scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1993-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUMBERTO M. BARBOSA ◽  
JAILSON N. DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
THIAGO A.S. ARAÚJO ◽  
FILIPE S. DUARTE ◽  
ULYSSES P. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Spondias Tuberosa

ABSTRACT Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50μg ml−1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MIRABILIS JALAPA LINN IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
SENTHIL KUMARI C ◽  
DHANASEKHAR KESAVELU
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa linn through acute and subacute toxicity studies in albino Wistar rats. Methods: For acute toxicity studies, the ethanolic extract of M. jalapa was given up to 2000 mg/kg and then the animals were observed for 14 days to find out any adverse effect or death. For sub-acute toxicity studies, the exact was given for 28 days and the following parameters were observed such as changes in body weight, food intake, water intake, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, lipid profile, urine analysis, and histopathological studies were undertaken. Results: Single oral administration of 2000 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of M. jalapa produced no mortality or signs of toxicity. During subacute toxicity there were no changes in body weight, food intake and water intake were observed. There were no changes in lipid profile, hematological parameters, and biochemical parameters. In histopathological changes, there were no structural changes in treated groups when compared to control. Conclusion: The leaves of ethanolic extract of M. jalapa is safe when administered for 28 days. There were no deaths or signs of toxicity in treated rats during acute toxicity studies and subacute toxicity studies.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Ethyl Acetate Soluble Proanthocyanidins of the Immature Inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. in Female Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. P. Ekanayake ◽  
M. G. Thammitiyagodage ◽  
S. Padumadasa ◽  
B. Seneviratne ◽  
C. Padumadasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners of Sri Lanka use the decoction of the immature inflorescence of Cocos nucifera L. (IC) variety aurantiaca for the treatment of menorrhagia. The progestogenic effect of the ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins (EASPA) of the IC in female rats at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight has been reported. Acute and subacute toxicity studies of EASPA of the IC carried out using female Wistar rats according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423 and 407, respectively, are reported herein. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of EASPA (2000 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to rats, which were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, rats were orally administered with EASPA daily for 28 days at doses of 1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 mg/kg body weight. No rat in either the acute or subacute toxicity study exhibited mortality or clinical signs of toxicity. Further, these rats did not show any significant change in their mean body weight, food, and water intake, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as in the results of their histopathological examinations compared to those of control group rats. According to results of the acute toxicity, the LD50 of EASPA is estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Considering the results of the subacute toxicity study, the oral administration of EASPA daily for 28 days was well tolerated up to the dose, 14 mg/kg by rats. These results will be useful in the development of a novel therapeutic agent from EASPA of the IC for the treatment of menorrhagia, which incapacitates a considerable proportion of women worldwide.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phyllantus emblica) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus). (Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Leaves on Mice (Mus musculus))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
T. Armansyah TR ◽  
Sudi Indriany ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to asses the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves using lethal dose 50 (LD50) on mice (Mus musculus). Twenty male mice weighing between 20-30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (group K1-K4) of 5 mice each. All mice in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were administered ethanolic extract of malaka leaves with the dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg bw, respectively. Single dose of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves were given by oral gavage prior to clinical observation . The observation period was 14 days post administration, for sign of toxicity symptom, weight loss, and mortality. The result showed that no mortality was observed in the experimental animals during this study. Slight reduction of body weight was observed in group K2, K3, and K4, and no toxicity sign was found during fourteen days of observation. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves was higher than 16 g/kg body weight, thus, the substance was practically non toxic substance.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ampelocissus Indica (L.) Planch (Chembravalli) in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithya V S ◽  
Indulekha V C ◽  
Helen Antony
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Experimental Inflammation ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

Abstract Background Ampelocissus indica (L.)Planch, Vitaceae locally known as Chembravalli, is medicinal plant used for inflammatory skin ailments and documented in Hortus Malabaricus, and traditional Ayurveda books. Objective To conduct phyto-chemical and acute toxicity of root of A.indica and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and methods Phyto-chemical profiling of root of A.indica was done as per standard ICMR methods and acute toxicity as per OECD-425. Decoction of A.indica (AI-8.64 ml/kg, AI-4.32 ml/kg) and ethanolic extract (AIE-500 mg/kg) were orally given to rats with Carrageenan induced rat paw edema and also in other rats with Cotton pellet induced granuloma; paw volume, weight of granuloma, histopathology, serum TNF α, IL1β were assessed. Results Oral administration of decoction AI-8.64 ml/kg, AI-4.32 ml/kg, and AIE-500 mg/kg significantly reduced inflammation by reducing paw volume, serum TNF α, IL1β. AI-8.64 ml/kg significantly reduced weight of granuloma and serum TNF α, IL1β. No acute toxicity was found upto 2000 mg/kg. Flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and steroids found in A.indica extract. Conclusion The present finding suggested that A.indica has a protective effect on experimental inflammation in rats and phytochemical profile will be useful for further studies

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of the Aqueous Extract from Haloxylon scoparium Pomel (Hammada scoparia (Pomel)) by Oral Administration in Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loubna Kharchoufa ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Noureddine Bencheikh ◽  
Soufiane El Assri ◽  
Asmae Amirou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Haloxylon scoparium Pomel is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating scorpions and snakebite, diabetes, and stomachache as well as several other diseases. No systematic study of the potential toxicity of the plant has been described. Aim of the Study. The current study is aimed at assessing the potential toxicity of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel through the acute and subacute toxicity tests. Materials and Methods. Acute toxicity test was performed on Swiss albino mice at a single oral dose of 1-10 g/kg for 14 consecutive days. General behavioral adverse effects, mortality, and latency of mortality were determined. In the subacute study, the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was administered orally at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 30 days to Wistar rats. Body weight and selected biochemical and hematological parameters were determined at the end of the experiment. Sections of livers and kidneys were removed for histological studies. Results. Acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract was 5000 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg did not produce any observable symptoms of toxicity and no significant variation in body weight, organ weights, food, and water consumption or mortality in all treated rats. However, the administration of the Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract to rats at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg showed a significant decrease in platelets. Moreover, only at the highest dose (2000 mg/kg), the extract caused a significant increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin. Our results showed that subacute treatments with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides. Histological studies showed that the subacute treatments of rats with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts, at the doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, induced some histopathological changes in the livers but a slight changing in kidneys. Conclusion. Our results indicated low acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel. Furthermore, daily oral administration of Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extract caused some damages to the livers of rats treated with high doses, expressed by an increase in some enzyme activities such as ALP. Regarding the renal function, we did not find remarkable toxicity in the subacute treatment with Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts at doses 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. However, further toxicity assessments should be done to ascertain the safety or the toxicity of this valuable plant species “Haloxylon scoparium pomel” in subchronic treatments.

scholarly journals Safety and Effectiveness of Mist Antiaris, a Herbal Preparation for Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
S. Antwi ◽  
J. Asiedu-Larbi ◽  
O. N. K. Martey ◽  
O. Quasie ◽  
M. Boakye-Yiadom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Mist Antiaris is a herbal decoction for treatment of nervous disorders. Safety and efficacy were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and human patients, respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed by administration of a single 5000 mg/kg oral dose of decoction to a group of six rats. For subchronic toxicity, four groups of six rats each received water (control) or 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg oral doses of decoction daily for eight weeks. Body weight, serum, urine, and hematological profile of the animals in each group were monitored over the period. Effects of treatment on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and histology of liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissue were assessed at the end of the study. There was no evidence of acute toxicity within 48 hours of the oral dose. Over the 8-week period, body weight increases in Mist Antiaris treatment groups were reduced relative to the control group. There were no significant differences in urine profile, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, and pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Tissue histology revealed no differences relative to controls. Assessment of efficacy was by retrospective review of data on patients who presented with peripheral neuropathy. Treatment resulted in 53.7 % of patients reporting complete resolution and 15.7 % showing reduction in neuropathic symptoms. The data demonstrate that there is no toxicity due to subchronic administration of Mist Antiaris in Sprague-Dawley rats. The reduction or resolution of neuropathic symptoms indicated by patents’ file data provides evidence to suggest that Mist Antiaris has antineuropathic effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) seed ethanolic extracts in swiss webster mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Riani Setiadhi ◽  
Irna Sufiawati ◽  
Dewi Zakiawati ◽  
Nanan Nur’aeny ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract in Swiss Webster mice.Material and Methods: Pomegranate seed’s ethanolic extracts were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdilution method through 96-wells microplate. In acute toxicity test, 12 females and 12 males Swiss Webster mice weighing 20–30 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 3 females and 3 males. Three groups were orally given of sample with concentrations 0.2% equivalent to 40 mg/kg, 0.4% equivalent to 80 mg/kg, and 0.8% equivalent to 160 mg/kg, while the control group was given distilled water. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, for 24 hours and 7 days.Results: The MIC against Streptococcus sanguis was on 2000 ppm concentration and until 24 hours observation no lethal effect occurred on the mice, but at the 7 days observation in the group of 0.8% per kilogram body weight, the lethal effect occurred at one mice.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds has antibacterial effect and no acute systemic toxicity, which can be considered safe on the use as oral topical solution since the toxic dose is greater than 160 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Effects of GPR18 Ligands on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in a Female Rat Model of Excessive Eating

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kotańska ◽  
Kamil Mika ◽  
Małgorzata Szafarz ◽  
Monika Kubacka ◽  
Christa E. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Anorectic Activity

GPR18 has been proposed to play a role in the progression of metabolic disease and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of selective GRP18 ligands (the antagonists PSB-CB5 and PSB-CB27 and the agonist PSB-KK1415) on body mass and the development of metabolic disorders commonly accompanying obesity. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats. In order to determine the anorectic activity of the investigated ligands, their effect on food and water intake in a model of excessive eating was assessed. Lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels as well as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in plasma were also evaluated. Potential side effects were examined in rat models of pica behavior and conditioned taste aversion. Animals treated with different ligands gained significantly less weight than rats from the obese control group. Effects of GPR18 antagonists on food intake and body weight were specific and unrelated to visceral illness, stress or changes in spontaneous activity. However, the GPR18 agonist is likely to affect body weight by inducing gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea. The presented preliminary data support the idea that the search for selective GPR18 antagonists for the treatment of obesity might be promising.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic and acute toxicity studies of Annona squamosa L. ethanolic leaves extract.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah - Saeed ◽  
Mansoor Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Body Weight Dose

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Aim of this research work was to explore the anti-diabetic activity and acute toxicity of <em>Annona squamosa </em>L. leaves ethanolic extract in albino rats and mice respectively.</p><p>Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (120 mg/kg). Seven rats were taken in each group. Glibenclaimide (0.25 mg/kg) was taken as the standard drug. <em>A. squamosa</em> was administered orally in 100mg, 200mg and 400mg doses in three different groups of diabetes- induced rats. <em>A. squamosa</em> leaves extracts were found to have significant anti-diabetic activity.</p><p>Acute toxicity study was carried out on administration of 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity was observed at 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg doses. At 5000mg/kg body weight dose 100% fatality was recorded within 24 hours.</p><p>Our research work revealed the safe and effective anti-diabetic activity of <em>Annona squamosa</em> ethanolic leaves extract. </p>

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