scholarly journals Conditioning and aversion to toxic Solanum bonariense ("naranjillo") leaves in calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-673
Author(s):  
Paul Ruiz-Santos ◽  
James Alan Pfister ◽  
José Manuel Verdes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration ◽  
Target Plant

ABSTRACT: Solanum bonariense is a perennial poisonous shrub that induces cerebellar cortical degeneration when eaten by cattle. The aim of this research was to outline a protocol to induce a conditioned aversion to this plant. During the pre-conditioning period ten calves (126±12kg BW) were maintained at half of their normal energy intake with lucerne hay and water ad libitum, to stimulate consumption of S. bonariense. Every two days they were offered 100g ofS. bonariense leaves for 5 minutes. Calves began eating the target plant on day 10 and consumed all the plant material on day 12. The conditioning period began after each calf consumed the entire amount of S. bonariense for three consecutive sessions. Five animals were randomly selected for conditioning, and after ingestion ofS. bonariense they were dosed by oral gavage with lithium chloride (LiCl) at 200mg kg-1 BW (treated group), while the other five received a similar volume of water by oral gavage (control group). After 2 doses of LiCl the treated group ate no S. bonariense while the control group consumed the entire 100g. We confirmed that LiCl is a powerful tool to induce conditioned aversions against S. bonariense in calves, which persists for at least 3 months.

scholarly journals Flaxseed oil (Linum Usitatissimum) attenuates restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior: Upregulation of neurotrophic factors in CA1 region of hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahand Talei ◽  
Tahmineh Mokhtari ◽  
Ilia Asadi ◽  
Leila Arab ◽  
Negar Hassanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Alternative Choice

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of FS oil on the depressive-like behavior following immobility stress in mice. Methods: In this study, 32 male mice were divided into four groups: Control group; FS oil group; Model group: The immobility stress (using falcon for 20 day, 6 hours a day) + feeding with normal saline by oral gavage for another 20 days); Model+FS group: The immobility stress + feeding with 0.2 ml/kg of FS oil by oral gavage for another 20 days. At the end, all mice were evaluated with tail suspension test (TST) and sacrificed through cardiac puncture method. The brain was isolated and prepared for molecular and histopathological studies. Results: The gene expression and protein level of BGNF and GDNF were significantly increased in FS oil treated groups (P<0.05). In microscopic evaluations, the number of dead neurons significantly deceased in FS group (P<0.05). TST results showed a significant decrease in immobility time and depressive-like behaviors in FS oil treated group (P<0.05). Conclusion: FS oil feeding may be effective in treatment of depressive like disorders through its anti-oxidative and neurotrophic promoting features. Therefore, it can be used as an appropriate alternative choice in daily diet to prevent depression in clinical investigations.

Piperine as a new natural supplement with beneficial effects on the life-span and defence system of honeybees

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
M. Schulz ◽  
A. Łoś ◽  
M. Grzybek ◽  
R. Ścibior ◽  
A. Strachecka
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany factors, including pathogens, environmental change and breeding techniques, affect honeybee immunity/resistance, so substances and natural supplements that enhance it are desired. To eliminate the impact of unknown external factors, in 2016 a cage experiment was conducted under constant laboratory conditions (35 °C, 65% relative humidity). Bees in the control group were fed with sugar dissolved in water at ratio 1:1 ad libitum with no additives, while the other group was fed with sugar syrup (1:1) supplemented with piperine (3 µg/ml) ad libitum. The piperine-treated workers lived 9 days longer compared to the control group. In the piperine-consuming group, protein concentration and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were higher than in the control group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also higher in the piperine-treated group. Neutral and acidic proteases inhibitors, as well as neutral protease activities, were higher in the haemolymph of the piperine-treated workers than in untreated bees. Acidic protease activities in the haemolymph were higher in untreated workers only on days 18 and 32. Alkaline protease activities in the control bees were higher from day 10. From 10 days old, the total antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher in the haemolymph of piperine-treated workers. Piperine decreased DNA methylation levels significantly in the older bees. The compound could have the potential to be a natural diet supplement increasing apian resistance to stress factors.

scholarly journals Effect of feed supplementation on reproduction, lactation and growth performance of Black Bengal goats grazed on native pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Saha ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Effect of feed supplementation to does grazed on naturally grown grasses during pre-partum on growth, reproduction and lactation performances of does and growth of the kids were investigated. Fifteen two-toothed and non-pregnant does of about one and half year of age constituted the experimental animals which were randomly allocated in the three groups of 5 and offered A) grazing ad libitum + l00g Mashkalai + 100g Wheat bran, B) grazing ad libitum + 50g Mashkalai + 50g Wheat bran and C) grazing ad libitum. The dry matter intake (DMI) between supplemented groups of A and B were almost similar (90 and 89g/kg w0.75/d respectively) and 12% higher than the control group C (80g/ kg w0.75/d). This DMI represent 4.6, 4.5 and 4.1% of live weight for group A, B and C, respectively. Does in treated group A consumed 30 and 62% more CP than group B and control group C, respectively. Similarly, group B consumed about 25% more CP than group C. There was no effect of grazing and supplementation before the pre-partum period on milk yield between treated group (A and B) and control group C (Av. 157 ml and 156 ml/d, respectively), rearing rate and growth of the suckling kids. Present study suggests that provision of grazing and supplementary feeding increases nutrients intake of does but appear to have no influence on milk yield. Higher prolificacy of Black Bengal goat may not bring any benefit unless milk production is increased.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11975

scholarly journals The effects of recombinant human parathyroid hormone, rhPTH(1-84), on bone mass in undernourished rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Rhee ◽  
R Namgung ◽  
DH Park ◽  
HC Lee ◽  
GB Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Femoral Length ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intermittent Pth

Energy intake restriction reduces bone formation both in protein-energy malnourished children and in undernourished rats, and such conditions might cause partial or irreversible bone loss. Because the use of anti-resorptive agents in this situation is seemingly limited, we examined the effect of the anabolic agent, recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH(1-84)), on bones in undernourished conditions. First, the osteopenic changes of rat bones with 40% restricted diet for 4 weeks were confirmed. Subsequently, another set of the rats were randomized into four groups and studied for 8 weeks: the freely fed group (control group); the restricted diet, then freely fed group (restriction-ad libitum group); the restricted diet-vehicle-treated group (restriction-vehicle group); and the restricted diet-PTH-treated group (restriction-PTH group). In the restriction-vehicle group, total femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was lower and femoral length was shorter than the control group by 15.4% and 8.1% respectively (P<0.05). In the restriction-ad libitum group, these parameters recovered fully to those of the control group. In the case of intermittent PTH treatment in the persistent undernourished state, the BMD of total femur caught up with those of the control or the restriction-ad libitum group. However, the femoral length remained shorter than those of the other groups. Serum osteocalcin was significantly reduced in continuously undernourished rats, whereas it was elevated in the restriction-PTH group. In conclusion, BMD of total femur was low in undernourished rats. However, it increased after re-feeding ad libitum or intermittent PTH treatment. We suggest that rhPTH(1-84) may be a possible therapeutic agent for ongoing bone loss, especially in patients in a chronically undernourished condition.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic Culture Candidates for the Treatment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Neonatal Turkey Poults

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arreguin-Nava ◽  
Hernández-Patlán ◽  
Solis-Cruz ◽  
Latorre ◽  
Hernandez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

The effect of Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic candidates on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) colonization was evaluated in two separate experiments. In each experiment, sixty-one day-of-hatch female turkey poults were obtained from a local hatchery. In both experiments, poults were challenged via oral gavage with 104 cfu/poult of SE and randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 30 poults): (1) the positive control group and (2) the probiotic treated group. Heated brooder batteries were used for housing each group separately and poults were allowed ad libitum access to water and unmedicated turkey starter feed. 1 h following the SE challenge, poults were treated with 106 cfu/poult of probiotic culture via oral gavage or phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）to control groups. A total of 24 h post-treatment, poults were euthanized and the ceca and cecal tonsils from twenty poults were collected aseptically for SE recovery. In both trials, a significant reduction in the incidence and log10 cfu/g of SE were observed in poults treated with the probiotic when compared with control poults (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the administration of this lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB)-based probiotic 1 h after an SE challenge can be useful in reducing the cecal colonization of this pathogen in neonatal poults.

167 BLACK TEA DOES NOT INTERFERE IN THE NUMBER OF CORPORA LUTEA IN SUPEROVULATED RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
E. S. C. Kikuchi ◽  
C. Castilho ◽  
P. C. Papa ◽  
C. B. Laposy ◽  
R. M. B. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
The University

The black tea originating from the Camellia sinensis plant is considered a healthy drink because it is associated at prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. It has been also stated that its catechins have antioxidative, antibacterial, and antitumoral activity. Despite many potential benefits of black tea consumption, the catechins present in black tea can significantly inhibit proliferation, steroidogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor production by swine granulosa cells. Based on these statements, the aim of this work was to verify the influence of black tea in the ovulation rate and the ovary weight in superovulated rats. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the university. Wistar rats were distributed in two groups: treated group (BT): 30 rats drinking only black tea (2.5%) ad libitum; control group (CG): 30 rats drinking water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 3 months. Ten animals of each group were superovulated monthly with 150 UI kg–1 of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet Schering-Plough) and 150 UI kg–1 of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier) and sacrificed 48 h later. Ovaries were collected and weighted, and the corpora lutea were dissected and counted. The obtained data were submitted to the unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction, and the effect of time was assessed by ANOVA (P < 0.05). It was observed that the animal of both groups responded to the hormonal treatment because superovulation was noticed for the number of corpora lutea in both groups. The mean and standard deviation values for ovary weight (g) and corpora lutea number in both groups were as follows: first month (CG = 0.30 ± 0.10, 61.10 ± 10.94 and BT = 0.30 ± 0.07, 55.00 ± 23.03); second month (CG = 0.19 ± 0.06, 64.90 ± 27.77 and BT = 0.17 ± 0.05, 50.60 ± 19.35); and third month (CG = 0.21 ± 0.05, 62.30 ± 20.17 and BT = 0.19 ± 0.07, 48.6 ± 10.59), respectively. No difference was observed between the groups in the time points. The chronic consumption of black tea for 3 months does not interfere with ovulation aornd weight of the ovaries in superovulated rats. Financial support was provided by FAPESP 2010/20583-2 and 2010/20274-0.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Haemostatic Clot Formation at Anastomosis of Synthetic Venous Graft in Defibrinogenated Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishimaru ◽  
E Berglin ◽  
H-A Hansson ◽  
A-C Teger-Nilsson ◽  
G William-Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Fibrin Network ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryA segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/1 on the first postoperative day.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation.The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Evaluation of anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-induced psoriasis in mouse tail model

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Jada Naga Lakshmi ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
Rama Rao Nadendla
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Objectives: To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. Materials and Methods: Anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. The animals were dividing into 05 groups and each group contain 5 animals. Disease control group did not receive any treatment only exposure to UV-light, vehicle control treated with simple ointment, standard group treated with salicylic acid (1%w/w) ointment, remaining group are treated 1% and 2% selective phytochemical at two concentrations of ointment to topically on the tail skin. And the data were analysed using one way ANOVA followed by two-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). Results: There was significant decrease in epidermal thickness (P < 0.05) as compared with control group. In 2% phytoconstituents has shown a significant reduction in the total epidermal thickness 8.4****±0.748, 7.6**±0.6781 and 8*±0.8366 in geraniol, glycyrrhizic acid and ellagic acid treated group, when compare to the disease induced animal, there was no lesion of Munro’s microabscess, capillary loop dilation along with elongation of rete ridges in the section of skin of rats. Psoriasis Severity Index was reduced in test treated groups as compared with that of disease control group. It was slowly reduced to 2nd week, totally (55-70%) reduction in PSI is observed at the time of third week of treatment period. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the 2% of geraniol, ellagic acid, glycyrrhizicacid and hesperidin, exhibited significant activity on UV-induced psoriasis in rodents. The study implies that selected phytoconstituents are a promising research for further investigations to prove its anti-psoriatic activity.

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