scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENZYME ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE LEAVES AND BRANCHES OF CINNAMOMUM CASSIA USING BOX-WILSON METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich ◽  
Le Mai Huong ◽  
Nguyen Quyet Chien ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Thuy ◽  
Le Tat Thanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

The process of enzyme assisted extraction of essential oil from the leaves and branches of the Vietnamese aromatic plant Cinnamomum cassia was studied and optimized using a Box-Wilson central composite design consisting of 05 independent variables (pH, temperature T, time τ, concentration of the enzyme Laccase, and concentration of the enzyme Cellic Htec2) and two dependent variables (reducing sugar and yield of essential oil). Second-order polynomial equations were obtained for the responses, which fitted well with the experimental data. Optimal conditions for oil yield were found at pH = 5.2; T = 440C; τ = 5h30'; Laccase = 0.42 ml/g, and Cellic Htec2 = 1.15%. The experimental value (0.982% oil yield) was close to the predicted value (0.978%). The application of enzyme assisted extraction  in combination with optimization using response surface methodology substantially improved the oil yield as compared with traditional method. 

Enzyme-assisted extraction of citrus essential oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica L. Chávez-González ◽  
Lluvia I. López-López ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Juan C. Contreras-Esquivel ◽  
Cristóbal N. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Citrus Essential Oils ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction ◽  
Value Added Products

AbstractCitrus peels are underutilized in the processing industry and are commonly considered as waste as their chemical composition varies. However, it is possible to recover some value-added products, one of them being essential oil, which is widely used in the food industry. Due to the current increase in global demand for citrus essential oils, it is necessary to implement processes directed to the maximum recovery of oil from waste peels. Numerous efforts have been made without achieving significant improvements in yields. In this work, enzymatic pretreatments of orange, lemon, and grapefruit peels were applied to achieve increased yields of essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation. In two of the sources it was possible to increase the essential oil yield from two to six times. Moreover, a significant amount of fermentable sugars which can be used in the production of certain other compounds of interest through fermentation was obtained.

scholarly journals Combined Surfactant and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) Fruits

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-742
Author(s):  
Anastasia Novikova ◽  
Liubov Skrypnik
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Introduction. Commercial pectin is usually obtained from apples or citrus fruits. However, some wild fruits, such as hawthorn, are also rich in pectin with valuable nutritional and medical properties. The research objective was to study and improve the process of combined surfactant and enzyme-assisted extraction of pectin from hawthorn fruits. Study objects and methods. The study involved a 1% solution of Polysorbate-20 surfactant and a mix of two enzymes, namely cellulase and xylanase, in a ratio of 4:1. The response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken experimental design improved the extraction parameters. The experiment featured three independent variables – temperature, time, and solvent-to-material ratio. They varied at three levels: 20, 40, and 60°C; 120, 180, and 240 min; 15, 30, and 45 mL per g. Their effect on the parameters on the pectin yield was assessed using a quadratic mathematical model based on a second order polynomial equation. Results and discussion. The response surface methodology made it possible to derive a second order polynomial regression equation that illustrated the effect of extraction parameters on the yield of polyphenols. The regression coefficient (R2 = 98.14%) and the lack-of-fit test (P > 0.05) showed a good accuracy of the model. The optimal extraction conditions were found as follows: temperature = 41°C, time = 160 min, solvent-to-material ratio = 32 mL per 1 g. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted pectin yield was 14.9%, while the experimental yield was 15.2 ± 0.4%. The content of galacturonic acid in the obtained pectin was 58.5%, while the degree of esterification was 51.5%. The hawthorn pectin demonstrated a good complex-building ability in relation to ions of copper (564 mg Cu2+/g), lead (254 mg Pb2+/g), and cobalt (120 mg Co2+/g). Conclusion. Combined surfactant and enzyme-assisted extraction made improved the extraction of pectin from hawthorn fruits. The hawthorn pectin can be used to develop new functional products.

scholarly journals Optimasi Selulase pada Enzyme Assisted Extraction Lemak dari Caulerpa Lentillifera Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Ishmah Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera ◽  
Rsm Model ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Penelitian dirancang untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum proses enzyme assisted extraction lemak rumput laut hijau segar Caulerpa lentillifera dengan menggunakan enzim selulase. Proses optimasi dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model Central Composite Design dengan 15 perlakuan. Perlakuan yang didapatkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas diantaranya konsentrasi enzim, suhu hidrolisis, dan waktu hidrolisis terhadap respon yaitu jumlah ekstrak lemak dan aktivitas antioksidan. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan model 2FI dan Linier berturut-turut untuk respon jumlah lemak dan aktivitas antioksidan. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh yaitu konsentrasi enzim sebesar 2%, suhu hidrolisis sebesar 30 °C, dan waktu hidrolisis selama 1 jam. Kondisi optimum tersebut kemudian dapat diverifikasi dengan melakukan perlakuan terpilih sebanyak 2 kali ulangan atau lebih hingga mendekati hasil prediksi. Asam lemak yang diperoleh setelah metilasi dan identifikasi dengan GC-MS yaitu asam palmitat dan asam laurat. 

Use of central composite design to optimize working conditions of Streptomyces griseus enzymatic method in estimating in vitro rumen undegraded crude protein of feedstuffs

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
A. Gallo ◽  
P. Fortunati ◽  
S. Bruschi ◽  
G. Giuberti ◽  
F. Masoero
Keyword(s):  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Central Composite

AbstractThe aim was to identify optimized combinations of Streptomyces griseus protease concentration (CONC), incubation length (TIME), or amount of crude protein (CP) incubated in buffered enzymatic solution (CPW) to predict the in vitro rumen-undegraded feed CP (RUP) of 26 different feeds (soybean, rapeseed or sunflower meals, wheat bran, distillers dried grains with solubles, maize co-products and alfalfa hay). Different levels of CONC (0.08, 0.19, 0.44, 0.69 and 0.80 enzymatic units [U] of S. griseus protease/ml), TIME (6, 10, 18, 26 and 30 h) and CPW (69, 118, 235, 353 and 401 mg CP) were tested in agreement with a central composite design (CCD) with four replications of the central point to calculate second-order polynomial equations of main tested effects. The RUP was estimated by incubating samples in a buffered rumen fluid for 16 h or by adopting different enzymatic approaches as planned a priori in CCD. Differences between rumen and enzymatic RUP (ΔRUP) were estimated and regression terms of second-order polynomial equations for estimating ΔRUP were calculated between and within feeds. These equations were optimized using the non-linear generalized reduced gradient method with the objective set at ΔRUP equal to 0. The adoption of CCD permitted identification of optimized enzymatic combinations of CONC (0.12 U of S. griseus protease/ml), TIME (18 h) and CPW (from 233 to 458 mg CP for distillers dried grains with solubles and soft white wheat bran, respectively) to predict RUP accurately in all feed categories except for soybean meal, where optimized combinations were 0.47 U of S. griseus protease/ml, 18 h and 435 mg CP.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF INENZYME TREATMENTS TO ASSIST EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE LEAVES AND BRANCHES OF CINNAMOMUM CASSIA COLLECTED IN YEN BAI PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Multienzyme System

In order to improve the efficiency of essential oil distillation of the leaves and branchesfrom the cassia plant (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl) growing in Yen Bai province, theeffects of enzyme treatments of the plant materials before distillation were investigated usingcrude laccase obtained from culture medium of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and Cellic Htech2 (Novozymes, Denmark), a multienzyme system consisting of cellulase and xylanase. Theresults showed that enzyme treatments increased oil yield and shorten distillation time. The useof a mixture of both enzyme systems was more effective than using them separately. Underoptimal conditions, an increase in oil yield of 41.7 % was achieved, while distillation time wasshortened from 8 to 5 hours. The enzyme treatments did not change the qualitative compositionof the essential oils. However, significant changes in the percentages of cinnamic aldehyde(69.74 % to 85.6 %) and cinnamyl acetate (17.2 % to 1.34 %) were observed.

scholarly journals Enzyme-assisted extraction of polyphenols from green yerba mate

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Winkler Heemann ◽  
Rodrigo Heemann ◽  
Paloma Kalegari ◽  
Michele Rigon Spier ◽  
Elizabeth Santin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Abstract The enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from plants has been studied as an alternative green technology and the carbohydrases have been candidates to improve the extraction process of numerous such compounds from plants. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites, generally involved in the defense against different types of stress and yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae) is a natural source of these antioxidant compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the enzyme-assisted extraction of polyphenols from green yerba mate employing response surface methodology (RSM), in order to determine the best extraction conditions. The independent variables were temperature (33.2 to 66.8 °C), enzyme concentration (0 to 336 FGBU/100g), reaction time (19 to 221 minutes) and pH (2.82 to 6.18). The use of carbohydrases increased the extraction of polyphenols from about 38.67% to 52.08%. The present results showed that all the independent variables were significant at the linear level and that temperature and pH were not significant at the quadratic level. The interactions of temperature and pH; enzyme and reaction time; and enzyme and pH were significant. The regression model presented a determination coefficient (R2) close to 0.85 and a fitted value close to 0.45. Considering the results of this study and their industrial viability, the best conditions for the extraction of polyphenols from green yerba mate are a temperature of 50.0 °C, enzyme concentration of 168 FGB/100 g, reaction time of 120 minutes and pH value of 4.50. This study was the first RSM-based report of the optimization of the enzyme-assisted extraction of total phenolic compounds from green yerba mate.

Variations in essential oil yield and composition during Cinnamomum cassia bark growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilei Geng ◽  
Zhaoxue Cui ◽  
Xinchao Huang ◽  
Yufen Chen ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Development and Evaluation of Chia Seed Mucilage-based Buccal Mucoadhesive, Sustained Release Tablet of Venlafaxine

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3536-3543
Author(s):  
Pankaj P Nerkar ◽  
Hitendra Mahajan ◽  
Pradum Ige ◽  
Rima Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Seed Mucilage

In the present study we performed extraction of chia seed mucilage, formulation, and evaluation of buccal mucoadhesive tablet containing extracted mucialge and venlafaxine, an commonly used antidepressant. Tablets were prepared using a formulation mixture of calcium phosphate, talc and magnesium stearate. Tablets were prepared by experimental factorial design software, using central composite design; where the concentration of chia seeds mucilage and that of magnesium stearates were independent variables. Drug release, friability and mucoadhesive strength were studied as dependent variables. Tablets were characterized for post compression profile. The optimized formulation showed the maximum drug release as 99.4% in 6 h, friability of 0.53% and mucoadhesive strength of 20.3 g. These features appear to be adequate for developing a buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery system for venlafaxine.  

scholarly journals A novel bleaching approach: Microwave assisted sunflower oil bleaching and optimization

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e437
Author(s):  
Ş. S. Seçilmiş ◽  
D. Koçak Yanık ◽  
S. Fadıloğlu ◽  
F. Göğüş
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Bleaching Clay ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Totox Value ◽  
Central Composite

The factors affecting the microwave bleaching of sunflower oil and the interaction between them were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology using a three-factor five-level central composite rotatable design. Microwave power, time and the amount of bleaching clay were selected as independent variables studied in the range of 70-120 W, 2-15 min, and 0.01-0.5%. The dependent variables that measure the bleaching efficiency and oil quality were evaluated as hue angle, chroma and totox value. Optimization was carried out by minimizing totox and chroma and maximizing hue angle. Hue angle, chroma and totox were found as 96.91, 37.66 and 23.31 under optimal conditions. Optimal microwave bleaching was successfully performed by using less bleaching clay (0.4%) and a shorter time (8 min) compared to the current industrial application without any adverse effect on oil quality. Hence, microwave bleaching is thought to be an alternative method for the bleaching of edible oils.

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