Evaluation of soybean breeding lineages to new sources of root-knot nematode resistance

ABSTRACT In Brazil, as the soybean crop expands the losses caused by nematodes as well as its incidence in producing areas have increased. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a non-genetically modified soybean which combines desirable traits as the root-knot nematode resistance, early-maturity, high seed yielding, and high oil and protein contents. Consequently, seeds (F2) derived from the double-crossing between (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) were bulked to grow the F3 generation. Following generations were advanced by the SSD method of breeding until F6. Thus, plants showing superior characteristics were planted separately to perform progeny tests and then advanced breeding lines were thoroughly tested and compared to standards in representative environments across several locations in the Midwestern region in Brazil. As a result, we developed an early-soybean with cycle-length of 107 days; usually cycles range from 90 to 160 days. It presents desirable traits as high yield (3677 kg ha-1), Brazilian national average ranged between 2.5 and 3 thousand kg ha-1; broad adaptability, with 19% of oil, and 38.4% of protein on the seeds. Oil and protein standard contents are 20% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is root-knot nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) resistance, not differing statistically (RF = 1.70) from the expected value given by Crotalaria spectabilis (RF = 1.14). Accordingly, we recommend this new cultivar to producers that intend to grow a second crop of either corn or cotton in the summer, or for crop producing areas with high incidence of P. brachyurus.

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Yield of Peanut Genotypes Resistant to Root-Knot Nematodes1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-2-12 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. L. Starr ◽

C. E. Simpson ◽

T. A. Lee

Keyword(s):

Nematode Resistance ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Pod Yield ◽

The Third ◽

Field Plots ◽

High Yield Potential

Abstract Yields of six runner-, two spanish-, and one virginia-type breeding lines of peanut with resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, were compared to yields of susceptible cultivars in nematode-infested and noninfested field plots in 1996. Pod yields of resistant runner-, virginia-, and one of the spanish-type breeding lines were 1.5 to 4 times greater (P = 0.05) than pod yields of the susceptible cultivars Florunner, NC-7, and Tamspan 90 in two nematode-infested fields. Final nematode population densities on most resistant breeding lines were lower (P = 0.05) than those on the susceptible cultivars. In the noninfested field, all but one runner- and the two spanish-type resistant breeding lines had pod yields that were not different from that of the susceptible cultivars. Yields of the resistant breeding lines ranged from 3890 to 5152 kg/ha in the noninfested field. In 1997, yields of three of the runner-type breeding lines were compared to the yields of Florunner and Tamrun 96 in three fields not infested with M. arenaria. In one field, no differences were observed in pod yield among the breeding lines and cultivars; in the second field the yield of two of the breeding lines were not different from the susceptible cultivars; and in the third field, only TP259-3-5 had pod yield equivalent to that of the susceptible cultivars. These data indicate that resistant runner-type genotypes with high yield potential have been developed, but additional breeding efforts are needed to develop nematode resistance in high yielding spanish- and virginia-type peanuts.

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Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Capsicum chinense: Development of Resistant Habanero-type Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.766b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 766B-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard L. Fery* ◽

Judy A. Thies

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

The United States ◽

High Yield ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Resistance Gene ◽

Race 1 ◽

Southern Root Knot Nematode

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are major pests of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the United States, and parasitism of susceptible plants can result in severe yield losses. Although cultivars belonging to the species C. annuum account for most of the peppers grown in the United States. Habanero-type cultivars belonging to the species C. chinense are becoming increasingly popular. Unfortunately, all commercial Habanero-type cultivars are susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In 1997, the USDA released three C. chinense germplasm lines that exhibit high levels of resistance to root-knot nematodes. The resistance in these lines is conditioned by a single dominant gene, and this gene conditions resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita), the peanut root-knot nematode (M. arenaria race 1), and the tropical root-knot nematode (M. javanica). A recurrent backcross breeding procedure has been used to transfer the C. chinense root-knot nematode resistance gene in Habanero-type germplasm. Several root-knot nematode resistant, Habanero-type candidate cultivars have been developed. Each of these Habanero-type candidate cultivars has a compact plant habit and produces a high yield of orange-colored, lantern-shaped fruit.

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Field Test Results Versus Marker Assisted Selection for Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Peanut

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps14-1.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

W. D. Branch ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

G. Hookstra

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Marker Assisted Selection ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Tests ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Resistant Gene ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Race 1

ABSTRACT A common set of 12 advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) breeding lines that were derived from ‘COAN’ cross combinations were compared with three check cultivars for root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] resistance. These 15 genotypes were grown in RKN populated field tests using a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years (2011 and 2012). Two molecular markers (SCAR 197/909 and SSR-GM565) used for marker assisted selection (MAS) did not agree with low gall ratings and high pod yield for four out of the 15 genotypes (26.7%). The results were the same each year with the same four field RKN-resistant genotypes being incorrectly identified as susceptible (false negatives) by both markers. Reciprocal cross combinations involving field resistant parents showed one-gene difference between MAS resistant × MAS susceptible in F1 and F2 populations. The lack of accuracy differentiating resistant RKN breeding lines when using these two markers was attributed to either recombination between the resistant gene RMA and these two markers, or the possible identification of a second unlinked nematode resistant gene. Regardless, more tightly-linked molecular markers are needed for RKN-resistance in future MAS breeding programs.

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Resistance in Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Three Root-Knot Nematode Species

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-4-0631 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 631-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. B. Dong ◽

C. C. Holbrook ◽

P. Timper ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

Y. Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durable Resistance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Race 1 ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Peanut Cultivars

Three major species of root-knot nematode infect peanut: Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, M. hapla, and M. javanica race 3. Sources of resistance to all three nematodes are needed for developing novel peanut cultivars with broad resistance to Meloidogyne spp. Cultivars and breeding lines of peanut were evaluated for resistance to M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. javanica in the greenhouse and in the laboratory. Twenty-six genotypes with some resistance to M. arenaria, M. javanica, or M. hapla were identified from 60 accessions based on average eggs per gram of root and gall index relative to a susceptible control. Among these, 14 genotypes were moderately to highly resistant to all three species, 5 genotypes were resistant to M. arenaria and M. javanica, 2 genotypes were resistant to M. javanica and M. hapla, 1 genotype was resistant M. arenaria alone, and 4 genotypes were resistant to M. hapla alone. Reproduction of M. arenaria on lines NR 0817, C724-19-11, and D108 was highly variable, indicating that these genotypes likely were heterogeneous for resistance. COAN, NemaTAM, C724-25-8, and the M. arenaria-resistant plants of C724-19-11 contained the dominant sequence-characterized amplified region marker (197/909) for nematode resistance. Results with the molecular markers indicate that the high resistance to M. arenaria in GP-NC WS 6 may be different from the resistance in COAN, NemaTAM, and C724-25-8. Resistance to M. arenaria was correlated with resistance to M. javanica in peanut, whereas resistance to M. hapla was not correlated with the resistance to either M. arenaria or M. javanica. The resistant selections should be valuable sources for pyramiding resistance genes to develop new cultivars with broad and durable resistance to Meloidogyne spp.

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The U.S. Breeding Program to Develop Peanut with Drought Tolerance and Reduced Aflatoxin Contamination

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/at07-009.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 50-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

C. Corley Holbrook ◽

B. Z. Guo ◽

D. M. Wilson ◽

P. Timper

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Field Testing ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

High Yield ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Multiple Environments ◽

The U.S

Abstract Aflatoxin contamination costs the U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) industry over $20 million annually. The development of peanut cultivars with resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) would reduce these costs. Screening techniques have been developed that can measure genetic differences in aflatoxin contamination and they have been used to identify accessions that exhibited relatively low PAC in multiple environments. Significant reductions in PAC have been identified in peanut genotypes with drought tolerance. These sources of resistance to PAC have been crossed with cultivars and breeding lines that have high yield, acceptable grade, and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Due to the large environmental variation in PAC, breeding populations can only be evaluated in late generations when there is less heterozygosity and adequate numbers of seed are available for field testing using multiple replications. Evaluation of numerous breeding populations has identified several families and individual breeding lines with relatively low PAC, relatively high yield, and acceptable levels of resistance to TSWV. To increase breeding efficiency, studies on mechanisms of resistance to PAC are being conducted. The most promising mechanisms identified thus far are resistance to drought and resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode. Late generation breeding lines have been developed with resistance to drought, several of which also exhibited reduced aflatoxin contamination in multiple environments. Tifguard, the first cultivar with high levels of resistance to both TSWV and the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] was released from this program. Testing is ongoing to determine if this cultivar can be used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in nematode infested fields.

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Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumber and Horned Cucumber

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. Alan Walters ◽

Todd C. Wehner ◽

Kenneth R. Barkel

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Race 2 ◽

Moderately Resistant

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and horned cucumber (C. metuliferus Naud.) germplasm were evaluated for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). All 24 C. metuliferus cultigens evaluated were resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2, and M. hapla Chitwood. All 884 C. sativus cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) tested were resistant to M. hapla and few to M. incognita race 3. Only 50 of 884 C. sativus cultigens evaluated were somewhat resistant to M. arenaria race 2 and M. incognita race 3. A retest of the most resistant C. sativus cultigens revealed that LJ 90430 [an accession of C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and `Mincu' were the only cultigens that were moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 2. LJ 90430 was the only cultigen, besides the two retested C. metuliferus cultigens, that was resistant to M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. All C. sativus cultigens retested, including LJ 90430, were highly susceptible to M. incognita races 1 and 3. The two C. metuliferus cultigens retested were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. arenaria race 2, M. incognita races 1 and 3, and M. javanica.

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EVALUATION OF THE COMMON HOP VARIETY SAMPLES ACCORDING TO THE PHENOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/2/40-42 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 40-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

А. А. Fadeev ◽

Z. А. Nikonova

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Morphological Features ◽

High Yield ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Humulus Lupulus L ◽

The Common ◽

Regions Of Russia ◽

Vegetative Season

The results of study of the 12 year cycle of studies on the only in Russia collection of hops ordinary (Humulus lupulus L.), which contains 250 samples from different regions of Russia and 17 foreign countries. The number of process varieties, composition and origin, it is unique and corresponds to world level. A collection of accessions of hops is a population of female plants with a set of phenological, morphological and economic importance of signs. In the article, the estimation of the collectible varieties of hops at different ripeness groups according to phenological and morphological characteristics according to the method of test for distinctness, uniformity and stability. As the result of the research the Common Hop (Humuluslupulus) sorts were classified in accordance with their maturity time as early maturity (less than 100 days) – 10%, middle-early (101…110 days) – 14, middle duration (111…120 days) – 40, middle-late (121…130 days) – 10% and slow-maturing (more than 130 days) – 26%. Each group has a phenotypic and morphologies features. The early maturity, middle-early and middle duration varieties with vegetative season approximately 120 days are more adaptive to the conditions of the Chuvashia and central part of the Russia and provide obtaining high yield of the hop cones.

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Morphological Characterization, Variability and Diversity among Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 671

Author(s):

Nagaraju Shilpashree ◽

Sarojinikunjamma Nirmala Devi ◽

Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda ◽

Anjanappa Muddappa ◽

Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

High Yield ◽

Vegetable Soybean ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Commercial Cultivation ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

High Heritability

Vegetable soybean production is dependent on the development of vegetable type varieties that would be achieved by the use of germplasm to evolve new agronomically superior yielding vegetable type with beneficial biochemical traits. This can be accomplished by a better understanding of genetics, which is why the research was conducted to reveal the quantitative genetics of vegetable soybean genotypes. Genetic variability of main morphological traits in vegetable soybean genotypes and their divergence was estimated, as a result of the magnitude of genotypic variation (GV), and phenotypic variation (PV) of traits varied among the genotypes. All traits showed high heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance percentage mean (GAM). Therefore, these variable traits are potential for genetic improvement of vegetable type soybean. Genetic diversity is the prime need for breeding, and the magnitude of genetic diversity values were maximized among specific genotypes. Eight clusters were found for all genotypes; cluster VIII and cluster I were considered to have the most diversity. Cluster VIII consisted of two genotypes (GM-6 and GM-27), based on the mean outcomes of the high yield attributing traits. Hence, these two (GM-6, GM-27) genotypes can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other genotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Hongyuan Zhang ◽

Jie Tan ◽

Shuping Huang ◽

Xia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Solanum Torvum ◽

Plant Nematode

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries. Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, is employed worldwide as rootstock for eggplant cultivation due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases such as RKNs. In this study, to identify the RKN defense mechanisms, the transcriptomic profiles of eggplant and Solanum torvum were compared. A total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the response to RKN infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the processes of response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Many phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, and NAC) were differentially expressed at the four time points (ck, 7, 14, and 28 days post-infection). The abscisic acid signaling pathway might be involved in plant-nematode interactions. qRT-PCR validated the expression levels of some of the DEGs in eggplant. These findings demonstrate the nematode-induced expression profiles and provide some insights into the nematode resistance mechanism in eggplant.

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KEMAJUAN GENETDX PADA DUA VARIETAS BARU KAPAS, KANESIA 8 DAN KANESIA

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.66-73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

. HASNAM ◽

EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽

SIWI SUMARTINI ◽

FITRINTNGDYAH TRI KADARWATI ◽

PRIMA D. RIAJAYA

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Fiber Strength ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

High Yield ◽

Good Tolerance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

South Sulawesi

Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari ABSTRACT Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.

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