scholarly journals CRUDE PROTEIN IN DIETS OF EUROPEAN QUAILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida Dumont ◽  
Sandra Regina Freitas Pinheiro ◽  
Jéssica Amaral Miranda ◽  
Fernanda Maria Pimentel Pinto ◽  
Patrícia Coelho Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate crude protein (CP) levels for European quails from one to 14, 14 to 28 and 28 to 42 days old. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments and five replications. No significant effects of CP levels on weight gain and feed conversion from 1 to 14 days were observed, however quails fed 26% CP diets had lower feed intake. The CP levels from 14 to 28 days had significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Maximum weight gain and minimum feed conversion were estimated for quails fed 24% CP. The CP levels had a significant effect on the traits studied in the final phase, highest weight gain and lowest feed conversion were estimated for quails fed 23% CP. No significant effects of CP levels on hot and cold carcass weights, breast weight, and thigh and drumstick weight were observed. The crude protein requirements for European quails from 1 to 14, 14 to 28 days and 28 to 42 days old are 26, 24 and 23%, respectively, if the requirements of the first limiting amino acids are met.

scholarly journals Crude protein requirements in feeding for hybrid jundiara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e978986866
Author(s):  
Rafael Pereira Barros ◽  
Joaldo Rocha Luz ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Ramos ◽  
Deise Silva Costa ◽  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the crude protein requirements for juvenile jundiara fish, a hybrid of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum X Leiarius marmoratus. A total of 240 juveniles of the hybrid, with an initial mean weight of 8.4 ± 1.41 g, were distributed in 15 fiberglass tanks (170 L) in a closed water recirculation and constant aeration system, with a density of 16 fish/tank. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of diets with 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40% crude protein. Seventy days into the experiment the final fish weight and feed intake were measured. Two specimens from each experimental unit were collected for evaluation of carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency and blood parameters. The increase in crude protein content promoted the significant, increasing linear effect for mean weight gain, mean feed intake and specific growth rate, and decreasing effect for feed conversion. Significant differences were also observed in carcass chemical composition, nutritional efficiency, total plasma protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipase enzymatic activity. Thus, the increase in crude protein levels of up to 40% in jundiara diets promotes improvement in the productive performance of juvenile jundiara.

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

Effects of induced, subclinical phosphorus deficiency on feed intake and growth of beef heifers

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. W. Gartner ◽  
G. M. Murphy ◽  
W. A. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Low Phosphorus

SUMMARYHereford heifers were fed a diet (7·0 MJ ME/kg D.M.) containing 0·09 % phosphorus but complete with regard to other nutrient constituents. Only after 19 weeks wore the effects of subclinical aphosphorosis evident in the form of reduction in feed intake, cessation of weight gain, increased feed conversion and decreases in tho concentration of inorganic phosphorus in blood and saliva. Heifers supplemented daily with 12 g phosphorus sustained a weight gain of about 0–2 kg/day over 62 weeks as did other supplemented heifers whose feed intake was restricted to that of tho low phosphorus treatment. The effects of phosphorus supplementation were thus demonstrated without being confounded by concomitant increases in feed intake.Phosphorus supplementation resulted in significantly lowered apparent crude protein digestibility and a slight increaso in cell wall digestibility.

The crude protein requirement of the early-weaned calf given urea, meat meal or soya bean meal with and without sulphur supplementation

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
H. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted with 84 male British Friesian calves to estimate their nitrogen and sulphur requirements between 5 and 11 weeks of age. A basal 12 % crude protein (CP) diet was supplemented with meat meal, soya bean meal or urea to 15 or 18 % CP, and with sulphur to reduce the nitrogen to sulphur ratios of the diets to about 10 to 1.The weight gains and feed conversion ratios of the calves given the 12% CP diets were significantly poorer than those of the calves fed on the diets containing 15 or 18% CP, irrespective of the CP supplement used. The supplementation of the urea-containing diets with sulphur caused a significant increase in feed intake and weight gain.The digestibility of nitrogen and dry matter increased with increasing CP content of the diets and was greater for the diets supplemented with urea than for those supplemented with meat meal or soya bean meal. Sulphur additions also increased the nitrogen digestibility. The retention of nitrogen, when corrected for feed intake, was greater in the calves fed on the diets containing 18% CP than in those fed on the 15% and 12% CP diets.The supplementation of the diets with sulphur increased the digestibility of sulphur, its excretion in urine and its retention. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma increased with increasing dietary CP content, and was higher in calves given urea.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase in finishing broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47546
Author(s):  
Solange de Faria Castro ◽  
Antonio Gilberto Bertechini ◽  
Eduardo Machado Costa Lima ◽  
Alisson Hélio Sampaio Clemente ◽  
Verônica Gabriela Gonçalves Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-amylase supplementation on performance and carcass and cuts yield in broilers during finishing phase (21 to 42 days). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and eight replications was used: Positive Control (PC): no enzyme; Negative control (NC): without enzyme formulated with 6.34% less energy (- 6.34% ME); NC1: with 250 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC2: with 500 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC3: with 750 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC4: with 1000 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase. Significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were reported with the inclusion of alpha-amylase. The NC treatment with inclusion of amylase provided improvement values of weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake, but do not was similarly in comparison to those obtained in broilers fed a diet that completely met the requirements during this phase. There was no dietary influence on carcass parameters. The use of alpha-amylase was effective in improving performance in broilers fed a diet of 200 kcal kg-1 of reduced metabolizable energy.

scholarly journals Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of cockerels fed processed sickle pod (Senna obtusifolia) seed meal based-diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Augustine ◽  
I. D. Kwari ◽  
J. U. Igwebuikwe ◽  
S. B. Adamu ◽  
C. I. Medugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia

 A Feeding trial was conducted for sixteen weeks to evaluate nutrient utilization and growth performanceofcockerelsfedprocessedSennaobtusifoliamealbased-diets.Sixexperimental diets werecompounded tocontain 0%and20%eachoftheraw,boiled, soaked, sproutedand fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Data were collected on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. Poor nutrient digestibility for crude protein (45.18%), nitrogen free extract (42.39%) and ether extract (49.22%) were recorded in the group of cockerels fed raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet. However, better nutrient digestibility for crude protein (76.23%), nitrogen free extract (67.62%) and ether extract (68.65%) digestibility was observed in the group of cockerel fed 0% Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet. Among the cockerels fed the processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diets, those fed the fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet showed better crude protein (75.08%), ether extract (68.65%) nitrogen free exract (67.62%) and crude fibre (32.78%) digestibility. The result of productive performance revealed a significantly (P<0.05) low total feed intake (3242.13 g), total weight gain (806.50 g) and the poorest feed conversion ratio(4.02) in the group of cockerels fed raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet. The group of cockerels fed the processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diets indicated significant (P<0.05) improvement in productive performance with those fed the fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal based-diet recording the highest total feed intake (3552.51 g), total weight gain (1079.79 g) and the best feed conversion ratio (3.29). It can be concluded that 20% of fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal can be incorporated in the diets of cockerels without depreciationinnutrientdigestibilityandproductiveperformance.

scholarly journals Performance and Carcass Analysis of Growing Snails Fed Calopogonium mucunoides (Calopo) And Pueraria phaseoloides (Kudzupuero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
A. J. Omole
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of feeding growing snails with two different leguminous plants, Calopogonium muculoides, Pueraria phaseoloides, using pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf as control. A total of 72 growing snails (Archachatina marginata) of mean weight 74.73/3.5g were used for the feeding trial. The snails were randomly alloted into 3 different groups and each group was replicated 4 times with 6 snails per replicate in a completely randomized design. Snails in T1 were fed pawpaw leaf (control), while snails in T2 were fed Calopogolium muculoides. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain, shell length and width and feed conversion ratio. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. The results on growth performances reveal that the highest feed intake was recorded in snails fed pawpaw leaf (PL) which was similar to the those fed Pueraria phaseoloids (PP), while the lowest feed intake was recorded in snail fed with Calopognium muculoids (CM). The highest weight gain was also recorded in snails fed with pawpaw leaf and Peuraria phaseoloids (PP) than those fed Calopognium muculoides (CM). In conclusion, Pueraria phaseoloids could be used as substitute for pawpaw leaf.

scholarly journals Requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens at 1 to 42 days of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Goulart ◽  
F.G.P. Costa ◽  
J.H.V. Silva ◽  
J.G. Souza ◽  
V.P. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Quadratic Response

The objective of this work was to estimate requirements of digestible methionine + cystine for broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. It was carried out four experiments for each one of the following phases: pre-initial, initial, growing and final. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments and six replicates. Treatments consisted of a basal feed for each phase, deficient in digestible methionine + cystine and supplemented with DL-methionine to supply six levels of digestible methionine + cystine, resulting in different digestible methionine + cystine:digestible lysine ratios. In the pre-initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine did not influence feed intake and feed conversion. However, weight gain responded in a quadratic way. In the initial phase, levels of digestible methionine + cystine had decreasing linear effect on feed intake whereas weight gain and feed conversion were influenced in a quadratic manner. In the growth and final phases, feed intake was not influenced by levels of digestible methionine + cystine, but weight gain and feed conversion presented quadratic response. The levels of 0.873; 0.755; 0.748 and 0.661% of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet or the daily intake of 183; 575; 1,104 and 1,212 mg of digestible methionine + cystine are recommended for the pre-initial, initial, growth and final phases, respectively, which corresponds to the ratios of 71; 70; 76 and 72% of digestible methionine + cystine to digestible lysine.

Effects of protein content on feed intake and performance of grasscutters fed diets containing forage meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
J. K. Nyameasem ◽  
M. Akoloh ◽  
E. K. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

The potential of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) as a source of animal protein can be exploited with better understanding of its nutrient requirement. This experiment was conducted to determine the protein requirement of growing grasscutters fed formulated diets containing forage meal. Twenty-four growing grasscutters, in groups of four, were randomly allotted to four treatment diets formulated to respectively supply 14, 16, 18 and 20% crude protein (CP). Parameters measured included daily feed intake, daily weight gain (growth rate), final bodyweight, feed conversion ratio and cost-to-gain ratio. Dietary protein significantly (P &lt; 0.05) influenced daily weight gain, as well as the final liveweights of the animals. The mean daily weight gain of the animals fed the 18% CP diet was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different from those fed the 20% CP diet (12.8 vs 11.7 g/day), but was significantly higher than animals fed the 16% (6.4 g/day) and 14% (7.0 g/day) CP diets. The mean feed conversion ratios of the animals fed the diets with 18% CP (4.1) was, however, only significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different from animals fed diets with 16% (7.2) and 14% (6.3) CP. Given the overall economic importance of low cost-to-gain ratio, and the profitability of the diets thereof, these results suggest that 18% is the optimum CP level for economically feeding growing grasscutters on formulated diets containing forage meal.

Use of okara (aqueous extract residue) in the diet of starter broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diaz-Vargas ◽  
A.E. Murakami ◽  
I.C. Ospina-Rojas ◽  
L.H. Zanetti ◽  
M.M. Puzotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Inclusion Level

Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition of okara and to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of okara. In experiment 1, a total of 72 21-d-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments and four replicates of six birds each. The energy in okara was 2972 kcal of AME kg−1, with an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) coefficient of 60.72 (% dry matter). In experiment 2, a total of 840 male Cobb male chicks were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% okara inclusion) and six replicates of 28 birds each. The inclusion of increasing levels of okara from 1 to 21 d of age linearly reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, without affecting (P > 0.05) feed conversion, carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yields at 42 d of age. Economic analysis indicated that a 10.0% inclusion level of okara in broiler diets during the starter phase produced the best economic results.

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