Pedoarcheological Research of the Zhayyk-1 Kurgan

Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik ◽

10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2020.1.16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 285-293

Author(s):

Maxim Eltsov

Keyword(s):

Block Structure ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Entire Structure ◽

Historical Monuments ◽

Three Stages ◽

Joint Study ◽

The Moment ◽

Humus Horizons ◽

Dark Pink

The article reveals the results of pedoarchaeological research of the Zhayyk-kurgan. The research is based on the pedoarchaeological method in the study of historical monuments as a part of natural. The essence of this method is a joint study of modern soils and ancient paleosols of different age archaeological monuments. The obtained data allowed us to clarify the construction features of the archaeological monument’s ground mound, as well as to suggest the time of its building. Natural conditions in this period (probably 5th century BC) were generally similar to modern ones, the area was dominated by steppe landscapes with dark chestnut soils. The сentral part of the kurgan was built of soil blocks, which are cut out upper humus horizons of the soil in their natural composition. The inner mound of the monument is surrounded by a circular moat about 80 cm deep. In the сentral part of the mound, there are traces of burning in the form of burnt and melted blocks, pieces of soil colored brick and dark pink, charred fragments of wood. The internal structure made of blocks is covered with an embankment of yellow-gray loose humus loam, which is a layer of soil lying under the humus horizon in the areas of building blocks preparation, and this material also fills the ring moat. The embankment that overlaps the primary structure, in turn, is covered with a massive gray-brown top-up that forms the appearance of the monument. It is possible to point out three stages of the kurgan construction: the moment of building a block structure with a ring moat; the stage of building the first mound, and then covering the entire structure with the mound of the last burial.

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It-Narrative and the Book as Agent

How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691114170.003.0005 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Leah Price

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Life Writing ◽

Building Blocks ◽

History Of The Book ◽

Common Interest ◽

Recent Book ◽

Historical Scholarship ◽

Shared Attention ◽

History Of ◽

The Moment

This chapter argues that the most productive overlap between recent book-historical scholarship and the longer tradition of bibliographically themed life writing lies not in their common interest in human subjects, but rather in their shared attention to the circulation of things. Analytical bibliographers have shown that books accrue meaning not just at the moment of manufacture, but through their subsequent uses: buying and selling, lending and borrowing, preserving and destroying. A history of the book that took that whole range of transactions as building blocks could usefully borrow its formal conventions from the “it-narrative”: a fictional autobiography in which a thing traces its travels among a series of richer and poorer owners.

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On the block structure of the quantum ℛ-matrix in the three-strand braids

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x18501051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (17) ◽

pp. 1850105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Bishler ◽

An. Morozov ◽

Sh. Shakirov ◽

A. Sleptsov

Keyword(s):

Block Structure ◽

Representation Formula ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Essential Condition ◽

The Road ◽

Finite Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Irreducible Representation ◽

On The Road ◽

Homfly Polynomials ◽

Block Diagonal

Quantum [Formula: see text]-matrices are the building blocks for the colored HOMFLY polynomials. In the case of three-strand braids with an identical finite-dimensional irreducible representation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] associated with each strand, one needs two matrices: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. They are related by the Racah matrices [Formula: see text]. Since we can always choose the basis so that [Formula: see text] is diagonal, the problem is reduced to evaluation of [Formula: see text]-matrices. This paper is one more step on the road to simplification of such calculations. We found out and proved for some cases that [Formula: see text]-matrices could be transformed into a block-diagonal ones by the rotation in the sectors of coinciding eigenvalues. The essential condition is that there is a pair of accidentally coinciding eigenvalues among eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] matrix. In this case in order to get a block-diagonal matrix, one should rotate the [Formula: see text] defined by the Racah matrix in the accidental sector by the angle exactly [Formula: see text].

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The Family Group in Golden Hamsters: Its Formation and Break-Up

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853961x00015 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 17 (2-3) ◽

pp. 81-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

T.E. Rowell

Keyword(s):

Small Groups ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Play Fighting ◽

The Third ◽

Contact Behaviour ◽

The Family ◽

Third Stage ◽

Three Stages ◽

Break Up

AbstractI. Behaviour of the golden hamster during normal parturition is described. 2. This is compared with behaviour of mothers who did not rear their litters because of faulty response to suckling attempts by the pups. Absence of milk at the nipples is suggested as a cause for this unwillingness to nurse. 3. Pups which are not born in the nest are often abandoned. 4. Pups born dead are often treated as food, but live pups are not eaten until after parturition is over. 5. Litters do not form into the characteristic compact unit until they have fed and been brooded. 6. Three stages in family break-up are recognised: (i) At about twentyfive days the mother begins to wean her litter, stops rebuilding the old nest, and may build a smaller one elsewhere. It is possible she would normally leave her litter at this point. (ii) During their fifth week the pups stop trying to suckle and showing contact behaviour ; they begin to sleep in small groups, and seem to try to escape from the mother's cage. At this time the mother attacks them occasionally. (iii) With sexual maturity of the females (six weeks) play-fighting stops, and marking was not seen. If a female becomes pregnant she becomes dominant in a few days, but does not dare fight the mother. 7. It is likely that the third stage is an artefact of captivity and that the litter would be left by the mother in stage (i) and would largely disperse during stage (ii) in natural conditions. 8. The interpretations of observations described are necessarily tentative, and need experimental tests before they can be accepted.

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PROBABILITY ESTIMATION DEGREE OF DANGER VESSELS RAPPROCHEMENT

Shipping & Navigation ◽

10.31653/2306-5761.30.2020.27-33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

I. A. Burmaka ◽

◽

A.V. Yanchetskyy ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Process Control ◽

Relative Position ◽

Mobile Objects ◽

Second Stage ◽

Third Stage ◽

Independent Process ◽

Three Stages ◽

The Moment

In the article is specified, that a decision-making process contains the following stages: control of environment, including relative position and parameters of relative motion, the exposure of situation of rapprochement of vessels, in the case of rapprochement of vessels it is necessary to produce estimation of degree of his danger, at dangerous rapprochement is needed to define the type of co-operation, depending on the degree of danger of situation of rapprochement the choice of strategy of divergence is produced. On the first stage of process of decision-making surrounding mobile objects come to light by ARPA or AIS, for which is measured parameters of motion and relative position. It is shown that on the second stage of process of decision-making, using the measured parameters, it is necessary to expect the value of speed of change of distance between vessels, taking into account that at its negative value ships are drawn together. On the third stage of process of decision-making at rapprochement of vessels estimation of degree of his danger is produced, what development of situation of rapprochement to the moment of time of their shortest rapprochement is forecast for. On the fourth stage of decision-making it is necessary to define the type of cooperation of the drawn together vessels, taking into account principle their process control of divergence. It is especially substantial for principle of locally-independent management by the process of divergence, when coordination of co-operation of vessels at dangerous rapprochement is needed. The fifth stage of decision-making is characterized by the choice of strategy of divergence, thus at the locally-independent process control of divergence the choice of strategy of divergence is produced depending on the degree of danger of situation of rapprochement, by the standard maneuver of divergence or for excessive rapprochement of vessels it is necessary to use the maneuver of urgent divergence. In work as the index of efficiency of the analytical collision avoidance systems vessels probability of safe completion of process of divergence, which is work of probabilities of successful end of stages of process of decision-making on the choice of strategy of divergence, is offered. It is shown that first three stages of decision-making on the choice of strategy of divergence are characterized by general probability of absence of danger of collision on condition that distance of the shortest rapprochement is equal to the set minimum-possible distance of rapprochement. For determination of the mentioned probability the error of distance of the shortest rapprochement is considered and expression is got for the closeness of its distributing. To that end collected dependence of error of distance of the shortest rapprochement from the errors of measuring of distance and bearing. By the got expression for the closeness of distributing of error of distance of the shortest rapprochement probability is certain of that at equality of distance of the shortest rapprochement with limit-possible distance of rapprochement there will not be the collision.

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La elección de los grados de Maestro/a: análisis de tendencias e incidencia del género y la titulación

Educatio Siglo XXI ◽

10.6018/educatio.408581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 301-324

Author(s):

Diana Marín Suelves ◽

Enrique García Tort ◽

Vicente Gabarda Méndez

Keyword(s):

Primary Education ◽

Dropout Rate ◽

Complex Process ◽

Three Stages ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

And Gender ◽

The Moment ◽

Educación Primaria ◽

University Degree ◽

Over Time

La elección de estudios universitarios es un proceso complejo en el que influyen diferentes variables. En este estudio se analizan los motivos de elección de carrera del alumnado de los Grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de la Universitat de València en la última década, así como las posibles diferencias en los motivos a lo largo del tiempo y en función del Grado y del sexo. Utilizando como instrumento de recogida de información, un cuestionario adaptado de otra investigación en el contexto español, se analizan las motivaciones de un total de 769 estudiantes de estas titulaciones, recogidas en tres tiempos (cursos: 2010-2011, 2014-2015 y 2018-2019). Los resultados permiten detectar que las motivaciones del alumnado de los grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria son de carácter fundamentalmente intrínseco, independientemente del momento, del sexo de los participantes y del grado elegido. Sin embargo, las motivaciones extrínsecas, que ocupan el segundo lugar en el caso de los hombres, descienden a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que las trascendentes, las segundas en el caso de las mujeres, aumentan según avanza la década. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a entender por qué en estos grados la demanda es alta y la tasa de abandono muy baja. Choosing a university degree is a complex process influenced by different variables. This study reports on the reasons provided by students at the Universitat de València to enrol in the Infant and Primary Education degrees during the last decade. This study also identifies possible differences in the motives over time and depending on the degree and gender. Using as a tool for collecting data a questionnaire adapted from existing research in the Spanish context, the motivations of a total of 769 students of these degrees, collected in three stages, were analysed. The outcome allows us to detect that the motivations of the students to choose this kind of Degrees are fundamentally intrinsic, regardless of the moment, the gender of the participants and the degree. However, extrinsic motivations, which are the second most referred to in the case of men, decrease over time, while transcendent ones, the second most referred to type of motivation by women, increase as the decade progresses. These results can help to understand why the demand for these degrees is high and the dropout rate is very low.

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Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones

European Journal of Mineralogy ◽

10.5194/ejm-33-687-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 687-702

Author(s):

Laure Gatuingt ◽

Stéphanie Rossano ◽

Jean-Didier Mertz ◽

Chloé Fourdrin ◽

Olivier Rozenbaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Natural Phenomenon ◽

Reductive Dissolution ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

Building Stones ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Time Result ◽

Mn Species ◽

Mn Content ◽

Over Time

Abstract. The formation of iron- and/or manganese-rich dark patinas on sandstones is a common natural phenomenon that occurs also on building stones. Lunéville château, in eastern France, presents such patinas that developed either under natural conditions (rain and time) or after an accidental fire and exposure to significant amounts of water as part of attempts to extinguish the fire. The present study aimed at characterizing both types of patinas in an effort to determine their formation mechanisms and Mn sources. In both cases, Mn required for patina formation likely derives from the reductive dissolution of Mn-rich minerals present in pristine sandstones, as suggested by the contrasting mineralogy and chemistry of Mn-rich phases present in the bulk and in the patina of a given building block. Reduced Mn species then migrate to the exposed surface of building blocks where they are re-oxidized via undetermined processes. Patinas developing “naturally” over time result from the alternation of wetting-reducing and drying-oxidizing cycles and appear to be composed of birnessite. Patinas formed after the 2003 fire result from this single accidental event and form a much thinner, heterogeneous, and discontinuous layer of poorly crystalline lithiophorite at the sandstone surface (∼ 0–150 µm compared to ∼ 300–600 µm for “natural” patinas). The lack of Mn-rich patinas on areas of Lunéville château is likely related to the lower Mn content of pristine sandstone blocks.

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Two Sociological Outlooks

Islamic Economy and Social Mobility - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9731-7.ch003 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 69-106

Keyword(s):

Social Structure ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Building Blocks ◽

The Social ◽

Nature And Nurture ◽

The Moment ◽

The Individual

The sociological distinction between ascribed and achieved statuses and the typology of roles attached to them construct “status sets” that form the building blocks of class, social inequality and stratification – the most important components of social structure. Among other topics, this chapter addresses the correspondences between work, salvation, piety and economics, by discussing the complexity of meanings in Islam, and through a discourse on Islamic culture. Both theoretically and empirically, we argue that work and social mobility have advanced by placing emphasis on achieved status rather than ascribed status, as in the Protestant vision. The prevalent assumption is that everybody is born with equal capabilities that can be actualized by individual endeavors. Thus, from the Protestant viewpoint, achieved statuses, and the social roles attached to them to build up the social structure, are more individually than socially based. This statement, that reflects a long debate on the role of nature and nurture, does not mean the authors are underestimating societal resources by an emphasis on psychologism. Attempts are made to avoid both sociologism and psychologism especially where theological foundational concerns are built upon here and beyond. Nonetheless, since creation starts with motivation, there are individuals who are prone to uphold and judge their creations to achieve a status without expert information. That is the moment that societal auditioning in various forms hold individuals' estimation of their creation to the societal standards whether in terms of subjectivity of taste or normative demands of a status. By de-emphasizing ascribed status, the individual's endeavors to gain rewards, material or non-material in this world not only contribute to capital accumulation, or prestige, but also open the avenue for the individual who believes in salvation, or engagement in innovation and scientific experimentation. As functionalists suggest, the expectation of reward, failure, and specialization create social inequality – that is, the qualities such as a degree of religiosity that have nothing to do with the stratification of people. If the degree of religiosity, measured by frequency of attending church or mosque, is able to impact drastically upon societal stratification, then the more stratified societies with large gaps between social classes are able to close them harmoniously.

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TINGKAT KEMENARIKAN NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DESA BUGISAN BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI WISATAWAN DAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL

Pringgitan ◽

10.47256/pringgitan.v1i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Annisaa Nurul Atiqah ◽

Rekta Deskarina

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Local Communities ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Cultural Arts ◽

Central Java ◽

Art And Culture ◽

The Moment ◽

The Village ◽

Main Attraction

Plaosan Temple is one of the famous new tourist destinations at the moment located in Bugisan Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java. Beautiful natural conditions become part of the attraction of a tour in the village of Bugisan. In addition to the natural conditions, the Bugisan Village has several values of local wisdom that have been passed down from generation to generation by the local community. This study aims to assess the perceptions of tourists and local communities regarding the values of local wisdom in the Bugisan Village. Based on the value of local wisdom in the Bugisan Village include (1) Cultural Arts: Srandul, Jathilan, Campur Sari, Gejog Lesung, Karawitan, (2)Myth: Mbah Budho Mound and Njamasi Keris, (3) Socio-Economy: Agriculture, Trade, Crafts, Traditional Transportation Models, (4)Local Architecture. Based on the perceptions of tourists and local people, art and culture aspects are considered the most interesting and potential to be developed as the main attraction in the Bugisan Village. Keywords: attractiveness level, bugisan village, local wisdom

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