Total Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Capacities of Bee Pollen with Different Botanical Origins

Bee pollen has many therapeutic properties with its rich chemical content. Especially the phenolic substances in the structure of bee pollen are very effective in showing the bioactive compounds. Thanks to these properties, bee pollen is used as a food supplement. It is known that these features are influenced by many factors such as climate, geography and plant origin. Therefore, it is important to determine the botanical origins of bee products.In this study, botanical origins and total bioactive compounds were determined at the seven bee pollen samples collected from different regions of Turkey. Also, antimicrobial activity of the seven bee pollen samples against seven different bacterial pathogens and one fungal agent using broth microdilution method were studied. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cistaceae, Papaveraceae families were found as a dominant in the regions by botanical origins examination. Total phenolic values were found between 24.77 ± 288.824 mg GAE/g and 51.61 ± 727.14 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content was 1.36 ± 0.015 mg QE/g and 2.40 ± 0.077 mg QE/g. The antimicrobial results showed that each of the tested bee pollen samples inhibited the growth of the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at the different levels while they did not have a complete inhibitory effect on the fungi.

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Clinical Study of the Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Comprehensive Nursing Intervention Combined with New Nano Silver

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.18600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 6063-6069

Author(s):

Shenghua Cao ◽

Xiaoqian Wu ◽

Jianling Zhao ◽

Xinhong Jia

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Nano Silver ◽

Clinical Nurses ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Management Modes

To investigate the inhibitory effect of new nano silver (nAg-NPs) on Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (EBLs). Clinical interventions are mainly directed to inpatients, or patients with obvious discomfort, symptoms, and signs needing outpatient examination, referral, and clear diagnosis. We randomly selected 88 patients from the rehabilitation department of our hospital from November 2017 to June 2019, and divided them into observation and control groups by drawing lots. Taking ESBL K. pneumoniae as the research object, the bactericidal effect of nAg-NPs was determined using the coating method; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured using the broth microdilution method, and the mechanism of action of nAg-NPs on ESBL K. pneumoniae was evaluated by electron microscopy. After the implementation of different nursing management modes, the incidence of risk events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and nursing satisfaction was significantly higher than that in the control group. nAg-NPs (≥0.5 g/mL) had 100% bactericidal effect on ESBL K. pneumoniae, 0.05 g/mL nAg-NPs had obvious bactericidal effect on ESBL K. pneumoniae, 5 g/mL nAg-NPs had obvious bactericidal effect on ESBL K. pneumoniae for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. Additionally, nAg-NPs showed 3.12 g/mL of MIC. Furthermore, nAg-NPs had a significant effect on the morphology of K. pneumoniae. nAg-NPs shows obvious inhibitory effect on ESBL K. pneumoniae. These results will provide an experimental basis for the further study and clinical application of nAg-NPs with the help of clinical nurses.

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Effects of drying techniques on chemical composition and volatile constituents of bee pollen

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/79/2020-cjfs ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 203-208

Author(s):

Merve Keskin ◽

Aslı Özkök

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Drying Techniques

Bee pollen is used as a food supplement by humans as it is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Bee pollen has many biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant. Fresh bee pollen is not suitable for long-term storage because of its moisture content. In order to protect the nutrient content and freshness, the bee pollen can be dried by using different drying techniques. In this study, the biochemical characterization of the bee pollen samples dried by different techniques and drying effects on the biochemical properties of bee pollen were determined. Moisture, total lipid and protein, pH and total phenolic content of pollen samples were determined. The results ranged 6.23–20.62%, 4.98–5.57%, 16.812–1.477%, 4.08–4.33 and 15.2–22.73 mg GAE g–1, respectively. All samples are rich in squalene and methyl octadecanoate. It is clear that bee pollen bioactive components will be less damaged by using drying methods performed under more moderate conditions like lyophilization than when the traditional method is used.

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Anti Bacterial Activity of Lavandula Extracts, Pathogen and Probiotics Bacteria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-709254/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Asal khodagholi ◽

Mahdieh Soltani ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Akbarin ◽

Zahra Farjami

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Herbal Product ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bacterial Activity ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

Time Consumption ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Long Time ◽

Bacterial Effect

Abstract Introduction: Herbs of the lavender genus are widely used today as anti-bacterial drugs in traditional medicine. Lavandula angustifolia (LA) is endemic in the Iberian Peninsula and common in Iran that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Lavandula oils, well known for their scent and aroma, have been used in the perfumery and food industry for many years, therefore the aim of this study is the assessment of the anti-bacterial effect of LA extracts against pathogens and non-pathogen bacteria. Methods: 96-well microplates MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. Five Serial dilutions from 50 to 1 μg/mL concentrations were admitted for all bacteria which include: Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Probiotics complex. Results: LA watery extract demonstrate the statically inhibitory effect in just 50 g/L concentration against E.Coli, E. Faecalis, Pu, and Probiotic p= 0.024, 0.025, 0.004, and 0.012 respectively, whereas this concentration was 1g/L for Staph. aureus p=0.026. LA alcohol extracts display the same effect in 1g/L for all bacteria p= 0.000.Conclusion: Our results showed that LA in both watery and Alcohol extractions can inhibit both pathogenic and non-pathogen bacteria whereas active compounds are alcohol soluble. Long-time consumption of LA in the herbal product could disrupt normal bacteria of the gastrointestinal system.

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Antimicrobial properties of bioactive compounds isolated from epidermal mucus in two Ray species (Dasyatis marmorata and Gymnura altavela)

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v19i10.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 2115-2121

Author(s):

Ali Uyan ◽

Cemal Turan ◽

Elif Ayse Erdogan-Eliuz ◽

Mustafa Kemal Sangun

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Epidermal Mucus

Purpose: To investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial effects of certain biochemical compounds in the epidermal mucus secretions of fish and to demonstrate their potential for biomedical applications.Methods: Crude, aqueous, and acidic epidermal mucus samples were collected from live ray specimens. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were performed to identify the biochemical compounds present in the mucus. The spectrophotometric broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the mucus extracts. The bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia, were used for the tests, as well as the fungal strains, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans.Results: GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of several hydrocarbon-derived compounds in the epidermal mucus of the two ray species. The acidic extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus produced a high MIC value, indicating the highest inhibitory effect of 8.64 μL against E. coli, while the crude extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus (41.13 μL against B. subtilis) was the least effective. Conclusion: Epidermal mucus extracts, especially when acid-based, displays strong antimicrobial properties against all the tested pathogens. These findings suggest the plants possess some potential for the development of novel antimicrobial components for applications in medicine. Keywords: Fish, Ray species, Epidermal mucus, Antimicrobial properties, Bioactive compounds

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Antimicrobial activity and total content of polyphenols of Rheum L. species growing in Poland

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-010-0067-4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 814-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Urszula Kosikowska ◽

Helena Smolarz ◽

Anna Malm

Keyword(s):

Total Content ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Rheum Rhaponticum ◽

Rheum Undulatum ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

AbstractIn the crude ethanol extracts obtained from the rhizome and roots of Rheum palmatum L., Rheum undulatum L. and Rheum rhaponticum L. growing in Poland concentration of polyphenols ranged from 46.11 to 76.45 mg/g. Concentration of tannins ranged from 7.07% to 8.67%, while anthracene derivatives and anthraquinones varied by species - R. palmatum measured 36.3 and 34 mg/g, while R. undulatum or R. rhaponticum did not exceed 20.4 and 18.1 or 19.8 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g, respectively. Using a broth microdilution method it was found that all of the Rheum spp. extracts were more active against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) than against those of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis). The strongest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus spp. was exerted by R. undulatum extract with MIC = 125–250 μg/mL. The moderate in vitro antibacterial activity of R. undulatum suggests that this plant, often used in the European cuisine to improve flavour, may be also important and useful as an alternative or auxiliary medicine remedy in the treatment of uncomplicated superficial infections caused especially by clinically important staphylococci, potentially pathogenic S. aureus or opportunistic S. epidermidis.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activities of Sambucus ebulus Against Candida Species Using the Standard Protocol CLSI-M27-S3

Avicenna Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.34172/ajpr.2021.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Arefeh Hosseini ◽

Soham Ansari

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Total Consumption ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Sambucus Ebulus ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Repeated Use

Background: The most prevalent fungal infection in the mouth is Candidiasis, which causes various problems for patients. Chemical treatments such as nystatin are the most common methods that are locally used for the mouth that tastes bitter. The repeated use of this method 4 times a day and its preparation during the total consumption lead to patients’ dissatisfaction. Herbal treatments due to less medicinal side effects while having equal effects can be a suitable alternative to chemical treatments. Accordingly, this research focused on evaluating the effect of the herbal extract of the antifungal palm on the types of Candida and then comparing it with Nystatin. Methods: To this end, the effect of the herbal extract of antifungal palm on 4 types of Candida (i.e., albicans, glabrata, tropicalis, and parapsilosis) was investigated, and then the results were compared with that of nystatin, which is diagnosed by the broth microdilution method. The result of the study is descriptive, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the blue palm herbal extract was studied in comparison with nystatin for 20 isolated Candida. Results: Based on the result, MIC in the palm herbal extract was (mL/mg) 0.25-0.5 while the inhibitory effect of nystatin growth in this type was 0.125-0.5 (mg/L), and the MIC of the remaining types of Candida, including tropicalis, glabrata, and parapsilosis was 1-0.5 (mg/mL), 0.5-2, and 0.5-1. Finally, the inhibitory effect of growth (MIC) in nystatin drugs in the mentioned types was 0.5-0.25 (mg/L), 0.5-1, and 0.5-0.25. Conclusion: Overall, the activity of the antifungal palm herbal extract is suitable against the examined types of Candida, and this extract may be used as a drug or mouthwash for candidiasis patients.

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In Vitro Control of Uropathogenic Microorganisms with the Ethanolic Extract from the Leaves of Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilger

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/4687154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danny Ellen Meireles Leme ◽

Allan Belarmino Rodrigues ◽

Adriana Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio ◽

Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas ◽

Melyssa Fernanda Norman Negri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Genitourinary Infections

The roots of Cochlospermum regium, popularly known as “algodãozinho-do-cerrado,” are used for the treatment of genitourinary infections. However, the removal of their subterranean structures results in the death of the plant, and the use of the leaves becomes a viable alternative. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of Cochlospermum regium leaf’s ethanolic extract and its action on the biofilm formation of microorganisms associated with urinary infection were evaluated. The total phenolic compounds, flavoids, and tannins were quantified using the reagents Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and vanillin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method and the effect of the extract in the biofilm treatment was measured by the drop plate method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the method based on the reduction of MTS and the mutagenicity by the Ames test. The ethanolic extract of C. regium leaves presented 87.4 mg/EQ of flavonoids, 167.2 mg/EAG of total phenolic compounds, and 21.7 mg/ECA of condensed tannins. It presented reduction of the biofilm formation for E. coli and C. tropicalis and antimicrobial action of 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed no cytotoxicity and mutagenicity at the concentrations tested. This study demonstrated that C. regium leaves are a viable option for the treatment of genitourinary infections and for the species preservation.

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Physicochemical composition and antioxidant potential of bee pollen from different botanical sources in Alagoas, Brazil

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017414009317 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 447-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maria Raphaella dos Santos Vasconcelos ◽

Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte ◽

Elane Pereira Gomes ◽

Silvio Chagas da Silva ◽

Ana Maria Queijeiro López

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolic ◽

Floral Nectar ◽

Mata Atlântica ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Physicochemical Composition ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Mata Atlantica ◽

Monofloral Pollen ◽

Physicochemical Data

ABSTRACT Bee pollen results from the mixture of pollen and floral nectar with the salivary substances of bees and has increasingly been used as a food with therapeutic properties. In this study, 30 samples of bee pollen from Apis mellifera apiaries in three mesoregions of Alagoas (Brazil) - Mata Atlântica, South Coast and Caatinga, were collected during the dry season of 2008/09 and analysed. Mata Atlântica and Caatinga had good production of bee pollen. In the same season, Mata Atlântica contained a higher diversity of pollen types for feeding bees with a predominance of herbaceous pollen (63%), whereas the Caatinga samples contained monofloral pollen. Physicochemical data were analysed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The Caatinga samples were analysed to determine their contents of total phenolic compounds (25.85 ± 10.80 mg gallic acid eq/g) and flavonoids (45.62 ± 32.19 mg quercetin eq/g) and their antioxidant activity (for instance, 70.62 ± 4.50% in the DPPH test), which were possibly affected by the environmental conditions of this biome.

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RADICAL SCAVENGING AND DISINFECTANT EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM MOROCCAN MENTHA PULEGIUM

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016.v8i9.12434 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marwa Chraibi ◽

Kawtar Fikri Benbrahim ◽

Douâae Ou-yahyia ◽

Mounyr Balouiri ◽

Abdellah Farah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Mentha Pulegium ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Objective: As part of the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition, the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities of Mentha pulegium essential oil.Methods: Essential oil of M. pulegium from Oued Laou region (Morocco) was screened for its antimicrobial activity against seven bacteria and two fungi using broth microdilution method. The radical scavenging effect was used to assess in vitro antioxidant capacity of this oil.Results: The tested essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.003% to 1% (v/v) except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the studied essential oil exhibited radical scavenging power with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/ml.Conclusion: These findings showed that the studied essential oil has both an antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, which is very rare. Thus, it reinforces its use as an effective, eco-friendly preservative agent in food and cosmetic field.

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Assessment of Bioactive Compounds under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Bee Pollen and Bee Bread: Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 651

Author(s):

Volkan Aylanc ◽

Andreia Tomás ◽

Paulo Russo-Almeida ◽

Soraia I. Falcão ◽

Miguel Vilas-Boas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Bee Bread ◽

Bioactive Content

Bee pollen and bee bread have always been regarded as excellent natural resources for application in food and pharmaceutical fields due to their rich nutrient content and diversity of bioactive compounds with health-improving properties. Extensive studies on both bee products as ingredients for a healthy diet were reported, although the data concerning their metabolization on the gastrointestinal tract is quite limited. Here, we report, at each digestive stage, the bioactive profile for both bee products, their bioaccessibility levels and the antioxidant activity evaluation. The findings indicated that the average bioaccessibility level of total phenolic and total flavonoid content for bee pollen was 31% and 25%, respectively, while it was 38% and 35% for bee bread. This was reflected in a decrease of their antioxidant capacity at the end of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, both in free radicals scavenging capacity and in reducing power. Moreover, within the 35 phytochemicals identified, the most affected by gastrointestinal digestion were phenylamides, with a complete digestibility at the end of the intestinal phase. Overall, our results highlight that bioactive compounds in both raw products do not reflect the real amount absorbed in the intestine, being bee bread more accessible in bioactive content than bee pollen.

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