scholarly journals Trends in agricultural and non-agricultural wages in Karnataka state

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Deepa G. Wader ◽  
G.N. Kulkarn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Agricultural Labourer ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Agricultural Wages ◽  
State Growth

The present study attempts to analyse trends in growth in agricultural and nonagricultural labourer across the districts of Karnataka state. For the study secondary data of twentyfive years for the period from 1991 to 2015 was collected from the Directorate of Economics and statistics, Karnataka state. Growth rate of both male and female average daily wages are significantly positive, which indicated increasing wage trend in both dry land and irrigated conditions in different study districts. Compound annual growth rate of daily wages of male agricultural labourers in dry land and irrigated condition is comparatively high in Dharawad, Raichur and Hassan districts. The compound growth rates in wages across districts in dry and irrigated regions for female agricultural workers remained almost the same between 9.1 to 13.1 per cent. It could be, therefore, ascertained that there has been only a marginal changes in the wages across the districts of the state. Growth rate in daily wages for carpenter, blacksmith and mochis in different districts ranged between 7.2 per cent to 12.7 per cent per annum. Comparison of the growth rates of agricultural labourer and non-agricultural labourer, showed that agricultural wages grew at a faster rate than non-agricultural wages across the districts. The daily actual wages of both male and female agricultural labourer were compared with minimum wage price in the state revealed that, more than 75 per cent of districts in state are paying below the minimum wages announced for male agricultural labourer, whereas for female agricultural labourer in all the districts of the state showed less than minimum wages.

The effect of level of environment on sex differences in pre-weaning growth rate in beef cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Simple Regression

SUMMARYUsing pre-weaning records of 3822 calves from 11 Victorian herds, mean male and female growth rates and corresponding sex differences were calculated for each dam age and herd-year class. From these means simple regression equations relating sex differences and growth rates were calculated. There was a close similarity between equations based on dam age means and those based on herd-year means while correlations between sex differences and male growth rates were high.These results showed that sex differences and female growth rates could be predicted reliably from the level of environment as measured by male growth rate. Sex differences predicted by these regression relationships differed markedly from those predicted by the simple multiplicative and simple additive models generally used in adjusting for sex differences in selection.The results also suggested that other differences such as breed differences may be predictable in the same way and that such differences are determined primarily by the level of environment per se rather than differences in the nature of the components contributing to that level.

The Relative Growth of Parts in Palaemon Carcinus

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
M. A. TAZELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Linear measurements of certain appendages and the carapace of P. carcinus were made and plotted in various ways. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The cheliped shows heterogonic growth in both male and female, but more markedly in the male, the values of k being: male 1.8 and female 1.48 2. The pereiopods in both male and female are slightly heterogonic. The relative growth rates are graded from p3 to p5, that of p3 being slightly greater than that of p5 3. Of the ordinary pereiopods the rate of growth of p1 is the smallest in the male, but the largest in the female. 4. The difference between the rates of growth of p1 and p3 in male and female is greatest where the rate of growth in the heterogonic organ, the cheliped, is most excessive in the male. 5. The growth of the 3rd maxilliped is slightly negatively heterogonic, the value of k in the male being 0.93 and in the female 0.95. Hence there seems to be a correlation between the marked heterogony in the cheliped on the growth rate of neighbouring appendages. In those immediately posterior to the cheliped the growth rate is increased and in those anterior decreased.

Interannual variation in birth mass and postnatal growth rate of Juan Fernández fur seals

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ochoa-Acuña ◽  
John M Francis ◽  
Daryl J Boness
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Attendance Pattern

The objectives of this study were to establish body mass at birth, postnatal growth rate, and the factors that influence these parameters for the Juan Fernández fur seal, Arctocephalus philippii. Females of this species have an unusual attendance pattern in which foraging trips and shore visits last, on average, 12.3 and 5.3 days, respectively. Pup mass was obtained from cohorts born during the reproductive seasons in 1988 through 1992. Birth masses of male and female pups were significantly different, averaging 6.1 and 5.5 kg, respectively (F = 13.2, P < 0.0003, n = 238). Birth masses also differed among cohorts, being lowest in 1992 and highest in 1990. During the first 2 months of life, male and female pups grew at the same rate (79 ± 61.5 g · day-1 (mean ± SD); F[1] = 0.03, P = 0.8562). Interannual differences in growth rate during the first month were significant (F[4] = 8.14, P < 0.0001), as was the interaction between month and year effects (F[2] = 6.81, P = 0.0012). Growth rates for the 1990 cohort were lower than those in all other years except 1992. Birth masses and postnatal growth rates of Juan Fernández fur seal pups are comparable to those of other otariid species.

Population structure, growth rates and spatial distribution of two dioecious tree species in a wet forest in Puerto Rico

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Forero-Montaña ◽  
Jess K. Zimmerman ◽  
Jill Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract:Dioecious plants often exhibit male-biased sex ratios and sexual differences in life history traits such as plant size, growth rate and frequency of flowering, which arise from the different costs of reproduction for male and female plants. In tropical dioecious species sexual differences in reproductive costs have been demonstrated for several subcanopy species, but few canopy dioecious trees have been studied. We recorded the sexual expression of c. 2600 trees of Cecropia schreberiana and Dacryodes excelsa, two canopy dioecious species, during several censuses over 2 y in a 16-ha plot located in ‘subtropical wet forest’ in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. There were similar numbers of male and female trees of C. schreberiana but D. excelsa had a female-biased population. Cecropia schreberiana showed no differences in male and female diameter distributions or growth rates, suggesting that reproductive maturation and longevity are similar for both sexes. This lack of differences in size and growth rate in C. schreberiana may result from mechanisms to compensate for the higher cost of reproduction in females, no resource limitation related to its pioneer life-history, or similar male and female reproductive costs. In contrast, D. excelsa males were larger than females, probably because males grow slightly faster than females. This sexual difference in D. excelsa may reflect a higher cost of reproduction in females than in males. Spatial segregation of males and females into different habitats is not common in tropical forest and neither C. schreberiana nor D. excelsa males and females exhibited significant spatial segregation. The contrasting results for these two canopy species reflect their different life history strategies in this hurricane-affected forest.

The Effect of a Supra-Normal Threat Stimulus On the Growth Rates and Dominance Relationships of Pairs of Male and Female Golden Hamsters

Behaviour ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Swanson ◽  
A.P. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Threat Stimulus

AbstractWeanling male and female golden hamsters were caged in matched-weight pairs on removal from their mothers. There were pairs of littermates and non-littermates of each sex. One partner of each pair was dyed on the chest with a black commercial hair-dye. Over 20 days, dyed animals of both sexes had a significantly higher growth rate than their untreated partners. In observations carried out between days 10-20 of the test period, dyed animals were found to be aggressively dominant over their untreated partners, and showed more aggressive behaviour. It is suggested that the growth of untreated animals was inhibited as a "stress" response either to the presence of the supra-normal threat stimulus, or to the aggressive relationship which resulted from it.

Age estimation by measurement of pouch young of the Quokka (Setonix brachyurus).

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Shield ◽  
P Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Growth

Removal of pouch young of Setonix can lead to the resumption of development of quiescent blastocysts. Thirty-six pouch young obtained in this way have been used in this study. As the time in days from resumption of development to parturition is known, accurate ages may be calculated without actual birth or copulation being observed. These 36 animals have been repeatedly measured during their pouch life, and body weight, pes length, and tail length over the full term of pouch occupancy are given as regressions of these measures versus age. Larger-scale regressions are given for the first 80 days of pouch life. A tabulation based on the three regressions and giving average measures at stated ages is also given. During pouch life there is no difference in growth rate between male and female pouch young. Growth proportions of field-reared and compound-reared animals of comparable nutritional status are also similar. It is therefore considered that growth rates are equal, and that the age-estimation procedure established on compound-reared animals is applicable to field animals.

scholarly journals Economic performance and electoral volatility: Testing the economic voting hypothesis on Indian states, 1957–2013

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882092370
Author(s):  
Bharatee Bhusana Dash ◽  
J Stephen Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
The State ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Party Vote Shares ◽  
State Average

The consequences of variations in economic growth for vote volatility are analyzed on a panel of 14 Indian states between 1957 and 2013. Two measures of volatility are used: changes in party vote shares at the assembly level and changes in the state average of vote volatilities constructed at the constituency level. While the results find that both vary inversely with income growth rates, volatility at the constituency level is found to be more sensitive to growth rates. Examination of the periodicity of income growth’s impact finds that growth in the final year of governance has a stronger effect on volatility than does the average growth rate arising over the incumbent’s tenure. We confirm for Indian states that vote volatility responds more to negative changes than positive changes in the growth rate and, by decomposing volatility and find, contrary to most studies, that growth rates affect internal vote shifting more than between exiting parties and newcomers. The responsiveness of volatility to economic and political characteristics of the state reinforces the hypothesis that theories of economic voting have an important role to play in understanding electoral volatility and may provide a more insightful way of approaching the political business cycle.

Comparison of copper sulphate pentahydrate growth rates determined by different methods

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jiří Hostomský ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Axel König
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Data Treatment

Crystal growth rates of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5 H2O) determined by different authors and methods are compared. The methods included in this comparison are: (i) Measurement on a fixed crystal suspended in a streaming solution, (ii) measurement on a rotating disc, (iii) measurement in a fluidized bed, (iv) measurement in an agitated suspension. The comparison involves critical estimation of the supersaturation used in measurements, of shape factors used for data treatment and a correction for the effect of temperature. Conclusions are drawn for the choice of values to be specified when data of crystal growth rate measurements are published.

Measurement of growth rates for single crystals and pressed tablets of CuSO4.5 H2O on a rotating disc

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Good Agreement

Measured growth and dissolution rates of single crystals and tablets were used to calculate the overall linear rates of growth and dissolution of CuSO4.5 H2O crystals. The growth rate for the tablet is by 20% higher than that calculated for the single crystal. It has been concluded that this difference is due to a preferred orientation of crystal faces on the tablet surface. Calculated diffusion coefficients and thicknesses of the diffusion and hydrodynamic layers in the vicinity of the growing or dissolving crystal are in good agreement with published values.

scholarly journals Accuracy of State-Level Surveillance during Emerging Outbreaks of Respiratory Viruses: A Model-Based Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110222
Author(s):  
Yuwen Gu ◽  
Elise DeDoncker ◽  
Richard VanEnk ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Susan Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
State Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
First Come First Serve

It is long perceived that the more data collection, the more knowledge emerges about the real disease progression. During emergencies like the H1N1 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemics, public health surveillance requested increased testing to address the exacerbated demand. However, it is currently unknown how accurately surveillance portrays disease progression through incidence and confirmed case trends. State surveillance, unlike commercial testing, can process specimens based on the upcoming demand (e.g., with testing restrictions). Hence, proper assessment of accuracy may lead to improvements for a robust infrastructure. Using the H1N1 pandemic experience, we developed a simulation that models the true unobserved influenza incidence trend in the State of Michigan, as well as trends observed at different data collection points of the surveillance system. We calculated the growth rate, or speed at which each trend increases during the pandemic growth phase, and we performed statistical experiments to assess the biases (or differences) between growth rates of unobserved and observed trends. We highlight the following results: 1) emergency-driven high-risk perception increases reporting, which leads to reduction of biases in the growth rates; 2) the best predicted growth rates are those estimated from the trend of specimens submitted to the surveillance point that receives reports from a variety of health care providers; and 3) under several criteria to queue specimens for viral subtyping with limited capacity, the best-performing criterion was to queue first-come, first-serve restricted to specimens with higher hospitalization risk. Under this criterion, the lab released capacity to subtype specimens for each day in the trend, which reduced the growth rate bias the most compared to other queuing criteria. Future research should investigate additional restrictions to the queue.

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