scholarly journals Combined supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast on finishing barrows

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Puhl Rodrigues ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Elis Regina de Moraes Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Combined Supplementation ◽  
Chromium Yeast ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

ABSTRACT: The present study was performed to evaluate the association of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast as nutritional additives to enhance performance and quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows. A total of 48 barrows, commercial hybrid, with initial weight of 68.3±3.5 kg and final weight of 99.6±3.6 kg, were utilized for the study. The animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design, consisting of three levels of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast (i.e., without supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast, supplementation of 0.4 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.3 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast, and supplementation of 0.8 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.6 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast) with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the average daily feed intake, digestible lysine, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion, weight and carcass length, back fat thickness, muscle depth, percentage and amount of lean meat, and carcass allowance. These findings suggest that supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast does not affect the performance or quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Effect of diets with different levels of guanidinoacetic acid on newly weaned piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas ◽  
Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello ◽  
Emmanuel Arnhold ◽  
Patrícia Da Silva Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Ninety barrow piglets weaned at 21 days old were used to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on their performance and blood creatinine and creatine kinase (CK) levels during the nursery phase (21 to 63 days old). The piglets were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% GAA inclusion), six repetitions, and three animals per repetition. The experimental rations were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for the phases of 21 to 32, 33 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age. The experimental diets and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experimental period. At 42 and 63 days old, blood was collected from one animal in each experimental unit for creatinine and creatine kinase analysis. The analysed variables were daily weight gain (DFG), daily feed intake (DFI), and feed conversion (FC) in the 21 to 42 days old and 21 to 63 days old of the nursery phase. All variables were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. We adopted ? = 0.05, and considered a trend to be present when ? was between 0.05 and 0.10. In the pre-initial period (21 to 42 days old), there was an increasing trend in daily weight (P = 0.069), which increased to the level of 0.97% of GAA inclusion. The DFI and FC were not significantly affected by the addition of different GAA levels in the diet. Creatinine levels in the blood at 42 and 63 days old were not significantly influenced by the treatments. The level of CK at 42 days old showed an increasing trend (P = 0.077) that occurred quadratically to the level of 0.085% of GAA inclusion, with no significant difference for this variable at 63 days old. The use of GAA did not promote improvements in performance or blood creatinine and CK levels in piglets in the nursery phase.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment improves the performance and behavior of piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.T.R.N. Soares ◽  
J.P. Molino ◽  
R.L. Costa ◽  
T.P. Bonaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Behavior

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

scholarly journals Dehydrated cassava co-product in starting piglets feeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Davi Elias De Sá e Castro ◽  
Paulo Levi De Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jansller Luiz Genova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Levels

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of a dehydrated cassava co-product (DCC) and its effects on the performance and blood variables of piglets fed with different levels of DCC. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed and 30 whole-male crossbred piglets with initial body weight of 18.00 ± 0.673 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A reference diet was formulated to meet the category nutritional requirements and the different levels of DCC replacement (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet and composed the treatments. In experiment II, 120 piglets (60 whole males and 60 females) were used, with initial body weight of 13.05 ± 1.59 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and 4 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of five feeds with increasing inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of the DCC. The feed based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet the recommended levels in starting piglets feeding. The data were submitted for statistical analysis and, when presenting significant difference, the averages were compared by the Dunnet’s test at 10 % significance. In the digestibility assay, the values of DCC’s digestive energy and metabolizable energy of 3,022 and 2,984 kcal kg -1 in natural matter, respectively, were found. There was no significant effect (p > 0.10) of inclusion levels of DCC on the final weight and daily gain of weight however we observed a quadratic effect (p < 0.10) of the DCC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. For the analysis of blood parameters, the results showed that there was no effect (p > 0.10) of DCC levels on glucose and blood urea in the different treatments. The use of the dehydrated cassava co-product can be an energetic alternative to piglets in starting phase and can be used up to 12 %.

scholarly journals Ractopamine levels for finishing barrows maintained in heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilene Figueiredo Sanches ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Alfredo Sampaio Carrijo ◽  
Mariana Souza de Moura ◽  
Elizangela Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, quantitative characteristics of carcass, and visceral responses of barrows maintained on heat stress enviroment and fed diets supplemented with ractopamine. It was used 48 animals with initial weight of 67.3 ± 3.8 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), each one with six replicates with two animals each. The experimental period lasted 28 days. Air temperature was 31.8 ± 2.0ºC, air humidity was 72.6 ± 10.2% and BGHI was 82.7 ± 2.8. Daily feed intake was not affect by the levels of ractopamine but they improved feed conversion and increased daily weight gain and final weight of the animals. The carcass quantitative characteristics were not affected by levels of ractopamine. The weights of the liver and kidneys showed linear increases accordingly to increase of ractopamine levels in the diet whereas weight of other organs and length of small intestine were not affected by supplementation with ractopamine. The optimum level of ractopamine for the best performance of barrows under heat stress is 20 mg/kg and it does not affect the quantitative characteristics of carcass.

scholarly journals ENZYME COMPLEX SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SWINE IN GROWTH AND FINISHING PHASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATÁLIA YOKO SITANAKA ◽  
FÁBIO ENRIQUE LEMOS BUDIÑO ◽  
SIMONE RAYMUNDO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ANDREIA DONIZETE CHAGAS VILAS BOAS ◽  
JOSÉ EVANDRO DE MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an enzyme complex-α-amylase, ß-glucanase, phytase, cellulase, xylanase and protease-in the feed of swine in growing and finishing phases, by assessing their performance (daily weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion), dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy apparent digestibility, and the feed costs. Eighty pigs-castrated males, and females-of approximately 63 days of age and initial weight of 20.18±1.98 kg were distributed in a 5×2 factorial arrangement (diet × sex), in a randomized block design, with eight replications. The treatments used were: positive control diet consisted of 3,300 kcal/kg in the growth-I phase, and 3,250 kcal/kg in the growth-II and finishing phases; negative control diet with energy reduction of 85 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy (ME) (NC85); NC85 diet with addition of enzyme complex (EC85); negative control diet with energy reduction of 100 kcal/kg ME (NC100); NC100 diet with addition of enzyme complex (EC100). The addition of the enzyme complex to the diet with energy reduction of 100 kcal/kg ME increased the digestible protein content of the diet for the swine in the growth-II phase. The addition of the enzyme complex to the diet with energy reduction of 85 and 100 kcal/kg ME increased the digestible energy content of the diets for the swine in the finishing phase. The use of enzyme complex in diets with reduction of 85 kcal/kg ME for male swine in growing and finishing phases is recommended for improving feed conversion and economic efficiency during the growth-I phase. The use of enzyme complex is not justified for female swine.

PSVI-5 Effect of probiotic supplementation on performance and intestinal integrity in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Illa Carla S Carvalho ◽  
Bruno Alexander N Silva ◽  
Elenice A Moraes ◽  
Henrique G Brand ◽  
Maria M Luspa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Intestinal Integrity

Abstract Probiotics are being considered as an alternative means to reduce pathogen infection and improve animal health especially around the time of weaning. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a probiotic in diets for piglets on their performance and intestinal integrity during nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (18 barrows and 18 females), weaned at 24 days of age were distributed in a randomized block design, with six repetitions per treatment (with or without addition of 50g/ton of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315, GutCare®, Evonik Industries) and each repetition with three pigs per experimental unit. During the experimental period, performance parameters evaluated were body weight (BW), daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion, average daily weight gain (ADG) and the intestinal integrity assessed via galactose absorption capacity. The performance data were submitted to the PDIFF option of the SAS and compared using the Tukey test. During phase 1 (24 to 31 days of age) the use of the probiotic tended (P = 0.07) to improve ADG (+76 g/ d) in comparison to control. As for phase 2 (32 to 39 days of age), 3 (40 to 53 days of age) and 4 (54 to 70 days of age) the use of the probiotic increased the ADFI (+118, +66 and +162 g/ d, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and ADG (+5 and +8%, respectively for phase 2 and 3; P &lt; 0.05) compared to control. The use of the probiotic improved (P = 0.05) nursery end BW (+1.3 kg) and overall ADFI (+8%; P = 0.046). The intestinal integrity was not affected by treatments (P &gt; 0.10) at any stage. In conclusion, the use of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 in diets for weaned piglets can be used as a viable formulation strategy to improve performance and the intestinal health of the animals during nursery phase.

scholarly journals Sequences of digestible lysine for gilts from 60 to 148 days of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Veredino Louzada da Silva Júnior ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

The experiment was conducted to evaluate five nutritional plans based on sequences of standardized ileal digestible lysine: 0.90-0.80-0.70, 1.00-0.90-0.80, 1.10-1.00-0.90, 1.20-1.10-1.00, and 1.30-1.20-1.10% fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 129 to 100, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively. Eighty commercial hybrid gilts, selected for lean gain, with initial weight of 23.46±0.27kg were allotted in a randomized block design, with five treatments, eight replicates, and two pigs per experimental unit. No effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans was verified on daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The nutritional plans had no influence (P>0.05) on any of the carcass traits evaluated (carcass yield, meat amount, and meat yield). The nutritional plan of 0.90-0.80-0.70% standardized ileal digestible lysine fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 100 to 129, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively, meets the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements of gilts from 60 to 148 days of age.

scholarly journals Net energy and ractopamine levels for barrows weighing 70 to 100kg

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Danilo Alves Marçal ◽  
Rodrigo Caetano de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate net energy and dietary ractopamine levels for barrows weighing 70 to 100kg. The 150 pigs investigated (initial weight 70.80±3.84kg) were distributed in a randomized block design with a 5×3 factorial arrangement, comprising five levels of net energy (2,300; 2,425; 2,550; 2,675; and 2,800Kcal kg-1 of diet) and three levels of ractopamine (5, 10, and 20ppm kg-1 of diet), with five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. No interaction (P>0.05) was observed between net energy and ractopamine levels. Increasing the dietary net energy levels led to a linear reduction in feed intake, with a linear improvement in feed conversion. Net energy levels had no observable effect (P>0.05) on weight gain, final weight, or carcass characteristics. A dietary net energy level of 2,800Kcal kg-1 can be recommended for pigs weighing 70-100kg, improving feed conversion without affecting carcass characteristics, regardless of dietary ractopamine levels. Ractopamine levels above 5ppm did not affect performance or modify the quantitative characteristics of carcasses, regardless of dietary net energy levels.

scholarly journals Nutrient reduction in rations with phytase for growing pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Vânia Rodrigues ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Jeronimo Ávito Gonçalves de Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, the energy and nutrient balance and economic viability of production of growing pigs fed diets with reduced levels and phytase. In experiment 1, 60 barrows and gilts (initial weight 25 ± 1.72 kg) were housed in a randomized block design with three diets, ten replicates and two animals per experimental unit (one male and one female). One of the diets was formulated with a reduced level with phytase and evaluated in comparison to a positive-control diet that was formulated according to the nutritional recommendations for animals of this breed, and a negative-control diet without phytase. The different diets did not affect feed intake, but the diet with phytase promoted better final weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion, although it did not differ from the positive control diet. In experiment 2, 27 barrows (initial weight 49 ± 3.67 kg) were housed in random blocks with three diets and nine replicates with experimental plot represented by one animal. The diets did not affect the balance of energy and nutrients but had a significant effect on the efficiency of utilization of calcium and phosphorus, which was the lowest in animals that received the positive-control diet. Economic viability improved when nutrients were reduced and phytase was added in the ration. The addition of phytase (500 ftu/kg) in rations formulated with nutritional levels reduced for growing swines improves rearing productivity and it is economical viable.

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