scholarly journals Cropping systems on root rot and soybean seed yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Maier ◽  
Clovis Arruda Souza ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
No Till ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Soybean Roots

ABSTRACT: Root rot (RR), which can occur in different cropping systems, affects soybean seed yield. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of RR in soybean crop systems and its relationship with soybean yield. The study was carried out for two growing seasons in a no-till system consisting of four soybean crop systems: soybean-oat+soybean-oat, soybean-maize+soybean-maize, soybean-wheat+soybean-wheat and soybean-pasture+soybean-pasture. Data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation. Incidence of RR, mainly charcoal rot and sudden death, was more than 50% in soybean roots for all the soybean crop systems and consequently decreased yield by around 22kg ha-1 of seed for every 1% increase in RR. Root rot led to a decline in seed yield from 20 to 102kg ha-1 in the first season and 9 to 32kg ha-1 in the second season, considering all the cropping systems. Soybean + pasture was the lowest productive system, with a negative RR impact of 74.9 and 32.9kg ha-1 in the first and second season, respectively.

Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Planted in a Stale or Undisturbed Seedbed on Clay Soil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Made In

Field studies were conducted for three consecutive years to determine if PRE and/or POST herbicides were needed in addition to preplant foliar-applied glyphosate and POST cultivation for maximum seed yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybean planted in stale and undisturbed seedbeds on clay soil. Soybean seed yields following the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone or in combination were similar in all years, and exceeded seed yield following the use of glyphosate plus POST cultivation only. Plantings made in no-till and fall-till seedbeds produced similar seed yields when both PRE and POST herbicides were used. These results indicate that glyphosate plus cultivation was not adequate for soybean in stale seedbed plantings, and that either PRE or POST herbicides, but not both, were required for maximum seed yield.

Interference of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Robust Foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-albaor var.robusta-purpurea) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and robust foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv. var.robusta-albaSchreiber (RWF) orSetaria viridisvar.robusta-purpureaSchreiber (RPF)] were investigated regarding their ability to interfere with soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71′] at different weed densities and soybean row spacing throughout two growing seasons. Final weed densities for each species tended to reach a common value because of intraspecific interference regardless of the initial density. With cultivation, a narrow soybean row spacing (38 cm) resulted in less weed growth than did a wide row spacing (76 cm) but with no cultivation, the trend was reversed. Soybeans provided less interference to foxtail than to pigweed during both growing seasons. Interference from foxtail adversely affected soybean yield components and soybean seed yield more than did pigweed interference. Water-stress conditions in 1976 increased the intensity of weed interference and reduced soybean seed yield more severely than in 1975 when moisture was adequate throughout the growing season.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean Cultivars Under Intensive Cropping Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon ◽  
Francelino Peteno de Camargo ◽  
Natan Angelo Seraglio ◽  
Alan de Ornelas Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable agricultural systems are necessary to improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed yield and to increase nutrient use efficiency. Intensification of agricultural systems is an important tool to increase farmers’ profitability in the Cerrado region (Brazil), where soybean is rotated with corn in the same growing season. However, this intensification requires soybean cultivar with short growing periods which is achieved by indeterminate soybean cultivars. There is a lack of information regarding the nutrient uptake by soybean cultivars under intensive agricultural systems in the Cerrado. We sought to investigate soybean biomass production and soybean seed yield of determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars. We also aimed to quantify the amounts of nutrients taken up by soybean biomass and seeds. Field research was conducted to evaluate 17 soybean cultivars commonly grown by farmers, and we considered the determinate and indeterminate soybean growth habit. Nutrient uptake and aboveground soybean biomass were higher under shorter soybean growth and development cycles. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium extraction in modern cultivars was higher than in cultivars used in past decades. Nutrient use efficiency was higher in determinate soybean cultivars than in indeterminate soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage and Cultivar on Plant Population, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean in Iowa

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Leonor F. S. Leandro ◽  
Daren S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
No Till ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
The Impact

Conservation tillage has become a common practice of soybean farming in the Midwestern United States owing to the benefits of soil and moisture conservation. Field trials were established in a field with a history of sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme) in Iowa in 2011 and evaluated for five consecutive years to determine the impact of tillage on SDS and yield. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design with four replicates. The main plot factor was tillage (no-till both crops, no-till corn and chisel plow soybean, and disc corn and chisel plow soybean), and each main plot was divided into subplots of corn or soybeans (in a 2-year rotation). Each subplot was again divided into two subsubplots, in which two soybean cultivars, moderately susceptible (MS) and moderately resistant (MR) to SDS, were planted each year. Root rot and SDS disease index (FDX) differed among years, because some years were more favorable for the disease than the others. However, tillage did not affect any parameters, including yield, in any year (P > 0.05). Cultivar effect was significant for each parameter occasionally. When significant, the MR cultivar had lower root rot and FDX and greater yield than the MS cultivar. These data suggest planting resistant cultivars can be an effective management tactic, but tillage does not help for SDS management.

scholarly journals Response of early maturity soybean cultivars to row spacing in full-season crop and double-crop systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Christina Raptopoulou ◽  
Vassilios Aggelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Group I ◽  
Crop System

Cultivar selection and crop systems are important factors for maximising soybean seed yield. The effect of row spacing (RS1 = 75 cm, RS2 = 25 cm) on the performance of 10 early maturity soybean cultivars grown in full-season and double-crop system for two consecutive years was studied. The agronomic traits measured were seed yield (SY), plant height (PH), pods per plant (PP), first pod height (FPH), crude protein. RS had a significant effect on SY, PH, PP and FPH. Higher SY (P < 0.01) was recorded in RS2 regardless of the crop system. The double-crop system yield reduction index of the tested cultivars ranged from 30.0% to 56.4% and from 21.5% to 57.2% for RS1 and RS2, respectively. Cultivars differed (P < 0.01) for all traits in both RS and crop systems. Maturity Group I cultivars showed the highest productivity; the cultivars PR92B63 and Atlantic were better adapted to the full-season crop system (SY > 5.67 t/ha); cv. Sphera was the most productive in the double-crop system (4.66 t/ha); cv. PR92M22 showed good adaptability to both cropping systems. In conclusion, the significant effect of RS and crop system on SY was observed, whereas different high yielding cultivars were identified as suitable for full-season and double-crop system.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

Competitive attributes ofA. sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgareare conserved in no-till cropping systems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
Yuguang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
No Till ◽  
Lower Test

The robustness of competitive attributes of cereals such as rapid and uniform seedling emergence, tillering, early biomass accumulation and canopy closure, and height advantage over weeds have not yet been tested under environmental conditions typical of no-till (NT) cropping systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects or NT practices on growth and productivity ofAvena sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted on a Kamouraska clay at La Pocatière, QC, in 1994, 1995, and 1996.Avena sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgarewere grown under tilled and NT practices. Cereal growth parameters were measured six (1994) or seven (1995) times between planting and the 11th week after planting but only once in 1996. Grain yields and yield components were determined at crop maturity.Avena sativaandH. vulgarepopulations were little affected by tillage, whereasT. aestivumpopulations were reduced by 16 to 20% in NT systems. Growth in height in NT systems was either similar or greater than in tilled systems in all three cereals. Cereal leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation was also comparable between tillage systems, except forT. aestivumLAI in 1994, which was greater in tilled plots on two sampling dates. Response of annual dicots to tillage was inconsistent in all crops. Annual monocots dominated in some but not all NT systems. Perennial dicots dominated in NT systems, whereas perennial monocots were more abundant in tilled systems in all three cereals.Avena sativaandT. aestivumyields in NT plots were comparable or greater than in tilled plots, in spite of having either lower test weights (A. sativa) or lower 1,000-grain weights (T. aestivum). NTT. aestivumproductivity was maintained in spite of reduced plant establishment.Hordeum vulgareyields were also similar across tillage systems, except in 1995, when yields in tilled plots were greater than in NT plots. The height advantage observed for NTH. vulgaredid not result in improved yields. All three cereals, and particularlyA. sativa, appeared well suited to NT systems, despite the pressure provided by different weed groups, compared to tilled systems. However, results suggest that NT production of cereals could benefit from improved attention to perennial dicot control and crop seedling establishment, particularly forT. aestivum.

Influence of Day and Night Temperature on Soybean Seed Yield

Crop Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Gibson ◽  
R. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Night Temperature

scholarly journals Temporal and Local Heterogeneities of Water Table Depth under Different Agricultural Water Management Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2148
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Lafond ◽  
Silvio J. Gumiere ◽  
Virginie Vanlandeghem ◽  
Jacques Gallichand ◽  
Alain N. Rousseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Good Drainage

Integrated water management has become a priority for cropping systems where subirrigation is possible. Compared to conventional sprinkler irrigation, the controlling water table can lead to a substantial increase in yield and water use efficiency with less pumping energy requirements. Knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of water table depth (WTD) and soil properties should help perform intelligent, integrated water management. Observation wells were installed in cranberry fields with different water management systems: Bottom, with good drainage and controlled WTD management; Surface, with good drainage and sprinkler irrigation management; Natural, without drainage, or with imperfectly drained and conventional sprinkler irrigation. During the 2017–2020 growing seasons, WTD was monitored on an hourly basis, while precipitation was measured at each site. Multi-frequential periodogram analysis revealed a dominant periodic component of 40 days each year in WTD fluctuations for the Bottom and Surface systems; for the Natural system, periodicity was heterogeneous and ranged from 2 to 6 weeks. Temporal cross correlations with precipitation show that for almost all the sites, there is a 3 to 9 h lag before WTD rises; one exception is a subirrigation site. These results indicate that automatic water table management based on continuously updated knowledge could contribute to integrated water management systems, by using precipitation-based models to predict WTD.

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