scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH CULTIVATION

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-257
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS ◽  
JOSÉ DANTAS NETO ◽  
JOÃO HENRIQUE DE ANDRADE CABRAL ◽  
VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Sustainable Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN PROTECTED IRRIGATED RADISH  CULTIVATION     PATRÍCIA FERREIRA DA SILVA1; RIGOBERTO MOREIRA DE MATOS2; JOSÉ DANTAS NETO3; JOÃO HENRIQUE DE ANDRADE CABRAL4; VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA5 E MARIA SALLYDELÂNDIA SOBRAL DE FARIAS6   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58.428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 5 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected] 6 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário,58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   The sustainable treatment of wastewater can be an alternative to irrigated agriculture, aiming to mitigate the effects of water scarcity in regions that suffer with this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sustainable treatment of wastewater on the irrigation of radish cultivated in greenhouses. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks a 3x3 factorial scheme, with the factors being three qualities of water (water treated by wetland, water treated by wetland + UASB and control treatment (water from the local supply system)) and three micro-irrigation systems (subsurface drip, surface drip and micro sprinkler), with four replications. Waters treated by sustainable systems such as wetland and wetland + UASB, were not considered suitable for irrigation of leafy crops according to the guidelines of CONAMA resolution 357/2005. The sustainable treatment wetland + UASB and drip irrigation showed the best results in growth and production of radish. The radish root diameters were within the range considered ideal by the consumer market. Further studies with combinations of sustainable water treatment systems are needed aiming to frame the treated wastewater quality to the requirements of CONAMA resolution 357 for irrigation of leafy crops.   Keywords: reactor UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reuse, microirrigation.         SILVA, P. F.; MATOS, R. M.; DANTAS NETO, J.; CABRAL, J. H. A.; LIMA, V. L. A.; FARIAS, M. S. S. TRATAMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NO CULTIVO DE RABANETE IRRIGADO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO     2 RESUMO   O tratamento sustentável das águas residuárias pode ser uma alternativa para a agricultura irrigada, visando mitigar os efeitos da escassez hídrica em regiões que sofrem com esta problemática. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do tratamento sustentável de água residuária no cultivo de rabanete irrigado em ambiente protegido. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3, sendo os fatores: três qualidades de água (água tratada por wetland, água tratada por wetland+UASB e tratamento testemunha (água do sistema de abastecimento local)) e três sistemas de microirrigação (gotejamento subsuperficial, gotejamento superficial e microaspersão, com quatro repetições. As águas tratadas por sistemas sustentáveis como wetland e wetland+UASB, não foram consideradas próprias para irrigação de culturas folhosas conforme as diretrizes da resolução do CONAMA 357/2005. O tratamento sustentável wetland+UASB e irrigação por gotejamento evidenciaram os melhores resultados em crescimento e produção de rabanete. Os diâmetros das raízes do rabanete ficaram dentro da faixa considerada ideal pelo mercado consumidor. São necessários mais estudos com combinações de sistemas sustentáveis de tratamento de água visando enquadrar a qualidade da água residuária tratada nas exigências da resolução CONAMA 357 para irrigação de culturas folhosas.   Palavras-chave: reator UASB, wetland, Raphanus sativus, reúso, microirrigação.

scholarly journals Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Systems (2018–2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Herrera Melián
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

An important part of the environmental degradation suffered by the planet is caused by the discharge of untreated or poorly treated wastewater. Industrial, urban, and agricultural wastewater contain many different types of pollutants such as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable organic matter, suspended solids, turbidity, nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, pathogens, etc. All of these pose a threat to the environment and human health, so the selected treatment techniques must be adapted to their nature in order to optimize their removal. In addition to efficiency, wastewater treatment methods must be sustainable, not only from an environmental point of view, but also economically and ethically. As a result, no technological dependence should be generated in less developed countries or communities. Therefore, this Special Issue deals with improvements in various aspects of wastewater treatment including different aspects of water treatment such as the development of mathematical models, the application of life cycle techniques, or the experimental optimization of wastewater treatment methods. Thirteen articles were accepted covering some of the most relevant fields of wastewater treatment: activated sludge, nanoparticle treatment, constructed wetlands, energy–water nexus, nutrient recovery, eco-friendly sorbents, and reverse osmosis.

Experimental procedures characterizing transformations of wastewater organic matter in the Emscher river, Germany

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Løkkegaard Bjerre ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
B. Teichgräber ◽  
D. te Heesen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Ruhr District ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The Emscher river in the Ruhr district, Germany, is at present acting as a large wastewater collector receiving untreated and mechanically treated wastewater. Before the Emscher flows into the river Rhine, treatment takes place in a biological wastewater treatment plant. The transformations of the organic matter in the Emscher affect the river catchment, the subsequent treatment and the river quality. This paper focuses on evaluation of methods for quantification of the microbial transformations of wastewater in the Emscher with emphasis on characterization of wastewater quality changes in terms of biodegradability of organic matter and viable biomass. The characterization is based on methods taken from the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment. Methods were evaluated on the basis of laboratory investigations of water samples from the Emscher. Incubation in batch reactors under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions were made and a case study was performed. The methods described will be used in an intensive study of wastewater transformations in the Emscher river. This study will be a basis for future investigations of wastewater quality changes in the Emscher.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Process in Disinfection and Advanced Treatment of Tertiary Treated Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Rafał Tytus Bray ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Eliza Kulbat ◽  
Aneta Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the results of research on the use of ultrafiltration, using membranes of 200 and 400 kDa separation, for disinfection of municipal treated wastewater. The research was conducted on a fractional technical scale using real municipal treated wastewater from two large wastewater treatment plants treating most of the wastewater over the one-million polycentric Gdańsk agglomeration (1.2 million inhabitants). UF 200 kDa and UF 400 kDa processes enabled further improvement of the physical and chemical parameters of treated wastewater. Total phosphorus (to below 0.2 mg/L–UF 200 kDa, 0.13 mg/L–UF 400 kDa) and turbid substances (to below 0.2 mg/L, both membranes) were removed in the highest degree. COD was reduced efficiently (to below 25.6 mgO2/L–UF 200 kDa, 26.8 mgO2/L–UF 400 kDa), while total nitrogen was removed to a small extent (to 7.12 mg/L–UF 200 kDa and 5.7 mg/L–UF 400 kDa. Based on the reduction of indicator bacteria; fecal coliforms including E. coli (FC) and fecal enterococci (FE) it was found that the ultrafiltration is an effective method of disinfection. Not much indicator bacterial were observed in the permeate after processes (UF 200 kDa; FC—5 CFU/L; FE—1 CFU/L and UF 400 kDa; FC—70 CFU/L; FE—10 CFU/L. However, microscopic analysis of prokaryotic cells and virus particles showed their presence after the application of both membrane types; TCN 3.0 × 102 cells/mL–UF 200 kDa, 5.0 × 103 cells/mL–UF 400 kDa, VP 1.0 × 105/mL. The presence of potentially pathogenic, highly infectious virus particles means that ultrafiltration cannot be considered a sufficient disinfection method for treated wastewater diverted for reuse or discharged from high load wastewater treatment plants to recreational areas. For full microbiological safety it would be advisable to apply an additional disinfection method (e.g., ozonation).

scholarly journals Pomological Descriptors, Phenolic Compounds, and Chemical Monitoring in Olive Fruits Irrigated with Dairy Treated Wastewater

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Wiem Sdiri ◽  
Samia Dabbou ◽  
Vincenzo Nava ◽  
Giuseppa Di Bella ◽  
Hedi Ben Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Positive Feature ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Chemical Contents

In this work, the pomological characteristics, phenolic composition, and chemical contents modification in response to treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation was studied on olive fruits. The experiment was carried out during two successive years (2016/2017) on olive trees (cv. Chemlali). Three irrigation treatments were adopted and two TWW irrigation levels were applied (T1: 20% ETc; T2: 40% ETc; CT: Control Treatment (rainfed condition)). Results show that TWW irrigation leads to increased fruit fresh weight and water content, whatever the level applied. In addition, fruit oil content remained unaffected by TWW irrigation. Moreover, this agronomic practice preserves some phenolic compound contents like verbascoside, therefore fruits nutritional value. A positive feature was then observed following TWW irrigation. In fact, oleuropein, tyrosol, luteolin-7-glucoside, and pinoresinol amounts were enhanced in treated olive fruits. On the other hand, TWW irrigated trees with a level of 40% ETc (T2) produced olive fruits richer in Mg and K than those cultivated in rainfed conditions (CT). Fruits Zn, Mn, and Pb contents decreased as a result of olive trees TWW irrigation.

scholarly journals Agro-ecological landuse transformation in oasis systems of Al Jabal Al Akhdar, northern Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Buerkert ◽  
Bryan Adam Dix ◽  
Mohamed Nasser Al Rawahi ◽  
Eva Schlecht
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Al Jabal Al Akhdar ◽  
Time Series Approach ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Satellite Image Analysis

AbstractThe millenia-old oasis systems in the Western Hajar Mountains of Northern Oman have received widespread attention as models of sustainable irrigated agriculture in hyperarid Arabia. Given Oman’s rampant urbanization, growing scarcity of water and skilled labour, we quantified chances in water use, land use, and land cover between 2007 and 2018 using a rare time-series approach of detailed GIS-based crop mapping. Results from satellite image analysis and comprehensive ground truthing showed that urban areas grew from 206 ha in 2009 to 230 ha in 2014 and 252 ha in 2018. Throughout this decade, irrigated areas in backyards and front-house gardens of the town, planted largely to tree crops and vegetables, increased from 13.5 to 23.3 ha. Between 2007 and 2018 the actively used area of the studied oasis systems declined by 2.0% and the share of perennial crops without underplanting by 5.1%, while land under agroforestry increased by 2.1% and fallow land by 3.5%. Rising water demand of the sprawling town Sayh Qatanah led to terraces of Al ‘Ayn and Ash Sharayjah now being partly irrigated with treated wastewater which accelerated the abandonment of the old settlement structures. The labour- and water use efficiency-driven transformation of the Al Jabal Al Akhdar oasis agriculture into increasingly market-oriented landuse systems questions its function as example of sustainable, bio-cultural heritage of Arabia.

Detection and molecular characterization of enteric adenovirus in treated wastewater in the Brazilian Federal District

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. C. Quintão ◽  
F. G. Silva ◽  
A. L. Pereira ◽  
W. N. Araújo ◽  
P. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
Enteric Adenovirus ◽  
Enteric Adenoviruses

AbstractHuman enteric viruses, such as enteric adenoviruses (HAdV), are known to be involved with gastrointestinal disorders, especially acute gastroenteritis. Several studies have used HAdV as an indicator of water quality, since they are considered highly stable and widely distributed viruses in water matrices. The aim of this study was to detect and genotype HAdVs in water matrices impacted by discharges of treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Wastewater treatment plants from the sanitary system of the Brazilian Federal District were assessed in 2018 and 2019. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from discharge points for each WWTP. Viral concentration based on adsorption-elution and conventional PCR was used for molecular detection, and positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Pluviosity data for the period in which the samples were collected were obtained. Our results demonstrated the presence of HAdVs in 27.2% (61/224) of the samples. The positivity was significantly higher in downstream samples compared to upstream. Moreover, the HAdV positivity was higher in downstream samples collected from receiving water bodies impacted by secondary-level WWTPs in comparison with those impacted by tertiary-level WWTPs. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of genotypes 40 and 41, with prevalence of HAdV genotype 41. Despite the predominance of HAdV-41, an increasing frequency of the HAdV-40 was associated with higher pluviosity. In conclusion, this study is the first documentation in the Brazilian Federal District dealing with the prevalence and diversity of HAdVs in several WWTP, along with their correlation with rainfall index.

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