scholarly journals About the Work of Leningrad Industrial Enterprises in 1941

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Ryabkov Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
War Production ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Before the Great Patriotic War (GPW) at least 1/3 of cumulative total yield of Leningrad factories was the products of ―defense‖ or ―special‖ function, i.e. military ones. A significant proportion of civilian products could also be used for the army, navy or the NKVD troop’s demands. Pre-war production planning provided for the all-round increase in the output of military products.In this regard, the city's enterprises experienced an acute shortage of production and office premises, electricity and personnel. Plants and factories operated with external raw materials and fuel which made them critically dependent on the functioning of the logistics chains connecting Leningrad with the regions of the USSR. The main criterion of evaluating the work of an industrial enterprise was the amount of output and the mandatory fulfillment or over-fulfillment of production plan. At the factories the problems of quality were ignored and this led to the necessity of conducting periodic campaigns of "struggle for quality" by senior management. However, such campaigns turned to be useless and did not result in the required demands due to the initially defective system of goal-setting in industry. The peculiarities of conducting economic activities in wartime, on the one hand, deepened the previous problems, on the other hand, made the processes of deploying new industries more dynamicby reducing the number of management links and lengthening work shifts,. The main role in setting production tasks to the enterprises was transferred from the specialized People's Commissariats to the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and the Military Council of the Front; factories were often forced to execute three parallel production plans. The establishment of the blockade regime focused the industry of Leningrad almost exclusively on the interests of the Leningrad Front. Mobilization into the army and recruitment into the people's militia deprived enterprises of the number of qualified personnel; at first, the replacement of experienced workers by housewives and adolescents could not be considered complete and equivalent. In September – October 1941 the reserves of fuelwere exhausted in the city and this led to a fuel and energy crisis in November – December 1941 and an almost complete shutdown of heavy and light industry enterprises in the first quarter of 1942. The factors which influenced the manufacturing processes of Leningrad industrial enterprises in the pre-war, war and blockade periods of 1941 have been considered in the present article.

Nile River Transport under the Romans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the organization of river transport in Roman Egypt (30 BC—AD 284). Egypt provided a significant proportion of grain to the city of Rome; thus the collection of tax grain and its transport to Alexandria was the first stage in the complex organization of the annona. The chapter considers the integration of land and river transport of tax grain, the nature, status, and organization of naukleroi, and the role of the state. It also discusses the transport of private goods by river and offers some quantification of the cost of river transport. It places these economic activities into the broader context of debate about the ancient economy.

scholarly journals Exploitation and Liberation: Case Study of Women Workers in Surat’s Unorganised Sector

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Kiran Desai
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Status Of Women

Based on an empirical study, this article narrates the condition and status of women workers engaged in the unorganised sector in Surat. The city, considered Gujarat’s economic hub and business capital, is known for its small- and medium-scale industries (SMSIs) especially those connected with weaving, dying-printing, embroidery and diamonds. A number of non-industrial, informal sector livelihood activities, known as the fringe sub-sector, are integrated with the city’s main industrial activities. Studies reveal that a high number of migrant workers from all over India eke their livelihood from this wide spectrum of economic activities combining both these sub-sectors in which women constitute a significant proportion of this workforce. The article firstly describes their demographic profile as well as their working conditions. It also takes into account not only their contribution in terms of an economic income but also outlines their impact in the social sphere. The article argues that though the work milieu of the unorganised sector is as exploitative and oppressive for women workers as it is for men, to a certain extent there is an element of liberation for women in their social existence.

Drug related deaths between 2008 and 2011. A retrospective study in 32 Romanian counties

Open Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-854
Author(s):  
Dan Dermengiu ◽  
Sorin Hostiuc ◽  
Doina Radu ◽  
Florina Aciu ◽  
Gabriel Gorun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of drug related deaths in Romania between 2008 and 2011 by analyzing the medical-legal cases, from a significant proportion of Romanian Counties (out of 41 plus the capital), in which the direct causal link between drug overdose and death was drug related. Material and methods. 446 forensic toxicology cases were analyzed in a four year period, obtained from more than two thirds of the counties in Romania. Results. 54.26% yielded a positive toxicological analysis, most often with benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates and cannabinoids. Males around 31 years old represented the most affected group. Illegal drug related deaths were more frequent in males and non-illegal drug related deaths were proportionally more frequent in females. Discussions and conclusions. The pattern of consumption is similar to the one obtained by similar studies in neighboring countries. The city capital has a very distinct pattern of consumption compared to other cities/counties.

scholarly journals Assessment of recreational potential of Croatian-Bosnian area of Dinaric highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Andrey Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Erdas Imagine

In the article fundamental directions of mountain tourism development in central part of Croatia and western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered. Favorable natural conditions and transport accessibility contribute to the development of tourism. From other side, the consequences of the war 1991–1995s are still being felt. Contradictions between the goals of mass recreation and the objectives of environmental protection slightly aggravated due to the organization of specially protected natural areas where the rules of visiting are brought to perfection. There are great opportunities for the development of tourist infrastructure. To ensure that the recreational load on natural objects is not excessive it is necessary to regulate tourist flows and advertise new types of tourism. Recreational development of natural resources is part of the overall problem of their rational economic use and protection. Economic activities have different impacts on natural recreational resources. In this region under economic circumstances, it is more profitable to organize a vacation than to undertake the exploitation of natural resources in industry and agriculture. Another advantage is the lack of raw materials bases and closure of small industrial enterprises, this made it possible to organize open-air museums. From other side, agrotourism has been widely developed, it is a sign of the agricultural development of the territories. The features of different tourism types (water, walking and large-scale, mountaineering, sports and walking, speleological) are reviewed. Tourists should to spent the rest at winter and at summer in definite areas. A lot of natural and anthropogenic factors were taken into account under assessing recreational potential. Mapping produce in ArcMap 10, also for processing of Earth remote sensing data ERDAS Imagine program are used. Nature protection areas and principal rules regulating visits them was described.

scholarly journals Light Industry in the Urals in the Days of the New Economic Policy in the Context of Early Industrial Modernization of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1168-1178
Author(s):  
Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana U. Vasilieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industry Sectors

The article examines the development of the light industry sectors of the Urals in the 1920s drawing on materials from state archives of the Russian Federation. The study is to identify the signs of the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals in the days of the New Economic Policy and to analyze them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the network of light industry enterprises in the Urals; to study the state of material and technical base of industrial enterprises in the region; to reveal the dynamics of gross output. Early industrial modernization in Russia began in the late 19th century. However, for a number of reasons, including the events of the First World War, revolutionary upheavals, and the Civil War, it remained unconcluded after the first two decades of the 20th century. The period of the New Economic Policy is considered by V.V. Alekseev and I.V. Poberezhnikov as a continuation of the early industrial modernization. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the New Economic Policy, from 1921 to 1927. The territorial framework is the Ural Economic Region. Geographic, economic, and ethnic factors permit to address the Urals as an integral territorial entity. In the 1920s, it included the Ural region (now the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions), the Orenburg gubernia (now the Orenburg region), the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (now the Udmurt Republic), and the Bashkir ASSR (now the Republic of Bashkortostan). The article highlights the issues of trustification in the light industry of the region, the emergence of new plants and factories. The network of industrial enterprises was transformed during the period under review. As a result of consolidation and liquidation of unprofitable enterprises, the number of factories and plants decreased in comparison with the indicators of 1913 by 12 units. The largest number of industrial enterprises was concentrated on the territory of the Ural Region. The process of the light industry sectors recovery of the 1920s was accompanied by the solution of a number of problems associated with shortage of raw materials and need to upgrade the equipment. During the period under review, enterprises experienced difficulties in raw materials supply. Most dynamically developing industries were textiles, footwear, and clothing. By the end of the New Economic Policy, the volume of production of light industry goods in the region exceeded pre-war indicators. However, the revealed data indicate that the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals was incomplete by the end of the 1920s.

scholarly journals Socializēšanās prakses viduslaiku pilsētā: amatu korporāciju piemērs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Bruževica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

One of the most important aspects of medieval human life was being in a community. On the one hand, medieval city itself was such a community, whereas on the other hand, there still remained social, economic and occupational differences between its inhabitants, which in daily life dissociated people. In addition to the community in the city, the church and the family, another type of community developed in medieval cities – professional or artisan associations, fraternities or guilds. For a very long time, the studies dedicated to these organizations focused mainly on their economic, legal and organizational aspects, and hence guilds are mainly associated with their economic activities. However, the religious and social life they yielded was no less important and provided people’s daily lives with activities that complemented their spiritual and social life. The aim of the study is to review and analyse the social practices found in the source material, whereby such aspects of socialization as the formation of beneficial social contacts, maintenance of relationships, as well as mutual assistance were practiced in medieval artisan associations. Examples and their similarities in various artisan associations in Europe, including Riga, which are reported in medieval written sources, especially the statutes of these associations, will be discussed. The obtained information collected in the study confirms that associations extended beyond economic goals, as their practices promoted social contacts between members, strengthened friendships, fostered respect and responsibility for each other.

scholarly journals Marketing potential of combined meat-plant food products as innovative consumer objects

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
I. A. Glotova ◽  
A. O. Ryazanceva ◽  
N. A. Galochkina ◽  
S. V. Shahov ◽  
V. V. Pryanishnikov
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The City

For the growth of the consumer potential of the food market, an active search for innovative ways and means of development, taking into account various sources of innovative opportunities, is necessary. The analysis shows that consumers of products of agro-industrial enterprises, catering and trade enterprises are an important, but insufficiently studied element in the system of generating samples, or ideas, innovative consumer objects. The purpose of the work is to study consumer trends, features of segmentation in the customer typology and customer feedback elements, as sources of innovation in the external environment of various enterprises and organizations for the production of food based on the processing of meat raw materials. The object of the research was the regional market of meat products of the Central Black Soil Region on the example of the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh Region. The subject of research was the direction of improving the range of meat and meat-plant products, corresponding to the innovative scenario of the development of their market. The analysis of consumer preferences and motivations of the population of the Central Black Earth region (for example, the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh region) in relation to the combined meat and vegetable products was carried out and their potential as innovative consumer objects was evaluated. The article implements a questionnaire survey method in relation to the psychological perception of protein foods from consumers, including middle and mature age. The survey revealed data on the popularity of types of meat products, the frequency of their consumption, priority properties for the consumer, storage modes. The expediency of increasing the nutritional and biological value and the formation of consumer properties of combined meat products based on the hedonic preferences of consumer groups has been substantiated. Directions for improving the range of products for processing meat raw materials will be an organic addition to the cluster for the production and processing of specialized breeds of beef cattle, pork, and poultry meat in the Voronezh region and the Central Black Earth region as a whole.

scholarly journals Proveedores informales a la industria maquiladora

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda García ◽  
Francisco Lara
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Border Towns ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The One ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
The City

Resumen:Este artículo examina un componente de la economía urbana fronteriza que muestra las contradicciones del des arrollo regional basado en la maquiladora. Dicho elemento lo conforman 39 micronegocios que se dedican a la venta de alimentos preparados para los trabajadores de las empresas maquiladoras localizados en dos parques industriales de la ciudad de Nogales, Sonora. Por un lado, estos micronegocios están funcionalmente integrados al sector más moderno y dinámico de la economía fronteriza y, por otro, conservan los rasgos premodernos de las actividades económicas de subsistencia. El argumento central es que la industrialización acelerada en contextos socio urbanísticos como los que dominan en la frontera norte de México no sólo es compatible con las actividades que se analizan en este artículo, sino que requiere de su existencia. Como resultado, surge alrededor de la maquila un conjunto de proveedores informales de servicios que coadyuvan a que la industria disponga de una fuerza de trabajo estable y continua . En este artículo se analizan los resultados de una encuesta realizada a los propietarios de los micro negocios para mostrar su organización y funcionamiento, y se presenta una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a mejorar la relación entre empresas maquiladoras, trabajadores industriales y micro negocios.Palabras clave: Maquiladoras, Frontera México-Estados Unidos, Alimentos preparados, Economía informal, Proveedores de servicios.Abstract:This article examines a component of the urban border economy which reflects the contradictions of a model of regional development based predominantly on the maquila industry. This component consist of 39 micro - businesses selling prepared food to workers of maquila companies located in two industrial parks in the city of Nogales, Sonora. On the one hand, these micro ? businesses are completely integrated to the most modern and dynamic sector of the border economy yet, on the other hand, p resent the traditional characteristics of subsistence economic activities. The central argument is that in sociourbanistic contexts as the prevailing in Mexican border towns, rapid industrialization is not only compatible with the activities analyzed in this article, but needs of them to subsist. As a result, a round the maquila industry emerge a group of informal services providers that contribute to a realiable and steady supply of labor force for the industry. In this article, the authors analyze the results of a survey to the owners of the aforementioned micro - businesses to observe its organization and operation. A number of recommendations to improve the relation among maquila companies, maquila workers and micro-businesses is also presented.Key words: Export oriented industry, USA-Mexico borderline, Prepared food, Non formal economy, Services’ Supply.

scholarly journals The characteristics of the general modern state of the light industry in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Polina Puzyrova
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
Innovative Potential

The subject of the research is the theoretical and methodological foundations for determining the current state of the industrial sector of Ukraine, namely, light industry enterprises. The aim of the researchis to study the main indicators of the state of the industrial sector of Ukraine for 2015-first half of 2020. Research methods. When writing the article, general scientific and special methods of studying economic phenomena and processes were used to determine the general current state of the Ukrainian industry. Results of the investigation. In the course of writing the article, it was found that a common problem that for a long time hinders the development of the light industry in Ukraine is a rather old and backward production technology and, as a result, low product quality. The key directions for overcoming this technological backwardness should be the introduction of innovative forms and methods of production, the use of advanced technologies, the development and implementation of innovative programs to support the light industry in general, both at the national and international levels. It should also emphasize the role and necessity of state support, from which everyone benefits, that is, industrial enterprises will be provided with the necessary high-quality resources and technologies, and new jobs, social guarantees for the population will appear in the country, the investment attractiveness of light industry enterprises will improve, and accordingly, it will increase. stakeholder interest in them. Scope of the results. Economy, industrial economics, light industry, enterprise management, enterprise innovative activity, enterprise innovative potential. Conclusions. It has been established that since there are positive aspects in the context of the development of light industry, it can be attributed to one of the most promising industries in Ukraine. It has been proven, according to various experts, that the Ukrainian clothing and footwear market is one of the twenty most developed markets in Ukraine, since our population spends about 25-35% of their monthly income on footwear and clothing, which is higher than in Western Europe. It was determined that the light industry has rather optimistic forecasts for further growth, however, in order to maintain such positions, this industry must continue to move towards increasing government support for the industry by ensuring the formation and placement of government orders and government contracts; development of target programs for the prospective development of new types of raw materials, balanced development of sub-sectors; expansion of our own base of raw materials and resources; improving the mechanism for restoring cooperative ties; formation of their own innovative potential and increase in investment attractiveness through the use of modern methods and forms of scientific and technological progress, the latest technologies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HASIL PERTANIAN DI KOTA DENPASAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS

Telematika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Supuwiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Agriculture is an activity in utilizing natural resources made by humans so that they can produce food, raw materials for industrial enterprises, energy and natural balance. Imagine if a country's territory there is no agricultural land as a strategic sector or agricultural land into residential land entirely different functions then the country can not meet the primary needs due to hold human life in need of food. Food is a primary need of agricultural products should need to be increased the number of its production due to offset population. The limited agricultural land in Denpasar from year to year will affect agricultural output. Based on these problems will require analysis of agricultural products in order to determine the increase or decrease in agricultural output in Denpasar using geographic information systems and GIS ArcView 3.3 as tools that can be used as an ingredient in decision making by the government. The method used in this research is the collection of spatial data and non-spatial data, data analysis of agricultural products in their respective districts in the city of Denpasar, database creation and conduct digitized into a digital map. Results from this study is a digital map that provides information on the increase or decrease of agricultural output in 2011-2014 in each district in the city of Denpasar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document