scholarly journals The impact of migration on body weight: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Goulão ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
Isabel do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Impact

Immigrants may be more vulnerable to obesity as a result of the immigration process. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the impact of immigration on body mass index (BMI). A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines through a database search of scientific articles (last updated in August 2014). Thirty-nine articles were included and assessed. Results varied according to ethnic background, country of origin and host country. A consistent positive association between BMI and time since immigration was found among Hispanic, European and African immigrants. Less than half of the studies observed a positive association among Asian immigrants. The quality of the majority of the studies assessed was poor, reflecting a need to improve methodology and concept definition. Immigration appears to have a deteriorative effect on BMI. Underlying causes may include changes in nutrition and physical activity, psychological and social factors, and genetic susceptibility and these aspects should be included as moderator variables in future studies.

Music therapy effectiveness by duration in patients with cancer: a meta-regression

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003163
Author(s):  
Ronald Chow ◽  
Robert Bergner ◽  
Elizabeth Prsic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesSeveral reviews and meta-analyses have reported on music therapy for physical and emotional well-being among patients with cancer. However, the duration of music therapy offered may range from less than 1 hour to several hours. The aim of this study is to assess whether longer duration of music therapy is associated with different levels of improvement in physical and mental well-being.MethodsTen studies were included in this paper, reporting on the endpoints of quality of life and pain. A meta-regression, using an inverse-variance model, was performed to assess the impact of total music therapy time. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for the outcome of pain, among low risk of bias trials.ResultsOur meta-regression found a trend for positive association between greater total music therapy time and improved better pain control, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionThere is a need for more high-quality studies examining music therapy for patients with cancer, with a focus on total music therapy time and patient-related outcomes including quality of life and pain.

scholarly journals Informal caregivers of patients with COPD: Home Sweet Home?

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (137) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke Nakken ◽  
Daisy J.A. Janssen ◽  
Esther H.A. van den Bogaart ◽  
Emiel F.M. Wouters ◽  
Frits M.E. Franssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Quality

The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on society is increasing. Healthcare systems should support patients with COPD in achieving an optimal quality of life, while limiting the costs of care. As a consequence, a shift from hospital care to home care seems inevitable. Therefore, patients will have to rely to a greater extent on informal caregivers. Patients with COPD as well as their informal caregivers are confronted with multiple limitations in activities of daily living. The presence of an informal caregiver is important to provide practical help and emotional support. However, caregivers can be overprotective, which can make patients more dependent. Informal caregiving may lead to symptoms of anxiety, depression, social isolation and a changed relationship with the patient. The caregivers' subjective burden is a major determinant of the impact of caregiving. Therefore, the caregiver's perception of the patient's health is an important factor. This article reviews the current knowledge about these informal caregivers of patients with COPD, the impact of COPD on their lives and their perception of the patient's health status.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis: Implications for future research on postural control and gait

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Felipe Balistieri Santinelli ◽  
Emerson Sebastião ◽  
Marcela de Oliveira ◽  
Fabio Augusto Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gait Impairments

The objective of this letter is to provide a perspective on the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on postural control and gait and suggestions for future studies. Although studies on MS with postural control and gait have been carried out for some time, in Brazil and in the World, there is still insufficient information on MS and impairments in postural control and gait.Postural control and gait impairments are recognized to cause several problems for people with MS, these being two of the symptoms that most affect quality of life.Here, we present studies that have investigated impairments in postural control and gait using different experimental designs and discuss the adaptations of the central nervous system (CNS) due to the damage caused by MS.We recommend future studies focus on how the CNS is organized towards postural control and gait, with a better ecological approach, which could assist the development of rehabilitation programs.

scholarly journals The Association between Hope and Quality of Life among Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Ai Mardhiyah ◽  
Koshy Philip ◽  
Henny Suzana Mediani ◽  
Iyus Yosep
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
English Language ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Hope has been identified as a protective factor that contributes to achieving a better quality to life, especially in patients with chronic disease. The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge about the relationship between hope and quality of life among adolescents living with chronic illnesses.Methods: We searched major English-language databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL) for studies from January 1, 2002 to July 12, 2019. Studies were included if they provided data on hope and its relationship with quality of life among adolescents with chronic diseases.Results: In total, five articles were selected from the 336 studies that were retrieved. All five studies reported a positive correlation between hope and quality of life, such that people with a higher level of hope had a better quality of life. Hope was found to have direct and indirect effects on quality of life in adolescents with chronic diseases.Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should make more efforts to enhance hope in adolescents with chronic diseases in order to improve their quality of life. Future studies exploring how hope develops in adolescents with chronic diseases and the long-term impact of hope on quality of life are necessary.

scholarly journals The AJE Summit 2020 Report: The Past, Present and Future of Japanese Language Education in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kojima ◽  
Marcella Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Report

Associations of teachers of Japanese play an indispensable role in assisting not only teachers but also learners and impacting society by offering resources and opportunities for the growth of in-service teachers and pre-service teachers such as postgraduate students. Enhancing the quality of the resources and opportunities is expected to become effective when they know each other, learn from each other and work together. For this purpose, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe hosted a summit where the representatives of 22 European countries gathered to discuss the current and the future of Japanese language education in Europe. The aim of the current report is to present general but up-to-date information about the teachers, learners, institutions, associations, and features and challenges of each country. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the key discussions of the summit on the challenges and the possible actions for the viable future of Japanese language education in Europe. The Authors hope to contribute to creating the reference points for larger future studies on such associations while reflecting on the impact the summit possibly had.

scholarly journals Evaluation of depressive symptoms and quality of life in individuals with tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Suelen Recepute Xavier ◽  
Letícia Ladeira Bonato ◽  
Elisa Lima Alves ◽  
Letícia Raquel Baraky ◽  
Luciano Ambrósio Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catastrophic Impact

Various etiologies are attributed to the development of subjective tinnitus, but their inter-relationship with the presence of temporomandibular disorders and depression is still poorly understood. To assess the presence of depressive symptoms in individuals with TMD and subjective tinnitus, assessing the impact on their quality of life. This is a cross-sectional observational descriptive study. We evaluated 44 patients in a public University. For TMD diagnosis as well as assessment of depressive symptoms, the RDC/TMD questionnaire was used. Otolaryngological assessment was conducted by means of pure tone, speech, and immitance audiometry. The “Tinnitus Handicap Inventory” questionnaire was also administered. 84% of the individuals with tinnitus had myofascial pain, with the masseter muscle being the most prevalent area of pain, and 16% exclusively had painful and/or degenerative TMJ changes. Among the patients with myofascial pain, 86,5% had depressive symptoms, while among those without myofascial pain, only 42,8% presented these symptoms. Eleven (11) patients (25%) reported slight impact of tinnitus on quality of life, 15 (34%) mild impact, 7 (16%) moderate, 7 (16%) severe, and 4 (9%) catastrophic impact. There was a positive association between the presence of myofascial pain and depressive symptoms (p=0,02), as the intensity of tinnitus increases and the severity of depressive symptoms (p

scholarly journals Nutrition, IBD and Gut Microbiota: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Mentella ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Marco Pizzoferrato ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Diet

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong treatment. The underlying causes of IBD are still unclear, as this heterogeneous disorder results from a complex interplay between genetic variability, the host immune system and environmental factors. The current knowledge recognizes diet as a risk factor for the development of IBD and attributes a substantial pathogenic role to the intestinal dysbiosis inducing an aberrant mucosal immune response in genetically predisposed individuals. This review focused on the clinical evidence available that considers the impact of some nutrients on IBD onset and the role of different diets in the management of IBD and their effects on the gut microbiota composition. The effects of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, gluten free diet, anti-inflammatory diet and Mediterranean diet are investigated with regard to their impact on microbiota and on the evolution of the disease. At present, no clear indications toward a specific diet are available but the assessment of dysbiosis prior to the recommendation of a specific diet should become a standard clinical approach in order to achieve a personalized therapy.

The Psychological Impact of Medical Error on Patients, Family Members, and Health Professionals

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Mary I. Gouva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Errors ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The current chapter examines the psychological implications emerging from medical errors. Whilst the psychological effects have studied, nonetheless the consequent impacts and the underlying psychological causes have not been sufficiently analysed and/ or interpreted. The chapter will add to the literate by using a psychodynamic approach in analysing the psychological impact of medical errors and provide interpretations of the underlying causes. The chapter concludes that medical errors lead to a series of implications. For the patient the quality of interactions with health professionals are directly affected and usually have immediate consequences. The impact of these consequences in the patient is mediated by the patient's personality, history of the individual and the psychoanalytic destiny of the patient. For the patient's relatives medical errors create emotional cracks leading to regression and eventual transference of the medical errors as a “bad” object. For health professionals medical errors impact upon the psychological defence mechanisms of the psychic Ego.

Impact of onychomycosis on quality of life

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Drake
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The author reviews the current knowledge of the impact of onychomycosis on quality of life. Like other visible disorders of the integumentary system, onychomycosis affects many aspects of life, including physical functioning, interpersonal interactions, and emotional state. After examining the nature of quality of life and the study instruments used to measure it, the author reviews several studies that have examined the relationship between onychomycosis and quality of life. The author concludes that onychomycosis is a significant medical problem that has a great impact on patients' lives and should therefore be treated as definitively as possible.

scholarly journals The effects of cohousing model on people’s health and wellbeing: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juli Carrere ◽  
Alexia Reyes ◽  
Laura Oliveras ◽  
Anna Fernández ◽  
Andrés Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Psychosocial Determinants ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract Background Housing is a social determinant of health. Extensive research has highlighted its adverse effects on health. However, less is known about the effects of cohousing typology on health, which has the potential to create lively social networks and healthy communities and environments. We report the findings of a scoping study designed to gather and synthesise all known evidence on the relationship between cohousing and wellbeing and health. Method Using the scoping review method, we conducted a literature review in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and JSTOR in May 2019 and selected articles published from 1960 onwards, with no geographical limit and no design restrictions. Retrieved articles underwent three sequential screening phases. The results were described through a narrative synthesis of the evidence. Results Of the 2560 articles identified, we selected 25 full-text articles analysing 77 experiences. All of them were conducted in high-income countries. Ten studies analysed the impact of cohousing on physical and mental health or quality of life and wellbeing. Eight of the 10 studies found a positive association. In addition, 22 studies analysed one or more psychosocial determinants of health (such as social support, sense of community and physical, emotional and economic security) and most found a positive association. Through these determinants, quality of life, wellbeing and health could be improved. However, the quality of the evidence was low. Discussion The cohousing model could enhance health and wellbeing mediated by psychosocial determinants of health. However, extreme caution should be exercised in drawing any conclusions due to the dearth of data identified and the designs used in the included studies, with most being cross-sectional or qualitative studies, which precluded causal-based interpretations. Because housing is a major social determinant of health, more evidence is needed on the impact of this model on health through both psychosocial and material pathways.

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