scholarly journals Effects of Prior Heat Stress on the Growth and Phytochemical Contents Accumulation of Amaranthus hybridus (Linn.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Dare OLOWOLAJU ◽  
Gideon O. OKUNLOLA ◽  
Abiodun M. ADEJUMO ◽  
Adekunle A. ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of abrupt heat stress on growth and phytochemical contents accumulation in Amaranthus hybridus. The treatments were as follows: control without heat treatment, seedlings subjected to heat at 45 oC for two hours and seedlings subjected to heat at 45 oC for four hours. After the stipulated time for each category, plants were removed from the Gallenkamp oven and were transplanted into other sets of thirty six pots (of 21 cm deep and 24 cm in diameter), as well as the control. The seedlings were kept in a screen house to minimise extraneous factors such as pests and rodents. They were watered daily with 200 mL of tap water in the morning and 200 mL of tap water in the evening until they were fully established. The phytochemical contents were determined at vegetative, flowering and fruiting stage using ethanolic extracts from the dried leaves of plant samples. From the results obtained, it was observed that leaf, shoot and root fresh and dry weights of the stressed plants were lower than the control plants. Exposure of the plants at different durations of heat treatment enhanced and inhibits the quantities of phytochemicals at different growth stages. From the present study it can be concluded that heat stress, on the basis of global warming in the future, will likely have overall negative effects on the growth of Amaranthus hybridus that will become more severe as the time of exposure increases and and might cause variation in the level of phytochemical constituents of Amaranthus hybridus at different growth stages.

scholarly journals HEAT TOLERANCE AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION IN RED-OSIER DOGWOOD STEM TISSUES AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143e-1143
Author(s):  
Abbas M. Shirazi ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Cornus Sericea ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Segments

Red-osier dogwood sterns, Cornus sericea L., at ten different growth stages were subjected to a series of temperatures ranging from 25C to 60C by immersing them in a water bath for one hour. After heat treatments, the viability of internode tissues were determined by electrical conductivity and ethylene production. Heat tolerance was expressed as LT50, the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were injured. The results suggest that the LT50 of dormant plants remained relatively constant, approximately 53C. During dormancy, heat stress did not stimulate ethylene production from internode tissues. In contrast, tissues from non-dormant plants exposed to heat stress produced increasing levels of ethylene reaching a peak at 40C followed by a steady decrease at higher temperatures. Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to stem segments from dormant plants, following heat treatment, enhanced production of ethylene.

PSIII-11 Evaluating the Performance of Grow-finish Pigs Supplemented with Butipearl® Z and Kemtrace® Chromium During Natural Heat Stress Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Venkatesh Mani ◽  
Tom Marsteller ◽  
Vanessa Iseri ◽  
Brian Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Heat stress (HS) severely impacts swine leading to compromised barrier integrity, diminished intestinal health and decreased performance. ButiPEARL® Z (BPZ) is an encapsulated formulation of zinc and butyrate shown to alleviate the impact of HS by improving intestinal health. KemTRACE® Chromium (KTCr) is an organic trace mineral shown to decrease the impact of stress and improve glucose utilization, leading to muscle growth and improved performance. To test the efficacy of BPZ and KTCr on mitigating stress from natural heat exposure, a grow-finish trial was conducted from June-September. There were four treatments: negative control (NC), NC+.45kg BPZ, NC+.91kg BPZ and NC+1.82kg BPZ. Three BPZ treatments were also supplemented with 200ppb KTCr. Pigs (n=480) were randomly assigned to 96 pens at 22.5kg. Performance was measured at d0, 28, 56 and at marketing. From d56 to market, ADFI was greater (P< 0.05) for 0.45kg and 0.91kg BPZ when compared to NC and 1.82kg BPZ (3.40 and 3.35 vs. 3.26 and 3.27kg, respectively). Therefore, relationships between ADFI day 56 to market and ADFI day 0 to market with BPZ level were curvilinear (P< 0.05). Both market weight and overall ADG tended (P< 0.10) to have curvilinear relationships with BPZ level. While not different, 0.45kg and .91kg BPZ supplemented pigs were .97kg and 1.25kg heavier, respectively, on marketing day compared to control. No differences (P >0.10) were observed for Feed:Gain. Part of the negative effects of HS include decrease in feed intake which contributes to intestinal damage and decreased performance. Data from this study show that both treatment combinations were able to improve feed intake and decrease stress which might have led to the improved weight gain at the end. The data provides evidence that the combination of BPZ and KTCr may alleviate the negative effects of HS and help with the performance of grow-finish pigs during heat stress.

scholarly journals Splenic Gene Expression Signatures in Slow-Growing Chickens Stimulated in Ovo with Galactooligosaccharides and Challenged with Heat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Marco Zampiga ◽  
Federico Sirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are delivered in ovo improve intestinal microbiota composition and mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Hubbard hybrids are slow-growing chickens with a high resistance to heat. In this paper, we determined the impact of GOS delivered in ovo on slow-growing chickens that are challenged with heat. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 12 of incubation, GOS (3.5 mg/egg) was delivered into the egg (n = 300). Controls (C) were mock-injected with physiological saline (n = 300). After hatching, the GOS and C groups were split into thermal groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). HS (30 °C) lasted for 14 days (days 36–50 post-hatching). The spleen (n = 8) was sampled after acute (8.5 h) and chronic (14 days) HS. The gene expression of immune-related (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17) and stress-related genes (HSP25, HSP90AA1, BAG3, CAT, and SOD) was detected with RT-qPCR. Chronic HS up-regulated the expression of the genes: IL-10, IL-12p40, SOD (p < 0.05), and CAT (p < 0.01). GOS delivered in ovo down-regulated IL-4 (acute p < 0.001; chronic p < 0.01), IL-12p40, CAT and SOD (chronic p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that slow-growing hybrids are resistant to acute heat and tolerant to chronic heat, which can be supported with in ovo GOS administration.

scholarly journals Impact of potato psyllid density and timing of infestation on Zebra chip disease expression in potato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Feng ◽  
Zhao Zi-Hua ◽  
Jifon John ◽  
Liu Tong-Xian
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Zebra Chip Disease ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The impact of vector density and timing of infestation on potato were investigated. Healthy potato plants at different growth stages (4, 5, and 7 weeks after germination) were exposed separately to four different B. cockerelli densities (0, 5, 20, and 40 psyllids per cage) in field cages and Zebra chip (ZC) symptoms, leaf photosynthetic rates, tuber yield, and total nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and tubers of healthy and B. cockerelli-infested plants were monitored. Potato psyllid nymph and egg populations reached a seasonal peak at 6 weeks after the exposure to insect. Younger plants at 4-week growth stage after germination were more susceptible to B. cockerelli infestation and ZC expression than older plants. As few as five B. cockerelli adults were enough to transmit the ZC pathogen and cause ZC expression both in foliage and tuber. At the density of 20 psyllids per cage, more than 50% of plants showed ZC symptoms in tubers. Furthermore, B. cockerelli infestation reduced leaf photosynthesis rates (P<sub>n</sub>), resulting in less starch and more reducing sugars in tubers, and hence reduced tuber weight and yield, especially when psyllid infestation occurred at the early growth stages. The results indicate that early B. cockerelli infestation of younger plants was associated with more severe ZC expression in both foliage and tubers, leading to earlier dead plants. The data suggest that strategies for controlling B. cockerelli during early potato crop development could thus lessen the severity of ZC development.

The impact of climate change on the biology of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus: current knowledge and gaps to be filled.

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Isabel Santos ◽  
Matias Pablo Juan Szabó ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigues Caetano ◽  
Maristela Martins de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This expert opinion revisits the factors affecting the on- and off-host ecology of Rhipicephalus microplus in the context of climate change. It also highlights how the negative effects of heat stress caused by climate change on animal welfare, productivity and health of cattle will likely become more of an issue in the future if the Earth's climate continues to warm as predicted.

scholarly journals Integration between ROS Regulatory Systems and Other Signals in the Regulation of Various Types of Heat Responses in Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Katano ◽  
Kohey Honda ◽  
Nobuhiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
Acclimatory Response ◽  
Severe Heat Stress ◽  
Mode Of Coordination ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants cannot escape from heat stress and are forced to alter their cellular state to prevent damage. Plants, therefore, evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to irregular increases in temperature in the natural environment. In addition to the ability to adapt to an abrupt increase in temperature, plants possess strategies to reprogram their cellular state during pre-exposure to sublethal heat stress so that they are able to survive under subsequent severe heat stress. Such an acclimatory response to heat, i.e., acquired thermotolerance, might depend on the maintenance of heat memory and propagation of long-distance signaling. In addition, plants are able to tailor their specific cellular state to adapt to heat stress combined with other abiotic stresses. Many studies revealed significant roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory systems in the regulation of these various heat responses in plants. However, the mode of coordination between ROS regulatory systems and other pathways is still largely unknown. In this review, we address how ROS regulatory systems are integrated with other signaling networks to control various types of heat responses in plants. In addition, differences and similarities in heat response signals between different growth stages are also addressed.

scholarly journals Response of Cotton Varieties to the Stage of Topping under Rainfed Condition of Bardiya, Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of topping at different growth stages (3-4, 6-7, 9-10 and 12-13 sympodial branches) on productivity of two (Tamcot SP-37 and H-777) cotton varieties under rainfed condition at the Kumbher Farm (Bardiya district) of Cotton Development Board in 1995. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The interaction effect between variety and stages of topping showed that significantly higher yield (1.23 t/ha) was produced by topping plants at the stage of 12-13 sympodial banches of the variety Tamcot SP-37 as compared to all other treatments. At all stages of topping the yield produced by Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than H-777. The average seed cotton yield (1.03 t/ha) of Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than that of H- 777 (0.71 t/ha) and the difference in yield was 45.0%. The seed-cotton yield increased from 0.75 to 1.00 t/ ha with the postponed of topping from 3-4 to 12-13 sympodial branches, but significant difference was recorded between late (12-13 sympodial branches) and early (3-4 and 6-7 sympodial branches) stages of topping. Thus, for rainfed condition of Bardiya Tamcot SP-37 was a suitable variety with 12-13 sympodial branches as an appropriate stage of topping for sustainable production of cotton. Key words: Variety, topping, sympodial branches. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:165-168 (2006)

scholarly journals The impact of climatic variability and climate change on arabic coffee crop in Brazil

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bento Paes de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The climatic variability is the main factor responsible for the oscillations and frustrations of the coffee grain yield in Brazil. The relationships between the climatic parameters and the agricultural production are quite complex, because environmental factors affect the growth and the development of the plants under different forms during the growth stages of the coffee crop. Agrometeorological models related to the growth, development and productivity can supply information for the soil water monitoring and yield forecast, based on the water stress. A soil water balance during different growth stages of the coffee crop, can quantify the effect of the available soil water on the decrease of the final yield. Other climatic factors can reduce the productivity, such as adverse air temperatures happened during different growth stages. Solar radiation and relative humidity influence many physiological processes of the coffee tree but are not generally thought to play an important role as thermal and rainfall conditions in defining potential yield or ecological limitations for this crop. According to the last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), the global temperature is supposed to increase 1.1ºC to 6.4ºC and the rainfall 15% in the tropical areas of Brazil. Some Global warming projections as presented by IPCC will cause a strong decrease in the coffee production in Brazil. According to the literature besides the reduction of suitable areas for coffee production, the crop will tend to move South and uphill regions. This review article analyze the effect that these possible scenarios would have in the agro-climatic coffee zoning in Brazil, and adaptive solutions, such as agronomic mitigations and development of cultivars adapted to high temperatures is considered.

Efficacy of increasing application rates and combination of herbicides and mowing at different growth stages of common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Juan F. F. Daddario ◽  
Guillermo Tucat ◽  
Osvaldo A. Fernandez ◽  
Diego J. Bentivegna
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Common teasel is a troublesome invasive weed in North and South America. Additional information on the efficacy of herbicide application and mowing at different growth stages will help in common teasel management. Firstly, an outdoor pot experiment was performed to assess increasing application rates and combinations of glyphosate and 2,4-D amine, when applied at four leaf, rosette and bolting stages. Secondly, field experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of time of cutting on invasive common teasel plant height, head number, and head length. Finally, germinability of seeds collected from naturally growing plants was determined to evaluate the feasibility of mowing invasive common teasel after flowering. Only glyphosate applied at 1.08 kg ae ha-1 at four leaf stage provided adequate control (>90%). Although control was not satisfactory (<90%) when applying glyphosate at 2.16 kg ae ha-1 at rosette and bolting stages, and 2,4-D at 1.75 kg ae ha-1 at four leaf stage, significant injury and biomass decline were observed. Glyphosate and 2,4-D combinations did not improve common teasel control compared with single applications. Cutting rosettes strongly reduced inflorescence production (34-42%) and cutting flowering plants prevented total regrowth. Germination of seeds averaged 14% when harvested 10 d after flowering, and maximum seed germination (>90%) was found 30 d after flowering. Glyphosate applied alone at the recommended commercial rate early in the growing season together with cutting at the flowering stage, may be the most beneficial way of controlling invasive common teasel.

scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Tuber Production and Carbohydrates Partitioning in Different Cultivars During Consecutive Stages of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Growth

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula Mokrani ◽  
Christina Kühn ◽  
Neji Tarchoun
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract The main objective of this study was to assess responses of mid-early (Spunta) and mid-late (Bellini) potato cultivars to different temperature regimes during subsequent stages of potato growth. The impact of high temperature (25/22°C day/night), low temperature (18/16°C day/night) and intermediate temperature (20/18°C day/night) was evaluated for different growth stages. Data were obtained for photosynthesis, carbohydrates in leaves, stems and tubers as well as production parameters. Enzyme activities were determined for sucrose-phosphate synthase in leaves, acid invertase in stems and acid and neutral invertases in tubers. Gene expression levels of relevant sugar metabolizing enzymes was quantified.A detailed correlation analysis revealed a strong impact of the expression level of sugar metabolizing enzymes in leaves on the final number of tubers per plant.Whereas total tuber yield increases with temperature, the number of tubers per plant was highest under low temperature conditions. Our data suggest an important role of the temperature on the length of the different growth stages.

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