (Albian) represent an example of carbonate sedimentation related to the drift phase in Campos Basin. This study presents depositional features, integrating them with diagenetic and stratigraphic aspects of the Macaé Group carbonates including the upper part of the Quissamã Formation and the lower part of the Outeiro Formation. Macroscopic analyses in cores and microscopic ones in thin sections allowed the recognition of eleven sedimentary facies - nine of them corresponding to the Quissamã Formation and two of them representing the Outeiro Formation. These facies were grouped into five facies associations. Oolitic grainstones and oncolitic grainstones are interpreted to be deposited in shallow depth probably in shoals above the fair weather wave base. The interbanks between shoals were formed in less agitated waters and characterized by deposition of peloidal bioclastic packstones and wackestones representative of sedimentation in calm waters. Bioclastic packstones and oolitic packstones/wackestones represent allochthonous deposits related to the beginning of the regional drowning that occur in upper Quissamã Formation. Pithonellids wackestones and bioclastic wackestones with glauconite are related to deep water deposits, characteristics of the Outeiro Formation. Post-depositional features revealed the action of diagenetic processes as, micritization, cimentation, dissolution, compaction, dolomitization and recrystallization occurred during the eo- and mesodiagenesis phases. Vertical facies analysis suggests shallowing upward cycles stacked in a sequence progressively deeper towards the top (from the Quissamã Formation to the Outeiro Formation).</p>

A methodology of spatial organization of the cities of St. Petersburg agglomeration: Its importance for regional development purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-942
Author(s):  
Denis I. OLIFIR
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Grouping Method ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Mathematical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of spatial organization of the cities of St. Petersburg metropolitan area and potential socio-economic relationships between them in the form of clusters. Objectives. The article aims to determine the prospective relationships between the cities of St. Petersburg metropolitan area using optimal accessibility and centrality indicators. Methods. Based on the principle of polycentrism, the study involves systems and mathematical analyses, and the grouping method. Results. The article determines the absolute index of optimal interconnectedness (accessibility) and the centrality degree between the cities of St. Petersburg metropolitan area. Conclusions. The presented methodological approach to spatial organization of metropolitan cities helps identify potential relationships between them considering the possible future creation of specialized clusters.

A novel methodological approach for thin-section description and its application to periglacially disturbed Pleistocene deposits from Danbury, Essex, UK

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leszczynska ◽  
J. Boreham ◽  
S. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
New Approach ◽  
C 50 ◽  
New Hypothesis

AbstractAlthough micromorphological terminology has been evolving since 1960, there have been few attempts to create a systematic approach to the description of thin-sections which would serve as a guiding tool for inexperienced researchers, students, and all new to the field of micromorphology. In this paper we present a novel, decision tree based systematic approach for thin-section description. This new approach attempts to unify micromorphological descriptions of Quaternary deposits, regardless of the character of the deposit and the purpose of the analysis.In this research project, named ‘Hidden Ice Worlds’, the micromorphology of an 8 m thick sequence of periglacially disturbed deposits from the Royal Oak Pit, Danbury hill, Essex, UK is described. This sequence is situated on the eastern side of Danbury hill, at c. 50 m OD. Based on micromorphological analyses, a new hypothesis for the evolution of this sequence is presented. Multiple phases of physical reworking associated with freezing and thawing of the deposit, subsequent to Elsterian (Anglian) glaciation (480-420 ka BP) is proposed as the main process responsible for the evolution of the sequence. As periglacially derived deposits are usually removed from such elevated locations on hill' slopes, inversion of the topography is proposed as a necessary factor for the formation and preservation of the sequence described in this atypical location.

Tephra anchored floating varve chronology covering ca. 19.0-11.0 ka BP in new core from Lake Lago Grande di Monticchio: preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueru Zhao ◽  
Sabine Wulf ◽  
Markus J. Schwab ◽  
Rik Tjallingii ◽  
Achim Brauer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Varve Chronology ◽  
Varve Counting ◽  
The Last Glacial

&lt;p&gt;The high-resolution Monticchio (MON) sediment record has been demonstrated to be a key archive for reconstructing climate and environmental changes in the central Mediterranean for the last glacial-interglacial cycle. New sediment cores have been retrieved in April 2016 to investigate particularly the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum into the Holocene with a new high-resolution methodological approach. A floating varve chronology spanning ca. 8,000 years has been established by varve counting on thin sections using a petrographic microscope and layer thickness based sedimentation rate estimates for non- or poorly varved intervals. Varve counting is based on detailed seasonal deposition models of five different varve types. The resulting floating chronology consist of 66.6% individually counted varves and 33.4% interpolated years. The uncertainty estimate of the floating chronology has been determined by double counting and amounts to &amp;#177;5.8%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The floating chronology is anchored to an absolute chronology using the Agnano Pomici Principali tephra, dated at 11,999&amp;#177;52 cal yrs BP from paleosols overlying proximal tephra (Bronk Ramsey et al. 2015), is a suitable anchoring point to cross correlation. The resulting varve-based chronology has been compared with several other marker tephras dated elsewhere including the Soccavo 4 tephra (11,700&amp;#177;150 cal yrs BP), the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT; 14,194&amp;#177;172 cal yrs BP) and the Greenish tephra (19226&amp;#177;104 cal yrs BP). Further comparison with published (Hajdas et al. 1997) and new radiocarbon dates from different terrestrial macro remains are discussed in this paper. This study presents an independent chronology for the last glacial/interglacial transition for a comparison of MON data with high-resolution lake records western and central Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bronk Ramsey, C., P. G. Albert, S. P. E. Blockley, M. Hardiman, R. A. Housley, C. S. Lane, S. Lee, I. P. Matthews, V. C. Smith &amp; J. J. Lowe (2015) Improved age estimates for key Late Quaternary European tephra horizons in the RESET lattice. Quaternary Science Reviews, 118&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; 18-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hajdas, I., G. Bonani, B. Zolitschka, A. Brauer &amp; J. Negendank (1997) 14C Ages of Terrestrial Macrofossils from Lago Grande Di Monticchio (Italy). Radiocarbon, 40&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; 803-807.&lt;/p&gt;

Predicting the Performance of the Acid-Stimulation Treatments in Carbonate Reservoirs With Nondestructive Tracer Tests

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1238-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S.. S. Zakaria ◽  
H.A.. A. Nasr-El-Din ◽  
M.. Ziauddin
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Flow Through

Summary Carbonate formations are very complex in their pore structure and exhibit a wide variety of pore classes, such as interparticle porosity, moldic porosity, vuggy porosity, and microporosity. Geologists have defined carbonate pore classes on the basis of sedimentology, thin sections, and porosity/permeability relationships, but the question remains concerning how these pore classes govern the acid flow through porous media. Core samples from six different carbonates, mainly limestone, were selected for the study. The samples were first investigated with thin-section analysis, high-pressure mercury-injection tests, and nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements for pore-structure characterization, and X-ray diffraction for mineralogy examination. Next, tracer experiments were conducted, and the tracer-concentration profiles were analyzed to quantify the carbonate pore-scale heterogeneity. The heterogeneity is expressed with a parameter f—the available fraction of pore structure contributing to the flow. The data were used to study the flow of acid through carbonate rocks and correlate the pore classes to the acid response. More than 30 acid-coreflood experiments were conducted at 150°F and a hydrochloric acid concentration of 15 wt% on 1.5 × 6-in. core samples at different injection rates on each carbonate rock type. The objective of these sets of experiments is to determine the acid pore volume to breakthrough for each carbonate pore class. The findings of this study help us to connect the results from different characterization methods to the acid flow through the porous media of carbonate rocks. It was also found that the response of the acid depends on the carbonate pore classes. Application to the design of matrix acid treatments in carbonate rocks is discussed.

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