scholarly journals Price Setting Dynamics Modeling on the One Product Market Under Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Yevgeny Bizyanov ◽  
Nataliia Podgornaya
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Equilibrium Price ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Equilibrium Level ◽  
The One ◽  
New Good

This article discusses various options for studying the classic Evans model for assessing the dynamics of price setting for a new good in the conditions of uncertainty in the behavior of the market and the producer. The Evans model with fuzzy coefficients for supply and demand curves was used for modeling. As a result, it was found that when the level of opportunity for the parameters of the supply and demand curves change, the ranges of the equilibrium price will change, as well as the time of its establishment – the achievement of the equilibrium level. In addition, modeling was produced taking into account the lag in the supply from around the delay in the receipt of information on sales. The introduction of a fuzzy lag into the Evans model at a certain ratio of supply and demand parameters leads to significant price fluctuations, which can upset the equilibrium in the market, as well as lead to significant fluctuations in profit for the producer. The implementation of the Evans model with a lag in the proposal was carried out using the Simulink program of the Matlab. As a result of modeling, the dependences of the time for establishing the equilibrium price and the elevation of the price amplitude over its equilibrium value were obtained as a function of the opportunity’s level.

scholarly journals Giffen goods, backward bending supply curves, price controls and praxeology; or, who’s afraid of the big bad boogie man of giffen goods and backward bending supply curves? Not us

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-373
Author(s):  
Walter Block ◽  
William Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
Resource Misallocation ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Usual Manner ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
The Status

What is the status of claims about the effects of minimum wage laws? Empirical or praxeological? We claim the latter. How can the effect of such legislation be best analyzed under the assumption of mis-behaving supply (backward bending) and demand (positively sloped, based on positing Giffen goods) curves? In the usual manner: resource misallocation still occurs. But this is only arguendo. More radically, such curves are themselves problematic. Even more radically, this, too, applies to «well behaved» supply and demand curves as well. Key words: Backward Bending Supply Curves, Price Controls, Praxeology, Giffen Goods, Logical Positivism. JEL Classification: D0. Resumen: ¿Cuál es el status del análisis sobre los efectos de las leyes de salario mínimo? ¿Empírico o praxeológico? Nosotros defendemos lo se gundo. ¿Pueden analizarse mejor los efectos de dichas leyes suponiendo curvas de oferta y demanda anómalas (como las de los bienes Giffen)? Como en el  nálisis tradicional se produce una mala asignación de recursos. En todo caso, tanto tales curvas, como las tradicionales son muy problemáticas. Palabras clave: Control de precios, praxeología, bienes de Giffen, positivismo lógico. Clasificación JEL: D0.

scholarly journals Analysis of Egg Price Fluctuation and Cause

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Wu Yuhuan ◽  
Qin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Price Fluctuations ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection Policy ◽  
The Government

In 2017, egg price in China has experienced a lot of ups and downs, which has had a significant impact on the laying hen farmers and the enterprises and related enterprises. In the first half of 2017, egg price fell, which has dropped to a minimum of 4.02 yuan/kg, while the profits of egg producers were impaired and the profit of egg processing enterprises declined. Starting in July, egg price recovered, breaking a price of 5 yuan/kg. Egg price rose sharply in August, reaching an average of 8.53 yuan/kg. In October, egg price began to fall, with a price of 7 yuan/kg. In November, egg price began to rise, rising to 8 yuan/kg. The sudden drop of egg price greatly affects the income and culture psychology of laying hen farmers, and influences the development of the egg industry. This study is aimed at egg price and egg price fluctuations in 2017, and get two conclusions: From January to July, due to the amount of laying hens breeding, breeding cost, information technology and the government’s environmental protection policy and terminal weak consumer spending, egg price fell sharply; egg price rebounded in August and December, and the highest price was in September and gradually steadied. At the same time, this paper analyzes the causes of egg price fluctuation from two aspects of supply and demand, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with the price fluctuations from the two aspects of enterprise and laying hen breeding farmers.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR FUZZY DEMAND ASSESSMENT FOR IT SPECIALTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Mammadovа
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
The One ◽  
Support Methods

The rapid development of information technologies and their penetration into various spheres of human activity cause a sharply increased demand for IT specialists, in many countries of the world far exceeding the supply on them. High rates of technological transformation contribute to the diversification of the IT segment of the labor market, on the one hand, stimulate the disappearance of some and the emergence of new IT specialties, on the other. This creates a discrepancy between the structure of IT-related education and the labor market demand for IT specialists of the required profile and determines the relevance of developing methods for assessing the demand for IT specialties. This article is devoted to the study and solution of the problem of identifying the demand for IT specialties in the absence of accurate and complete information about the situation in the IT market segment. For the assessment of IT specialties and their ranking by the degree of demand in the labor market, the tasks of making individual and group decisions in the context of fuzzy initial information are formulated and solved. The methodological basis of the tasks posed is multi-criteria decision support methods based on fuzzy relations of expert preferences. The proposed approach as a mathematical tool for minimizing the structural imbalance of supply and demand for IT specialties is one of the components of the system of intellectual management of the labor market of IT specialists. The latter is designed to support the adoption of scientifically based management decisions to eliminate the mismatch of supply and demand in the IT segment of the labor market in professional, quantitative and qualitative sections.

scholarly journals Real-Time Return Demand Prediction Based on Multisource Data of One-Way Carsharing Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dongbo Liu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Wanjing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Demand Prediction ◽  
Data User ◽  
User Characteristic ◽  
Destination Station ◽  
The One

One-way carsharing system has been widely adopted in the carsharing field due to its flexible services. However, as one of the main limitations of the one-way carsharing system, the imbalance between supply and demand needs to be solved. Predicting pick-up demand has been studied to achieve the goal, but using returned vehicles to reduce unnecessary relocation is also one of the important methods. Nowadays, trajectory data and other data are available for real-time prediction for return demand. Based on the return demand prediction, the relocation response can be more reasonable. Thus, the balance of demand and supply can be largely improved. The multisource data include trajectory data, user application log data, order data, station data, and user characteristic data. Based on these data, a return demand prediction model was used to predict whether the user will return the vehicle in 15 min in real time, and a destination station prediction model was applied to forecast which station the user will park at. Finally, a case study using ten stations’ one-week field data was conducted to test the benefit of the dynamic return demand prediction. The results showed that the return demand prediction improves the efficiency of the relocations by mitigating the condition that the station parking space is full or empty. The potential application of this study would effectively reduce unnecessary relocation and further formulate an active operation optimization strategy to reduce the system’s operational cost and improve the service quality of the system.

Equilibrium with Constant Returns

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Balasko
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Convex Cone ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Price System ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
The One ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Privately Owned

This chapter analyzes an equilibrium model where privately owned firms feature either smooth decreasing or constant returns to scale. Profit of the constant returns to scale firms being equal to zero at equilibrium, the equilibrium of the model does not depend on the ownership structure of these firms. In addition, the convex conical production sets of these firms sum up into a convex cone. It is as if the production sector operating under constant returns consists of a unique firm. The general equilibrium model with decreasing and constant returns to scale firms is essentially the same model as the one considered in Chapter 10 with the addition of a unique firm operating under constant returns to scale. Nevertheless, this addition is enough to hamstring the approach of the preceding chapters based on the concept of price system that equates aggregate supply and demand. The solution is to add to that price system the activity of the constant returns to scale firm.

Ways of Applying Destination Management Concepts to the Development of Internal Tourism in Uzbekistan

2015 ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Navruz-Zoda ◽  
Nutfillo Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The One ◽  
Organic Combination

This chapter examines the role of the destination approach in the development of internal tourism in Uzbekistan. The trump-card of tourism in Uzbekistan is ancient cities like Tashkent, Samarkand, Shakhrisabz, Bukhara and Khiva. The chapter is focused on substantiation of destination model of tourism management, based on a junction of regional management and marketing theories. In order to reform the one-dimensional “package” system of tourism supply that operates in Uzbekistan to a multi-sided “integration” system it is recommended to run “creating destinations” policy in the tourism industry. That implies the creation process of integrated tourist destination based on organic combination of tourism supply and demand. The chapter describes seven stages of destination creating process: determination of purpose of visit in tourist location; selection of sights from destinations; clarification and analyzing destinations creating factors, explanation principles of creating destination; development criteria of creating destinations; creation of attractive destinations; arrangement of destination management system.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRICE OF FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 011
Author(s):  
Thiago Manoel Sozinho ◽  
David Alexandre Buratto ◽  
Anadalvo Juazeiro Dos Santos ◽  
João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Frega
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
The State ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biomass For Energy

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the production and price of biomass from native and planted forests of the state of Paraná (Brazil), between 1998 and 2015, based on the behavior of the prices of the products, according to variations of their supply or demand. The annual rates for growth of the price and quantity produced were calculated and related to the displacements of the supply and demand curves of the products. The results indicated a decrease in the quantity and an increase in the biomass price for native forests, which caused a shift in the supply curve to the left. For the biomass of planted forests, the demand curve shifted to the right due to the demand increase of this product for energy production. The behavior of both curves indicated a substitution of the biomass from native forests to biomass from planted forests due to factors related to the increase of environmental protection regarding the native forests located in the state of Paraná

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE HOUSING MARKET IN LITHUANIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feliksas Ivanauskas ◽  
Rimantas Eidukevičius ◽  
Albinas Marčinskas ◽  
Birutė Galinienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Cointegration and Granger causality tests were used for the statistical analyses of the housing market in Lithuania. The relationship between the cost of housing and afford‐ability on the one hand, and interest rates, GDP and average incomes on the other was not proven to exist using the given statistical methods. The period of increase in the cost of housing in Lithuania over the last five years is exceptional and difficult to explain using fundamental economic factors and their fluctuation trends alone. The cost of housing has made a clear departure from the economic (business) cycle; the economy has grown, however at a much slower rate than rising costs in the housing market. The reasons for this situation are record lows in interest rates, good conditions to gain financing, the liberalisation of financial markets, speculative attitudes in expectation of the introduction of the Euro, and a divide between the supply and demand of housing that is available. It should be noted that the evaluation of the influence of these factors on fluctuations in costs in the housing market is more hypothetical in nature. Santrauka Nekilnojamojo turto rinkos Lietuvoje statistinei analizei buvo naudojami kointegravimo ir Grangerio priežastingumo testai. Taikant esamus statistinius metodus nebuvo įrodyta, kad egzistavo ryšys tarp nekilnojamojo turto kainos ir įperkamumo, viena vertus, ir palūkanų normų, BVP bei vidutinių pajamų, kita vertus. Nekilnojamojo turto kainos Lietuvoje didėjimo per pastaruosius penketą metų laikotarpis yra išskirtinis ir sunkiai paaiškinamas remiantis vien pagrindiniais ekonominiais veiksniais ir jų svyravimų tendencijomis. Nekilnojamojo turto kaina aiškiai nukrypo nuo ekonomikos (verslo) ciklo; ekonomika išaugo, tačiau gerokai lėtesniu tempu nei augančios kainos nekilnojamojo turto rinkoje. Šios situacijos priežastys – rekordiškai mažos palūkanų normos, geros sąlygos gauti fi nansavimą, fi nansų rinkos liberalizavimas, spekuliaciniai požiūriai tikintis įsivesti eurą ir takoskyra tarp esamo nekilnojamojo turto pasiūlos ir paklausos. Pažymėtina, kad šių veiksnių įtakos kainų svyravimo nekilnojamojo turto rinkoje įvertinimas yra labiau hipotetinis.

Past as future: The discourse of Chuantong in twentiethcentury China1

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Pi Li
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
New Wave ◽  
May Fourth Movement ◽  
New Era ◽  
Fourth Movement ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
The One

Abstract This article discusses the approaches of Chinese intellectuals and artists to tradition throughout the twentieth century. Tradition in China is understood, on the one hand, as a notion born in a framework constructed by twentieth-century Chinese intellectuals and their realm of senses and concept of time, on the other hand as a notion driven by modernity and capitalism to anchor a work of art to a distinguishable point of time. Hence, the article will first review a series of debates on old and new culture that have taken place since the May Fourth Movement. It will then move on to discuss how contemporary artists made peace with tradition since the '85 New Wave, a new era when artists are also subject to market forces of supply and demand.

On the issue of supply and demand of marketing specialists in the Ulyanovsk region

10.12737/7623 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
�������� ◽  
Marina Saburova ◽  
������� ◽  
R. Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Marketing Education ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
The One

Many publications of Russian and foreign researchers tell about need of critical reconsideration of programs of marketing education. The priority in this process is taken by a problem of reduction of the content of vocational training of marketing specialists in compliance with the requirements of labor market. The cause is that, on the one hand, the demand of graduates is observed by labor market, on the other hand - employers are not quite satisfied with the level of their competence. Results of research of a demand of marketing specialists by labor market of the Ulyanovsk region and poll of the high school teachers participating in vocational training of marketing specialists about the formed competences and personal characteristics of future marketing specialists are presented in this article. In the article the attention to a question of is also paid what professional knowledge, abilities and personal qualities is not enough for the young specialists in marketing who just left walls of higher education institution, ways of overcoming of barriers "good theoretical base - bad orientation to practical activities" within training are given in higher education institution. In the conclusion the conclusion about what "portrait" of the modern marketing specialist who left walls of higher education institution is drawn.

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