scholarly journals AIDS in adults 50 years of age and over: characteristics, trends and spatial distribution of the risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana de Almeida Nogueira ◽  
Antônia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Laísa Ribeiro de Sá ◽  
Sandra Aparecida de Almeida ◽  
Aline Aparecida Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Risk Of Disease

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics, epidemic trend and spatial distribution of the risk of AIDS in adults 50 years of age and over.METHOD: population-based, ecological study, that used secondary data from the Notifiable Disease Information System (Sinan/AIDS) of Paraíba state from the period January 2000 to December 2010.RESULTS: during the study period, 307 cases of AIDS were reported among people 50 years of age or over. There was a predominance of males (205/66, 8%), mixed race, and low education levels. The municipalities with populations above 100 thousand inhabitants reported 58.5% of the cases. There was a progressive increase in cases among women; an increasing trend in the incidence (positive linear correlation); and an advance in the geographical spread of the disease, with expansion to the coastal region and to the interior of the state, reaching municipalities with populations below 30 thousand inhabitants. In some locations the risk of disease was 100 times greater than the relative risk for the state.CONCLUSION: aging, with the feminization and interiorization of the epidemic in adults 50 years of age and over, confirms the need for the induction of affirmative policies targeted toward this age group.

scholarly journals Relationship between multimorbidity and the outcome of the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Nunes Soares ◽  
Lílian Moura de Lima Spagnolo ◽  
Jéssica Oliveira Tomberg ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola Zanatti ◽  
Roxana Isabel Cardozo-Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Treatment Abandonment ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of multimorbidity on the treatment outcome of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: A population-based analytical study, using secondary data, collected from the database of the Notification Disease Information System, of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2013 and 2016. The relationship between multimorbidity and the outcome was analyzed with Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: Multimorbidity was present in 37.0% of the cases. Of these, the Relative Risk (RR) was 1.7 for treatment abandonment and 2.9 for death. HIV had an RR of 2.1 for dropout and of 3.9 for death. The higher the number of comorbidities, the higher the RR for unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: Multimorbidity influences on unfavorable outcomes of the treatment for tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of agricultural land carrying capacity in Purworejo Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
Sudrajat Sudrajat ◽  
Ananda Trisakti Nugroho ◽  
Elvita Savitri ◽  
Ismi Nuari Puspitaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Distribution Trends

The increasing population in Purworejo Regency has a negative impact on the availability of agricultural land. As a result, available agricultural land is decreasing it’s carrying capacity, in producing food for the population. Based on these problems, the study was carried out to analyze the spatial temporally distribution trends of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in the Purworejo Regency area from 2009–2018. The study used secondary data 2009–20018 and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Spatially the results of the study found that there were variations in the spatial distribution patterns of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in Purworejo Regency from 2009–2018, while judging by the trend, there was a tendency for the carrying capacity of agricultural land in each sub-district, the trend of which increased, decreased and some remained . The results of this study also found that the carrying capacity of agricultural land in each sub-district in Purworejo Regency was between 1-≤2.46. If the trend of decreasing the carrying capacity of agricultural land is allowed to continue, the ability of the sub-district to produce food will decrease, so that the availability of local food will decrease. For this reason, it is natural for the Purworejo Regency Government to adopt a policy to control agricultural land so that the sub-districts that become food storage can be maintained.

Employment Among Older Adults with Combined Hearing and Vision Loss

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Capella McDonnall ◽  
BJ Lejeune
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Continued Employment

This exploratory study provides detailed information about the employment status and experiences of a group of older adults with combined hearing and vision loss. Data were obtained from two sources: primary data collected through a survey and secondary data obtained from a nationally representative sample. Results indicate that many older adults with combined hearing and vision loss do work or want to work, and that accommodations, assistive technology, higher education levels, and changing jobs or type of work are associated with continued employment for this population. Based on the results, suggestions for vocational rehabilitation counselors in working with older adults with combined hearing and vision loss are provided.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status during the first wave in the Northern Netherlands: a general population-based cohort from 49 474 adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e048020
Author(s):  
Yinjie Zhu ◽  
Ming-Jie Duan ◽  
Hermien H. Dijk ◽  
Roel D. Freriks ◽  
Louise H. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Tv Watching

ObjectivesStudies in clinical settings showed a potential relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors with COVID-19, but it is still unknown whether this holds in the general population. In this study, we investigated the associations of SES with self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status in the general population.Design, setting, participants and outcome measuresParticipants were 49 474 men and women (46±12 years) residing in the Northern Netherlands from the Lifelines cohort study. SES indicators and lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking status, physical activity, alcohol intake, diet quality, sleep time and TV watching time) were assessed by questionnaire from the Lifelines Biobank. Self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status was obtained from the Lifelines COVID-19 questionnaire.ResultsThere were 4711 participants who self-reported having had a COVID-19 infection, 2883 participants tested for COVID-19, and 123 positive cases were diagnosed in this study population. After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index and ethnicity, we found that participants with low education or low income were less likely to self-report a COVID-19 infection (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.78 [0.71 to 0.86]; low income 0.86 [0.79 to 0.93]) and be tested for COVID-19 (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.58 [0.52 to 0.66]; low income 0.86 [0.78 to 0.95]) compared with high education or high income groups, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the low SES group was the most vulnerable population to self-reported and tested COVID-19 status in the general population.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Factors of Hypertension in Spain: A Comparative Study between Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo ◽  
María Teresa Martínez-Larrad ◽  
Náyade del Prado-González ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Rafael Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Living Area

The prevalence and related factors of hypertensive subjects according to the resident area (rural versus urban) were investigated in two population-based studies from Spain. Medical questionnaires were administered and anthropometrics were measured, using standardized protocols. Hypertension was diagnosed in pharmacology treated subjects or those with blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Regarding BP control, it was defined as under control if BP was <140/90 or <140/85 mm Hg in type 2 diabetic subjects. Information on educational status, social class, smoking habit, and alcohol intake was obtained. 3,816 subjects (54.38 % women) were included. Prevalence of diagnosed hypertension was higher in women and showed no differences according to the living area (men: urban 21.88 versus rural 21.92 %, p = 0.986; women: urban 28.73 versus rural 30.01 %, p = 0.540). Women living in rural areas and men with secondary or tertiary education levels had a lower probability of being BP uncontrolled (OR (95 % CI): 0.501 (0.258–0.970)/p=0.040, 0.245 (0.092–0.654)/p=0.005, and 0.156 (0.044–0.549)/p=0.004, respectively). Urban young men (31-45 years) and medium aged women (46-60 years) were less BP controlled than their rural counterparts (41.30 versus 65.79 %/p=0.025 and 35.24 versus 53.27 %/p=0.002, respectively).

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of São Luís, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Santos-Neto ◽  
Mellina Yamamura ◽  
Maria Concebida da Cunha Garcia ◽  
Marcela Paschoal Popolin ◽  
Tatiane Ramos dos Santos Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

OBJECTIVE: To characterize deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, according to sociodemographic and operational variables, in the city of São Luís, Brazil, and to describe their spatial distribution. METHODS: This was an exploratory ecological study based on secondary data from death certificates, obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database, related to deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. We included all deaths attributed to pulmonary tuberculosis that occurred in the urban area of São Luís between 2008 and 2012. We performed univariate and bivariate analyses of the sociodemographic and operational variables of the deaths investigated, as well as evaluating the spatial distribution of the events by kernel density estimation. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 193 deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in São Luís. The median age of the affected individuals was 52 years. Of the 193 individuals who died, 142 (73.60%) were male, 133 (68.91%) were Mulatto, 102 (53.13%) were single, and 64 (33.16%) had completed middle school. There was a significant positive association between not having received medical care prior to death and an autopsy having been performed (p = 0.001). A thematic map by density of points showed that the spatial distribution of those deaths was heterogeneous and that the density was as high as 8.12 deaths/km2. CONCLUSIONS: The sociodemographic and operational characteristics of the deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis evaluated in this study, as well as the identification of priority areas for control and surveillance of the disease, could promote public health policies aimed at reducing health inequities, allowing the optimization of resources, as well as informing decisions regarding the selection of strategies and specific interventions targeting the most vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Validation of a Case Definition for Pediatric Brain Injury Using Administrative Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McChesney-Corbeil ◽  
Karen Barlow ◽  
Hude Quan ◽  
Guanmin Chen ◽  
Samuel Wiebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Pediatric Tbi

AbstractBackground: Health administrative data are a common population-based data source for traumatic brain injury (TBI) surveillance and research; however, before using these data for surveillance, it is important to develop a validated case definition. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal International Classification of Disease , edition 10 (ICD-10), case definition to ascertain children with TBI in emergency room (ER) or hospital administrative data. We tested multiple case definitions. Methods: Children who visited the ER were identified from the Regional Emergency Department Information System at Alberta Children’s Hospital. Secondary data were collected for children with trauma, musculoskeletal, or central nervous system complaints who visited the ER between October 5, 2005, and June 6, 2007. TBI status was determined based on chart review. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each case definition. Results: Of 6639 patients, 1343 had a TBI. The best case definition was, “1 hospital or 1 ER encounter coded with an ICD-10 code for TBI in 1 year” (sensitivity 69.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.3-72.2], specificity 96.7% [95% CI, 96.2-97.2], PPV 84.2% [95% CI 82.0-86.3], NPV 92.7% [95% CI, 92.0-93.3]). The nonspecific code S09.9 identified >80% of TBI cases in our study. Conclusions: The optimal ICD-10–based case definition for pediatric TBI in this study is valid and should be considered for future pediatric TBI surveillance studies. However, external validation is recommended before use in other jurisdictions, particularly because it is plausible that a larger proportion of patients in our cohort had milder injuries.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis cases in the rural areas of Pernambuco, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Santos Barbosa ◽  
Karina Conceição Araújo ◽  
Onicio Batista Leal Neto ◽  
Constança Simões Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Kernel Estimator ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections and schistosomiasis remain high in the rural areas of Zona da Mata, Pernambuco (ZMP), Brazil, where these parasites still represent a significant public health problem. The present study aimed to spatially assess the occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP. METHODS: The ZMP has a population of 1,132,544 inhabitants, formed by 43 municipalities. An ecological study was conducted, using secondary data relating to positive human cases and parasite loads of schistosomiasis and positive human cases of geohelminthiasis that were worked up in Excel 2007. We used the coordinates of the municipal headquarters to represent the cities which served as the unit of analysis of this study. The Kernel estimator was used to spatially analyze the data and identify distribution patterns and case densities, with analysis done in ArcGIS software. RESULTS: Spatial analysis from the Kernel intensity estimator made it possible to construct density maps showing that the northern ZMP was the region with the greatest number of children infected with parasites and the populations most intensely infected by Schistosoma mansoni. In relation to geohelminths, there was higher spatial distribution of cases of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in the southern ZMP, and greater occurrence of hookworms in the northern/central ZMP. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several surveys and studies showing occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP, no preventive measures that are known to have been effective in decreasing these health hazards have yet been implemented in the endemic area.

scholarly journals Blood Neutrophil Counts are Associated with Exacerbation Frequency and Mortality in COPD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lonergan ◽  
Alison J Dicker ◽  
Megan L Crichton ◽  
Holly R Keir ◽  
Melissa K. Van Dyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

Abstract Background Identifying patients with COPD at increased risk of poor outcomes is challenging due to disease heterogeneity. Potential biomarkers need to be readily available in real-life clinical practice. Blood eosinophil counts are widely studied but few studies have examined the prognostic value of blood neutrophil counts (BNC). Methods In a large population-based COPD registry in the East of Scotland (TARDIS: Tayside Allergic and Respiratory Disease Information System), BNC were compared to measures of disease severity and mortality over up to 15 years follow-up. Potential mechanisms of disease modification by BNC were explored in a nested microbiome substudy. Results 178120 neutrophil counts were obtained from 7220 people (mean follow up 9 years) during stable disease periods. Median BNC was 5200cells/µL (IQR 4000-7000cells/µL). Mortality rates among those 34% with elevated BNCs (defined as 6000-15000cells/µL) at the study start were 80% higher (14.0/100 person years v 7.8/100py, P<0.001) than those with BNC in the normal range (2000-6000cells/µL). People with elevated BNC were more likely to be classified as GOLD D (46% v 33% P<0.001), have more exacerbations (mean 2.3 v 1.3/year, P<0.001), and were more likely to have severe exacerbations (13% vs. 5%, P<0.001) in the following year. Eosinophil counts were much less predictive of these outcomes. In a sub-cohort (N=276), patients with elevated BNC had increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and reduced microbiome diversity. Conclusion High BNC may provide a useful indicator of risk of exacerbations and mortality in COPD patients.

scholarly journals Keterkaitan Efisiensi Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) dengan Topografi Wilayah di Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Farida Farida ◽  
Nur Wahyuni ◽  
Ida Zulfida
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Exogenous factors such as topography of the region are often overlooked in determining the pattern of economic activity. In fact, the geographical surface contributes to the spatial distribution of varied economic activities. The purpose of this study was to see the linkage between the efficiency of the disbursement of People’s Business Credit (KUR) program and the topography of the region in Pati Regency-Central Java. The research method is descriptive qualitative by overlaying the efficiency level of 35 KUR channeling banks with polygon maps of each subdistrict in Pati regency. Data on the efficiency level of unit banks are secondary data of each bank unit which has been calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) application. Is it dicovered that unit banks are very inefficient at topographies bordered with arid limestone mountains or along rivers that often overflows. As a result, economic activity is not optimal and the disbursement of KUR is not efficient at the area. On the contrary, at topographies in the lowlands, the trade, agriculture, and fisheries sectors are advanced, population is large,  economic activities are fast, thus encourage efficient credit disbursement.

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