scholarly journals Vitamin D Signaling in Myogenesis: Potential for Treatment of Sarcopenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Wagatsuma ◽  
Kunihiro Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling

Muscle mass and strength progressively decrease with age, which results in a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia would lead to physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. Therefore, much is expected of an effective intervention for sarcopenia. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory evidence suggest an effect of vitamin D on muscle function. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be expressed in muscle fibers and vitamin D signaling via VDR plays a role in the regulation of myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Understanding how vitamin D signaling contributes to myogenesis will provide a valuable insight into an effective nutritional strategy to moderate sarcopenia. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the effect of vitamin D on skeletal muscle and myogenic cells and discuss the potential for treatment of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Updates in rare and not-so-rare complications of acromegaly: focus on respiratory function and quality of life in acromegaly

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Fabienne Langlois ◽  
Gabriela M. Suarez ◽  
Maria Fleseriu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Major Treatment

Acromegaly is a complex disease with excessive growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) causing multisystem effects, particularly cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic. Psychological concerns and poor quality of life (QoL) are also major disease consequences. This review is intended for clinicians and focuses on the latest developments related to respiratory and QoL effects of long-term growth hormone excess. Along with biochemical disease control, patient treatment satisfaction and outcomes have become major treatment objectives; current knowledge and tools to evaluate and manage this aspect of the disease are described. Sleep apnea syndrome and other derangements of lung function and apparatus, from pathophysiology to treatment, and evaluation tools and determinants of QoL in patients with acromegaly are discussed.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, infections and immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiten Ismailova ◽  
John H. White
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling

AbstractVitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In immune cells such as macrophages, expression of CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading to local production of hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) at sites of infection, which in turn directly induces the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Vitamin D signaling is active upstream and downstream of pattern recognition receptors, which promote front-line innate immune responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, which has emerged as a mechanism critical for control of intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Strong laboratory and epidemiological evidence links vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of conditions such as dental caries, as well as inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation of innate immune handling intestinal flora. 1,25D is also active in signaling cascades that promote antiviral innate immunity; 1,25D-induced expression of the antimicrobial peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized for its antibacterial properties, is a key component of antiviral responses. Poor vitamin D status is associated with greater susceptibility to viral infections, including those of the respiratory tract. Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has been alleviated in some areas by the arrival of vaccines, it remains important to identify therapeutic interventions that reduce disease severity and mortality, and accelerate recovery. This review outlines of our current knowledge of the mechanisms of action of vitamin D signaling in the innate immune system. It also provides an assessment of the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in infectious diseases, including an up-to-date analysis of the putative benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, A Booming Concern of Ageing World: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Md Shahidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Care Costs

Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. With the onset of advancing age, muscle tissue is gradually lost, resulting in diminished mass and strength, a condition referred to as sarcopenia. The sequelae of sarcopenia often contribute to frailty, decreased independence, and subsequently increased health care costs. This review article will introduce potential mechanisms that may contribute to sarcopenia, although no one mechanism has yet, and may not completely, define this process. Despite sarcopenia is an inevitable process of life, prevention and treatments are absolutely needed in order to improve the quality of life and quality adjusted life years. Adequate nutrition and structured exercises are essential components of treatment and prevention. However, even those individuals who maintain their fitness through exercise do not appear to be immune to sarcopenia. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2015; Vol. 31 (2): 110-115

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, Currently a Hot Topic: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
JungHoon Chai ◽  
HyunJoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
And Function

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of skeletal muscle quantity and quality leading to a gradual slowing of movement, a decline in strength and power, and a condition known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a syndrome a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death. Agerelated losses in skeletal muscle mass and function have had a significant important in health care issue. In this study, we reviewed the recently introduced criteria for the Eastern and Western diagnosis of sarcopenia. A narrative review of evidence- and non-evidence-based papers was conducted, using a relevant methodological framework. This review is included the following: 1) definitions and diagnostic criteria over time; 2) pathophysiology of muscle loss; 3) management especially protein or amino acid supplementation, medications, and physical exercise.

Key quality attributes of design documentation: South African perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-382
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Akampurira ◽  
Abimbola Windapo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
Design Documents

PurposeThe poor quality of design documentation has been identified as a significant contributor to delays, rework and cost overruns on construction projects in South Africa. Despite this, limited research has been undertaken to specifically investigate the quality of design documentation. This in turn hampers efforts aimed at improving the quality of the design documents. The aim of this study is to identify the key quality attributes of design documentation and determine the extent to which the design documents issued on South African construction projects are perceived to incorporate the quality attributes.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was distributed among civil engineering design consultants and contractors in the South African construction industry. Responses to a total of 120 completed questionnaires were statistically analysed. The relative importance and extent of incorporation of the quality attributes was determined based on the mean scores.FindingsIt emerged from the study that the two key quality attributes of design documentation were legibility and coordinated design documentation. Attributes with the least importance were relevancy and certainty. Regarding the incorporation of the quality attributes, the design documents were rated highly with respect to their legibility and clarity. The quality of the documentation was deemed inadequate in terms of accuracy and certainty.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insight to stakeholders involved in developing initiatives aimed at improving the quality of design documentation and as a result construction project performance.Originality/valueThe study provides empirical evidence and extends the literature on design documentation quality especially from the perspective of South Africa, a developing country.

scholarly journals Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caristia ◽  
Filigheddu ◽  
Barone-Adesi ◽  
Sarro ◽  
Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Uterine Fibroids—Review of the Literature and Novel Concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ciebiera ◽  
Marta Włodarczyk ◽  
Magdalena Ciebiera ◽  
Kornelia Zaręba ◽  
Krzysztof Łukaszuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

This article provides a detailed review of current knowledge on the role of vitamin D and its receptor in the biology and management of uterine fibroids (UFs). Authors present ideas for future steps in this area. A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the following key words: “uterine fibroid” and “vitamin D”. The results of the available studies, published in English from January 2002 up to April 2018, have been discussed. Vitamin D is a group of steroid compounds with a powerful impact on many parts of the human body. This vitamin is believed to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibit angiogenesis, and stimulate apoptosis. Nowadays, hypovitaminosis D is believed to be a major risk factor in the development of UFs. In many studies vitamin D appears to be a powerful factor against UFs, resulting in inhibition of tumor cell division and a significant reduction in its size, however, the exact role of this compound and its receptor in the pathophysiology of UFs is not fully understood. According to available studies, vitamin D and its analogs seem to be promising, effective, and low-cost compounds in the management of UFs and their clinical symptoms, and the anti-tumor activities of vitamin D play an important role in UF biology. The synergy between vitamin D and selected anti-UF drugs is a very interesting issue which requires further research. Further studies about the biological effect of vitamin D on UF biology are essential. Vitamin D preparations (alone or as a co-drugs) could become new tools in the fight with UFs, with the additional beneficial pleiotropic effect.

An experience of performing spirometry by trained general practitioners

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
M. A. Pokhaznikova ◽  
E. A. Andreeva ◽  
O. Yu. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Study Research ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Forced Expiratory Maneuver ◽  
Maximal Effort

The article discusses the experience of teaching and conducting spirometry of general practitioners as part of the RESPECT study (RESearch on the PrEvalence and the diagnosis of COPD and its Tobacco-related aetiology). A total of 33 trained in spirometry general practitioners performed a study of 3119 patients. Quality criteria met 84.1% of spirometric studies. The analysis of the most common mistakes made by doctors during the forced expiratory maneuver is included. The most frequent errors were expiration exhalation of less than 6s (54%), non-maximal effort throughout the test and lack of reproducibility (11.3%). Independent predictors of poor spirogram quality were male gender, obstruction (FEV1 /FVC<0.7), and the center where the study was performed. The number of good-quality spirograms ranged from 96.1% (95% CI 83.2–110.4) to 59.8% (95% CI 49.6–71.4) depending on the center. Subsequently, an analysis of the reasons behind the poor quality of research in individual centers was conducted and the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The poor quality of the spirograms was associated either with the errors of the doctors who undertook the study or with the technical malfunctions of the spirometer.

KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN STROKE DI POLIKLINIK RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
Hana Larasati ◽  
Theresia Titin Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Psychological Dimension

Background: stroke is a disorder of nervous system function that occurs suddenly and is caused by brain bleeding disorders that can affect the quality of life physical dimensions, social dimensions, psychological dimensions, environmental dimensions. Based on the result of Lumbu study (2015) the number of samples were 71 people collected data using the (WHOQOL-BREF). There were 56 people (78,9%) had the poor quality of life of post stroke. The mean of post-stroke quality of life domain was physical domain (45,27%), psychological domain (49,87%), social relations domain (48,15%) and environmental domain (50.01%). Objective: the purpose of the study was know the quality of life of the stroke patients in Outpatient Polyclinic of Private Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: used descriptive quantitative by using questionnaire test of purposive sampling system based on patients who have been affected of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke before, number 30 respondents. Result: quality of life of stroke patient of medium physical dimension (67%), psychological dimension (71%), social dimension (67%), dimension good environment (63%). Conclusion: the quality of life of stroke patients of physical dimension, psychological dimension, and moderate social dimension, while the quality of life of stroke patients were good environmental dimension.   Keywords: Hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, quality of life

YEAR 2020: ON THE REMAINING REPRODUCTIVE THREATS AND THEIR NEUTRALIZATION ON THE WAYS TO IMPROVE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY, THE DEPLOYMENT OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND ITS SECTORAL AND REGIONAL SUBSYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-53
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Vinslav
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Modernization

The article analyzes the main indicators of the evolution of the domestic economy and its industrial complex in the past year (in January — November 2019). It Identifies trends in this evolution, including negative trends that determine the preservation of reproductive threats in 2020: sluggishness, instability and low quality of economic growth. The main reasons for the fact that the objective resource capabilities of the macro level were clearly not used enough to effectively solve the urgent problems of technological modernization of the economy and increase people’s welfare are established. The main reason is the poor quality of public administration, including imperfect strategic planning and industrial policy; there is still no modern national innovation system in the country. Accordingly, recommendations for improving the quality of state regulation in its specified components are justified. The recommended measures, according to the author, will help the economy to move to a trajectory of rapid, sustainable and high-quality growth.

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