scholarly journals Ecological and epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis in St. Petersburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
E. A. Siuziumova ◽  
N. V. Telnova ◽  
A. O. Shapar ◽  
B. I. Aslanov ◽  
N. A. Stoyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City

Here, we provide an analysis on 1996–2016 St. Petersburg tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) epidemiological and ecological data. In particular, two main TBE transmission vectors were observed in St. Petersburg: Ixodes persulcatus Ixodes ricinus. TBE tick contamination was 0.61% as shown by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction data. It is found that number of subjects seeking for medical aid due to tick bites rises, whereas TBE incidence declines. In particular, a mean 1996–2002 vs. 2010–2016 tick-bite incidence rate increased from 141.9 up to 288.9, respectively. Despite that the Leningrad region is a major area for TBE spread, however, a risk of exposure to tick bites as well as TBE infection exists even in the city of St. Petersburg. In connection with this, around 1,000 subjects undergo tick bites within the city limits. Moreover, whereas a 1996–2002 mean TBE incidence rate was 1.66, it decreased in 2010–2016 down to 1.17. A peak TBE incidence was documented in St. Petersburg Kurortny, Pushkinsky and Primorsky districts. In addition, males vs. females suffered from TBE at higher frequency in Russian Federation, with its peak incidence rate being reported in children under 14 that differs St. Petersburg from the most of other regions in the Russian Federation. A seasonal distribution of TBE cases in St. Petersburg does not differ from that one for the remainder of Russian regions, which displays a spring-summer seasonality lasting from April to September. Of note, 1996–2016 St. Petersburg TBE mortality was 1.37%. A coverage of TBE vaccinated population tends to rise but still remains at low level (0.25–0.58%). Lack of reported TBE cases in occupationally threatened human cohorts evidences about efficient preventive measures. Detection of TBE virus-specific serum antibodies in 5.0% apparently healthy and unvaccinated residents in St. Petersburg significantly complements the official TBE recording data and provides a more accurate understanding of its actual spread.

scholarly journals New tick-borne encephalitis virus hot spot in Northern Zealand, Denmark, October 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N Agergaard ◽  
Maiken W Rosenstierne ◽  
René Bødker ◽  
Morten Rasmussen ◽  
Peter H S Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

During summer 2019, three patients residing by Tisvilde Hegn, Denmark were hospitalised with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) after tick bites. A new TBE virus (TBEV) micro-focus was identified in tick nymphs collected around a playground in Tisvilde Hegn forest. Estimated TBEV prevalence was 8%, higher than in endemic areas around Europe. Whole genome sequencing showed clustering to a TBEV strain from Norway. This is the second time TBEV is found in Ixodes ricinus outside Bornholm, Denmark.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Analysis of 1234 Cases of Laryngeal Cancer in Shanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110412
Author(s):  
Hui Qi ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Chunming Zhang ◽  
Xiwang Zheng ◽  
Chen Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
World Population ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City

Background Laryngeal cancer is a common malignancy of the head and neck, especially in northern China, including Shanxi province. This study intends to describe the epidemiological characteristics of laryngeal cancer in Shanxi Province, China, in order to support prevention and treatment efforts. Methods Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in hospitals in Shanxi Province from 2008 to 2012. Results The average annual incidence rate of laryngeal cancer in Shanxi province from 2008 to 2012 was 0.70/105, the Chinese population standardized incidence rate was 0.57/105 and the world population standardized incidence rate was 0.60/105. The city with the highest incidence of laryngeal cancer in Shanxi Province is Taiyuan, followed by Yangquan, and the lowest incidence are Yuncheng and Jincheng. The cases included 723 farmers (58.6%), 338 workers (27.4%), 95 government cadres (7.7%), 35 unemployed individuals (2.8%), 30 teachers (2.4%) and 13 individuals with other occupations (1.1%). The incidence of laryngeal cancer in rural areas was 0.78/105, while urban areas was 0.60/105. Of 1006 patients with smoking and drinking status reported, there were 238 both smoking and drinking (23.7%), 491 only smoking but not drinking (48.8%), 4 only drinking but not smoking (0.4%), 273 both not smoking and not drinking (27.1%) (P<0.001), and there were 695 males smoking (95.3%), 34 females smoking (4.7%) (P<0.001). Of 879 patients for whom the primary cancer location was known, 406 cases (46.2%) were supraglottic and 428 cases (48.7%) were glottic. Among 1009 patients with known pathological classification, the vast majority had squamous cell carcinoma (992 cases, 98.3%). Conclusions To sum up, the incidence of laryngeal cancer in Shanxi Province exhibited a relatively stable trend from 2008 to 2012, and the incidence is higher in men than in women in all years. The high percentage of smokers in this study underscores the importance of smoking as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer, whereas rates of drinking did not appear to be linked. Incidence of laryngeal cancer was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, a pattern that differs from other regions of China and internationally.

scholarly journals The present vaccinoprophilaxis of tick-borne encephalitis and vaccines for its provision

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
M. S. Vorob’Eva ◽  
M. N. Rashchepkina ◽  
L. I. Pavlova ◽  
L. D. Bystritsky ◽  
N. H. Stavitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Postmarketing Surveillance ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
High Level ◽  
Far Eastern

The high rate of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) morbidity is lasting for recent years in many areas of Russian Federation. Vac- cination with TBE vaccine is considered to be most effective mean of TBE prophylaxis in endemic areas. VIRION branch (in Tomsk) of MICROGEN State Company have been producing inactivated TBE vaccines for more than 40 years. Since 2001 VIRION have been producing and selling novel purified concentrated TBE vaccine EnceVir. Vaccine EnceVir contains inactivated TBE virus of Far Eastern subtype as active substance with high level of its purity. The vaccine substantiated high level of immuno- genicy and safety in adult and children clinical trials. Postmarketing surveillance during 2001—2005 has verified these conclusions. Hence EnceVir is effective, safe and most available regarding value vaccine for mass vaccination campaign in Russian Federation.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM MONITORING OF TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS AND TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSIS IN THE KOMI REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gnativ ◽  
N. K. Tokarevich
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Impact

Our study was aimed at analyzing data combining objective is epidemiological, zoological and entomological research intended to determine the environmental and epidemiological patterns of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) foci, as well as the role of anthropogenic factors in epidemic manifestations to improve anti-epidemic activities.Long-term data on the abundance of ticks flagged from vegetation in various districts of the Komi Republic (RK) have been analyzed. The prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Borrelia burgdorferi (agent of LB) in ticks picked from vegetation, humans and domestic animals in various districts of the RK was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR-ELISA). In addition, the data on 1994 – 2017 tick-bite incidence in RK in, 1970 – 2017 TBE incidence, and 1997 – 2017 LB incidence were also examined and correlated with the impact of forest transformation on the TBE incidence.The rise of tick population in the southern districts of RK and its northward expansion were noted. It is also shown that the RK territory, where tick bites are registered, expanded significantly.Mean annual tick-bite incidence rate in 2006 – 2017 vs. 1994 – 2005 timeframe was increased by 4-fold.RK regions where deforestation took place, the tick-bite incidence was increased, and the local TBE incidence elevated distinctly.In recent years, there was a rise in TBEV prevalence in ticks, collected either from vegetation or from humans and animals.In 2006 – 2017 and 1970 – 1981, mean annual TBE incidence rate increased by a 11- and 36-fold as compared to that one registered in 1982 – 1993. In recent years, the most severe focal TBE forms began to be recorded. In 1996 – 2017, the TBE mortality rate was 2.3%.The main features of LB epidemiology mimic those found in TBEV. In particular, the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks flagged from vegetation increased from 9.5% to 34.7% in 2010 vs. 2017, respectively. A sharp rise in LB incidence rate and profound northward shift for bacterial range, where this infection started to be registered only in recent years, were noted. Both TBE and LB demonstrated marked occupation-related pattern.The need in conducting task-oriented prophylaxis of tick-borne infections is necessitated by taking into account geographic specifics. The RK northern regions should be considered as potentially endemic, where tick bites in human population has recently begun to be reported.

Tick Borne Encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Dobler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Taiga Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Subtype

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the medically most common tick-borne viral disease in Europe and Asia. The TBE virus (TBEV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae. Transmission mainly to humans occurs by ticks of the Family Ixodidae, mainly the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) in Europe and the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) in Asia. Rarely TBEV is also transmitted by contaminated milk of infected ungulates (goat, sheep, cow). The clinical course of TBE is variable and may range from subclinical to fatal encephalomyelitis. Probably host and viral factors are involved in the pathogenesis of disease. So far, no specific treatment of the disease is available. The only effective prevention of TBE is vaccination. A number of different vaccines are available worldwide. In Europe two vaccines are licensed which contain inactivated European subtype TBEV. Probably the European vaccines protect also against infections with other subtypes of TBEV.

scholarly journals Assessing natural herd immunity to tick-borne encephalitis in Republic Sakha (Yakutia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
A. G. Dragomeretskaya ◽  
M. E. Ignatyeva ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
T. V. Mzhelskaya ◽  
L. V. Budatsirenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Epidemiologic Features ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal viral neuroinfection vastly spread in the mid-latitude climate zone of theEurasia. Lethal cases and disability related to TBE determine its high epidemiological significance as well as underlie undiminished attention to prevent it in endemic territories. At the same time, TBE epidemiologic features significantly differ in various geographic areas. Importantly, Republic Sakha (Yakutia) is not among TBE endemic areas in theRussian Federation. However, in the last decade an increased incidence of ixodic tick bites was registered in the Republic Sakha. A pattern of pathogen-specific population immunity is one of the most valuable criteria for assessing magnitude of epidemic process in TBE foci. Hence, our study was aimed at assessing natural herd immunity TBEV in Republic Sakha associated with elevated incidence of tick bite visits. Here, we analyzed the data regarding the rate of tick attacks in the period of 2001–2007 in Republic Sakha. Residents and individuals unvaccinated against TBEV in the city ofYakutskas well as various administrative regions were examined to record the peak incidence of tick attacks. It was found that a range of the administrative regions recording with registered of ixodic tick attacks and elevated incidence of tick bites was expanded. Moreover, the top incidence of tick bites was annually recorded in the south regions of the republic Aldanian, Neryungri, Olyekminsk, Leninsk, Khangalassky districts, city ofYakutskand its suburbs. Furthermore, TBEV-specific immunoglobulins were detected in 5.7±0.68% of the residents examined suggesting about contacts with the pathogen. In addition, the peak count of seropositive people (8.9±1.85%) was identified in Namsky district located in the central part of the republic. Overall, detection rate of TBEV-specific antibodies among general adult population (6.9±0.95%) was significantly higher compared to those observed in children (3.9±0.89%, р < 0.05). no significant differences in urban (5.8±1.12%) vs. rural population (5.63±0.84%) was found. 

scholarly journals Clinicoepidemiological features of tick-borne encephalitis course in Perm krai

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
V. V. Nikolenko ◽  
N. N. Vorobyova ◽  
E. V. Merkuryeva ◽  
A. V. Nikolenko ◽  
O. A. Suslina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Laboratory Survey ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Brain

Objective. The incidence rate of tick-borne encephalitis in Perm Krai annually exceeds that in the Russian Federation by several times, and therefore, the aim of the study was to reveal the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the course of infection. Materials and methods. A continuous retrospective clinical and laboratory survey including 314 adult patients admitted to the Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in 2014-2019 was carried out. Results. The following features were revealed: the disease is diagnosed more often in persons over 41 years old, infection mainly occurs when visiting the forest and park areas. That is why, it is necessary to reduce the number of infection carriers. In every fifth patient, the disease is characterized by the development of an inapparent form, as well as mixed infection in association with pathogens circulating in ticks in the territory of Western Ural ticks. Conclusions. In 45.9 % of cases, the infection has a moderate and severe course, involving not only meninges but also the brain substances into the pathological process that requires early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PATHOGENS IN IXODES SP. TICKS IN ST. PETERSBURG AND LENINGRAD DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Panferova ◽  
M. A. Suvorova ◽  
A. O. Shapar ◽  
N. K. Tokarevich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Common Group ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

Tick-borne infections are the most common group of zooanthroponotic diseases in the Northern Hemisphere. For the  Baltic Sea region and Fennoscandia, the dominant infectious pathologies transmitted by ticks are tick-borne borreliosis and tick- borne encephalitis. The presence of vast forested areas, actively  visited by people in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region,  contributes to a rather high level of encroachment on the flares and  intelligence of the borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis among the  population of these regions. The relatively dangerous pathogens that can be transmitted with the tick bite are also of particular danger:  Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia sp. In this  work, detection was performed using molecular genetic methods of  TBE virus, B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia sp. in engorged  ticksple, as well as questing ticks collected from vegetation. The established levels of infection of TBE on infected ticks, levels of infection by pathogenic Borrelia of questing and engorgeded ticks  were approximately equal. Rickettsia was not found in the ticks. The  conducted analysis of the pathogens prevalence in comparison with  the data of russian and foreign authors. Monitoring the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is an important issue in the prevention of tick- borne infections in the North-Western Russia. 

Impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne infections in Russia.

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Eduard Korenberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Taiga Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
European Forest ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This expert opinion considers only the most significant aspects of the impact of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Russia. Attention is focused on the species that are most widespread in the extratropical part of the northern hemisphere: the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, and the European forest tick, I. ricinus, which are hosts and vectors of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and Borrelia spirochaetes, agents of ixodid tickborne borrelioses (ITBBs), i.e. of Lyme and Lyme-like diseases.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of the adult tbe vaccine «tick-e-vac»

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Vorovitch ◽  
G. B. Maikova ◽  
L. L. Chernokhaeva ◽  
V. V. Romanenko ◽  
A. V. Ankudinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Frequency Intensity

About 3,000 cases of TBE are registered annually in the Russian Federation. Vaccination is the main way to prevent the tick-borne encephalitis disease. Comparative study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new vaccine «Tick-E-Vac» was held. Volunteers aged from 16 years old were twice immunized with the vaccines «Tick-E-Vac» or «Encevir» derived from strains of Far East subtype of TBE virus, according to standard and emergency schemes. The clinical study was randomized, comparative, blind, and controlled. The frequency, intensity, time of occurrence, and duration of local and general reactions had been recorded. The titers of antiviral antibodies in ELISA had been determined to assess the immunological efficacy of vaccination. According to the results of the clinical study, the severity of local and general reactions in initial seronegative recipients was weak or moderate. The symptoms were usually manifested within 1-2 days after injection and persisted for not more than 4 days, after which time the symptoms disappeared. There was no statistically significant difference in the reactogenicity of the vaccines after the first and after the second injection. The reactogenicity also did not depend on the gender of recipients. After the first immunization, the level of seroprotection was not less than 43%; the average geometric titer of antibodies (GTA), not less than 1:200. After the second injection, the level of seroprotection reached 90-100%; GTA, not less than 1:500. The data on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity to the original seropositive recipients is not significantly different from the data for the initial seronegative recipients. The data indicate weak reactogenicity of the vaccines «Tick-E-Vac» and «Encevir». Double vaccination with an interval of 14 or 30 days leads to the formation of expressed immune response. Thus, differences in the level of seroprotection and in antiviral titers in the cases of the standard and emergency vaccination schedules are not statistically significant. The correlation between the development in recipients of local and general symptoms and the immunological efficacy of the vaccines has not been identified.

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