scholarly journals Sarcopenia, Currently a Hot Topic: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
JungHoon Chai ◽  
HyunJoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
And Function

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of skeletal muscle quantity and quality leading to a gradual slowing of movement, a decline in strength and power, and a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a syndrome a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. Agerelated losses in skeletal muscle mass and function have had a significant important in health care issue. In this study, we reviewed the recently introduced criteria for the Eastern and Western diagnosis of sarcopenia. A narrative review of evidence- and non-evidence-based papers was conducted, using a relevant methodological framework. This review is included the following: 1) definitions and diagnostic criteria over time; 2) pathophysiology of muscle loss; 3) management especially protein or amino acid supplementation, medications, and physical exercise.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, A Booming Concern of Ageing World: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Md Shahidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Care Costs

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. With the onset of advancing age, muscle tissue is gradually lost, resulting in diminished mass and strength, a condition referred to as sarcopenia. The sequelae of sarcopenia often contribute to frailty, decreased independence, and subsequently increased health care costs. This review article will introduce potential mechanisms that may contribute to sarcopenia, although no one mechanism has yet, and may not completely, define this process. Despite sarcopenia is an inevitable process of life, prevention and treatments are absolutely needed in order to improve the quality of life and quality adjusted life years. Adequate nutrition and structured exercises are essential components of treatment and prevention. However, even those individuals who maintain their fitness through exercise do not appear to be immune to sarcopenia. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2015; Vol. 31 (2): 110-115

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcopenia Prevention and Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Ran Uchitomi ◽  
Mamoru Oyabu ◽  
Yasutomi Kamei
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
And Function

Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia, which can lead to bedridden conditions, wheelchair confinement as well as reducing the quality of life (QOL). In developed countries with aging populations, the prevention and management of sarcopenia are important for the improvement of health and life expectancy in these populations. Recently, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been attracting attention due to its importance in sarcopenia. This review will focus on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Mitochondrial Morphology and Myomitokines in Aging Sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Vanina Romanello
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Mass Force ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia is a chronic disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, force, and function during aging. It is an emerging public problem associated with poor quality of life, disability, frailty, and high mortality. A decline in mitochondria quality control pathways constitutes a major mechanism driving aging sarcopenia, causing abnormal organelle accumulation over a lifetime. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenic muscles feedbacks systemically by releasing the myomitokines fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), influencing the whole-body homeostasis and dictating healthy or unhealthy aging. This review describes the principal pathways controlling mitochondrial quality, many of which are potential therapeutic targets against muscle aging, and the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and the myomitokines FGF21 and GDF15 in the pathogenesis of aging sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Signaling in Myogenesis: Potential for Treatment of Sarcopenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Wagatsuma ◽  
Kunihiro Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling

Muscle mass and strength progressively decrease with age, which results in a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia would lead to physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. Therefore, much is expected of an effective intervention for sarcopenia. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory evidence suggest an effect of vitamin D on muscle function. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be expressed in muscle fibers and vitamin D signaling via VDR plays a role in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Understanding how vitamin D signaling contributes to myogenesis will provide a valuable insight into an effective nutritional strategy to moderate sarcopenia. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the effect of vitamin D on skeletal muscle and myogenic cells and discuss the potential for treatment of sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia: a clinical review

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Cruz-Jentoft
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Syndromic Approach ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Near Future

SummaryAlthough sarcopenia has been used to define muscle mass loss in older subjects, muscle mass is not directly linked to muscle function. Recent definitions consider sarcopenia as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes, such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. It is closely linked with physical frailty, and also with other muscle wasting disorders, including cachexia and malnutrition. This review focuses on the incorporation of sarcopenia into clinical practice, reviews case finding and diagnosis of sarcopenia, proposes a syndromic approach for the diagnostic work-up of sarcopenic patients, and looks at intervention trials with physical exercise and nutrition, as drugs to treat this condition are not expected to be available in the near future.

scholarly journals Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Health: A Narrative Review

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Hamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pubmed Search

Background: Breathing is an essential part of life. Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is slow and deep breathing that affects the brain and the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems through the modulation of autonomic nervous functions. However, the effects of DB on human health need to be further investigated. Methods: The author conducted a PubMed search regarding the current evidence of the effect of DB on health. Results: This review consists of a total of 10 systematic reviews and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DB appears to be effective for improving the exercise capacity and respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the effect of DB on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with asthma needs to be investigated, it may also help in reducing stress; treating eating disorders, chronic functional constipation, hypertension, migraine, and anxiety; and improving the QoL of patients with cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with heart failure. Conclusions: Based on this narrative review, the exact usefulness of DB in clinical practice is unclear due to the poor quality of studies. However, it may be a feasible and practical treatment method for various disorders.

scholarly journals Case Report on a Misdiagnosed Case of Subcortical Vascular Dementia – the Importance of Sound Knowledge of Psychiatry With Proper History Taking

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Natasha Subhas ◽  
Nicholas Tze Ping Pang ◽  
Kok Yoon Chee ◽  
Norzaini Rose Mohd Zain ◽  
Kok Liang Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Subcortical Vascular Dementia ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
And Function

Psychiatric symptoms at presentation may often be missed, if not suspected or specifically explored. A missed psychiatric diagnosis may lead to dire consequences in terms of poor quality of life and function for the patient, affecting overall quality of healthcare provided. This lady presented with depressive symptoms after multiple strokes and was initially diagnosed as post stroke depression. However, after it was observed that she did not show any improvement in symptoms despite being on antidepressants, subsequent further investigations revealed a history more suggestive of subcortical vascular dementia. Consequently, detailed neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessments, including NUCOG, and relevant investigations including MRI brain scans were performed suggesting a diagnosis of vascular dementia. This case illustrates that an insufficiently thorough assessment and treatment process results in unnecessary morbidity, prolongs duration of illness, and increases social and occupational dysfunction to the patient. Hence, it further underscores the need to perform a thorough history, physical examination and relevant investigations to ensure organic etiologies are ruled out in clients with relevant sociodemographic and clinical risk factors.

Abstract NS8: Prevalence and Relating Factors of Sleep Disturbances at 3 Months Post Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smi Choi-Kwon ◽  
Minhee Suh ◽  
Jong S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Background: Post-stroke sleep disturbances (PSSD) are common and associated with various adverse outcomes. However, PSSD in the subacute stages of stroke have been scarcely studied. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of and the factors related to PSSDs in stroke patients 3 months post-stroke. Methods: A total of 199 patients were evaluated for PSSD at 3 months after stroke. The quality of nighttime sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) were assessed using the Verran Snyder-Halpern sleep scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, respectively. Presence of motor dysfunction and post-stroke pain, post-stroke depression, fatigue, and social support were evaluated. Results: Eighty eight patients (44.2%) had poor quality of night time sleep. Twenty eight patients (14.4%) reported EDS. Poor quality of sleep was independently associated with depression (p = 0.044) and EDS (p = 0.041) whereas fatigue (p = 0.000) and poor nighttime sleep (p = 0.045) were independently associated with EDS. Post-stroke pain and social support showed no association with PSSD. Conclusions: We found that PSSD 3 month post-stroke is common. Although causality remained to be determined, depression and nighttime sleep disturbances were related, whereas fatigue and nighttime sleep disturbances were related to EDS.

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