scholarly journals Digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus) fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Rafael Silva Marchão ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Dayana da Conceição da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Dilution

ABSTRACT Cross breeding of native fish species is a technique to produce hybrids that can express higher weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the parental species. The digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga fingerlings (Colossoma macropomum ♀ x Piaractus brachypomus ♂) was determined in this study. For this, 700 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 2.39 ±0.02 g and average final weight of 35.96 ±2.03 g were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments (0.600, 0.800, 1.000, 1.200, 1.400, and 1.600% digestible threonine) and five replicates per treatment, with 20 fish per experimental unit. Diets were formulated by the “diet dilution” technique using the ideal protein concept. Performance, feed efficiency, body depositions of protein, ash and fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine levels that optimized weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were 1.40, 1.27 and 1.10%, respectively. Body deposition of fat was reduced in a quadratic manner (p<0.01), and the body depositions of protein and ash, together with the efficiency of nitrogen retention, were optimized by the digestible threonine level of 1.20; 1.33, and 0.82%, respectively. The recommended digestible threonine level in the diet for tambatinga fingerlings is 1.20 to 1.40% (0.40 and 0.47% Mcal DE-1) to obtain higher body deposition of protein and weight gain, respectively.

scholarly journals Threonine to lysine ratio in diets of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Danielli Dos Santos Firmo ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios in diets of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Five-hundred fish with a mean ± SE initial weight of 2.16 ± 0.03 g were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments, five replicates per treatment, and 25 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four isoenergetic, isophosphoric, isocalcic, and isolisinic (1.45%) diets, consisting of a basal diet supplemented with four L-threonine levels (1.013, 1.085, 1.158, and 1.230%), resulting in different threonine to lysine ratios (70, 75, 80, and 85%). Fish were maintained in twenty 500-L aquaria with independent water supply, drainage, and aeration systems, and were fed to apparent satiation six times a day for 45 days. Performance, feed efficiency, daily protein and fat deposition, body moisture content, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine intake increased linearly, and the efficiency of threonine for weight gain decreased quadratically, with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed:gain ratio, protein efficiency for weight gain, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish increased in a quadratic manner with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios up to the levels of 75.96, 76.06, 76.36, 76.47, and 74.02%, respectively. It was concluded that the digestible threonine to lysine ratio for use in diets of juvenile tambaqui to achieve optimal performance and nitrogen retention efficiency is 76 and 74%, respectively, which corresponds to a digestible threonine level of 1.102 and 1.073%.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Feses Sapi sebagai Pembuatan Pakan Pelet terhadap Pertambahan Berat Badan Ikan Lele Dumbo

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 746-757
Author(s):  
Zulhelmi Zulhelmi ◽  
M. Aman Yaman ◽  
Cut Aida Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cattle Feces ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pellet Feed

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah asal feses sapi sebagai bahan pembuatan pakan pelet guna memacu pertumbuhan ikan Lele Dumbo.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Station Riset II (dua) Ie Suum, UPT. University Farm, Aceh Besar,  tanggal 22 Mei‒14 Agustus 2016. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan, masing-masing terdiri dari 50 ekor ikan Lele Dumbo. Perlakuan menggunakan pakan komersil ikan 781 Hiprovite yang disubtitusikan dengan pakan pelet organik. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat badan, pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, kelangsungan hidup, dan kualitas air (pH, suhu, kelembaban, cahaya). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pakan limbah asal feses sapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0.01), terhadap berat badan, pertambahan berat badan, dan konsumsi ransum ikan Lele Dumbo, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05)  terhadap konversi dan efisiensi pakan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pakan pelet organik asal feses sapi dapat memacu pertumbuhan ikan Lele Dumbo. Utilization of Cattle Feces as Materials for Pellet Feed to The Weight Gain of Catfish Abstract. The aim of present study was to utilizase cattle feces as materials for making organic pellet feed to improve the growth of catfish.  The study was conducted  in Station Research II (two) Ie Seum Unit, University Farm, Aceh Besar, May 22-August 14, 2016. The study was designed into completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each relication was an experimental unit consisting of 50 catfishes.The treatment was substition of commercial feed fish (781 Hiprovite) with  organic pellet feed with the level of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively.  Parameters  measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency,  livebility, and water quality  (pH, temperature, moisture, light). The results of study showed that administration of organic pellet feed  affected highly significant (P0.01) on body weight, body weight gain and feed intake of catfish. However, there were no significant effect (P0.05) on feed conversion and feed efficiency.  It was concluded that the organic pellet feed composed mainly from cattle feces could  improve the growth of catfish

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DL-METHIONINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN, FEED CONSUMPTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Deddyano Kandido Son ◽  
Charles Venirius Lisnahan ◽  
Oktovianus Rafael Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

The purpose of this experiment was to know the effect of dl-methionine supplementation in feed on the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Study Program, Agricultural Faculty, University of Timor, Kefamenanu from December 2019 to January 2020. The experiment used 80 fourteen-day broilers. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were: T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.30% dl-methionine), T2 (T0 + 0.50% dl-methionine), and T3 (T0 + 0.70% dl-methionine). The variables observed were body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency. The results of the experiment showed that the treatment significantly affected the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of broilers (P<0.05). It was concluded that commercial feed supplemented with dl-methionine by 0.70% increased the growth performance of broilers.

scholarly journals Phosphorus requirements of tambaqui juveniles

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalles José Rego de Sousa ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Water Circulation System ◽  
Best Fit

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). 300 juveniles (26.4 ± 0.68 g) were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of six treatments with five replicates and 10 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six isoprotein, isonitrogenous, and isocalcium rations, with different levels of digestible phosphorus: 0.27; 0.46; 0.67; 0.91; 1.04; and 1.14%. The fish were kept in 30 polyethylene tanks (500 L) with a closed water circulation system and fed six meals per day for 49 days. Parameters of performance and feed efficiency, daily protein, and fat, ash, and phosphorus deposition rates were evaluated. The elevation of digestible phosphorus provided a quadratic increase in feed consumption to a level of 0.92%, linear increase in the consumption of digestible phosphorus, and quadratic reduction in the efficiency of digestible phosphorus for weight gain. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for weight gain and specific growth rate, estimated at 0.55% and 0.56% digestible phosphorus, respectively. The feed conversion and protein efficiency for weight gain improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.84% of digestible phosphorus. Body fat deposition improved quadratically up to an estimated level of 0.90% of digestible phosphorus. The linear response plateau model was the best fit for body deposition of protein, ash, and phosphorus, estimated at 0.55%, 0.46%, and 0.59% of digestible phosphorus, respectively. To optimize weight gain, the recommended level of digestible phosphorus in diets for juvenile tambaqui is 0.55%, which corresponds to an estimated level of 0.87% of total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Use of golden mussel and wattle tannin in the supply of cut chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Douglas Fernando Bayerle ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Lucas Wachholz ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira Bruxel ◽  
José Geraldo de Vargas Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Golden Mussel ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the use of acacia tannin as a toxic metal adsorbent in the diets of broilers fed with the inclusion of golden mussel meal in substitution for calcitic limestone. In the first trial, 648 male 21-day-old animals were divided among six treatments and six replicates, with 18 birds per experimental unit, organized in a completely randomized design (DIC). The treatments were diets with different acacia tannin levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1250 g ton-1). The results indicated that 250 g ton-1 of tannin was not harmful to weight gain, final weight, or feed conversion. Tannin levels caused a decrease in carcass yield and fat deposition and an increase in liver size. For the second trial, 900 male broilers of 21 days of age were used and distributed in a DIC, with different levels of substitution of calcitic limestone by the golden mussel meal (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 %) and supplementation or not with acacia tannins (250 g ton-1), with 5 replicates and each experimental unit being composed of 18 birds. The performance data show that the use of 250 g ton-1 of tannin is detrimental to bone performance and resistance and golden mussel meal can be used to substitute up to 100 % of the limestone in the diets without affecting the variables studied.

scholarly journals METHIONINE PLUS CYSTINE TO LYSINE RATIO IN DIETS FOR TAMBAQUI JUVENILES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Oliveira Souza ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Thalles José Rêgo de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Quadratic Effects

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate ratio of methionine plus cystine to lysine in rations for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles, with initial weights of 0.28 ± 0.08 g and 0.94 ± 0.33 g. A randomized block design consisting of six treatments, five replicates in two blocks, and 20 fish per replicate was implemented. Six isolisinic (1.45%), isoenergetic, isophosphoric, and isocalcic diets, containing different ratios of methionine plus cystine to digestible lysine (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%) were used. Performance and feed efficiency variables, including body composition (moisture, protein, and fat), daily protein deposition rate, daily fat deposition rate, and nitrogen retention efficiency, were evaluated. The specific growth rate and feed conversion presented quadratic effects, with maximum effects from the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio of 64.4% and 64.8%, respectively. The increase in digestible methionine plus cystine intake resulted in a linear reduction in body fat content with the elevation of the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio. The digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio recommended in rations for tambaqui fingerlings is 64.8%.

scholarly journals Lysine requirement for tambaqui juveniles

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Janayra Cardoso Silva ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Formulated Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement for lysine in the diet of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In total, 750 juvenile fish (0.34 ± 0.02g) were distributed in tanks arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments, five replications in two blocks, and 25 fish per unit, for 50 d. Six levels of digestible lysine were tested (1.30, 1.48, 1.66, 1.84, 2.02, and 2.20%), in formulated diets based on the ideal protein concept. The performance, feed efficiency, daily deposition of protein and body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The consumption of rations and protein, specific growth rate, body composition, and deposition of body fat were not influenced by the lysine levels tested. The consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly and the efficiency of digestible lysine for weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in lysine levels. The levels of digestible lysine that optimized weight gain and body protein deposition were estimated at 1.73 and 1.78%, respectively. The feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency were most improved at 1.66% and 1.84%, respectively. The recommended level of dietary lysine for providing better weight gain and body protein deposition in juvenile tambaqui is 1.78%, equivalent to 2.00% total lysine.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FERMENTASI DAN AMONIASI KULIT SINGKONG DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT TUBUH DAN KONVERSI PAKAN PADA TERNAK DOMBA JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Yuswan Jaya ◽  
Muhtarudin Muhtarudin ◽  
Kusuma Adhianto ◽  
Erwanto Erwanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cassava Peel

This research intended to determine the effect of using fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel on body weight gain and feed convertion in male sheep.  This research was conducted in June until August 2019 in a cage unit located in the Animal Husbandry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lampung University.  The research used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 3 replications.  Experimental unit of this experiment were nine sheeps.  The treatment used were P0 (Ration + 15% cassava peel without processing), P1 (Ration + fermented cassava peel), and P2 (Ration + ammoniated cassava peel).  Variable in this study were feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion.  The data obtained were analyzed for variance with significance level 5%.  The results showed that the use of fermented and amoniated of cassava peel was not significant (P>0,05) on feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion.  Conclusion of this research is that fermented and ammoniated of cassava peel use in ration did not significantly increase body weight of sheep.   Key words: Amoniation, Body weight gain, Cassava peel, Feed convertion rate, Fermentation

scholarly journals The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
PRAMUWIDHI PEKIK WICAKSONO ◽  
Y.B.P. SUBAGYO ◽  
LUTOJO LUTOJO
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Randomized Design

Wicaksono PP, Subagyo YBP, Lotojo. 2008. The effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in ration on performance of male New Zealand White rabbit. Biofarmasi 6: 16-21. This research aimed to determine the effect of papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation on male New Zealand White rabbit performance. The research was conducted at Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), located in Balekambang, Surakarta from 23 April to 18 June 2007. This research used 16 male New Zealand White rabbits divided into four treatments and four replicates, each repetition used a single rabbit. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with unbalanced data. The treatment given was 60% forage, 40% concentrate with papaya (Carica papaya) sap supplementation in feed, consisted of without papaya sap (P0), feed with papaya sap 0.2 g/rabbit (P1), feed with papaya sap 0.4 g/rabbit (P2), and feed with papaya sap 0.6 g/rabbit (P3). The research variables observed were feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. The results of research showed that papaya sap supplementation up to 0.6 g/rabbit did not increase feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency and did not decrease feed conversion.

scholarly journals Early emergence of axons and formation of accessory nerve (XI) in avian embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Azimul Haque ◽  
Qin Pu ◽  
Ruijin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Effect

A research work was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effect of tree forages on performance of growing sheep. Twenty growing sheep (in 4 groups) were fed three different tree forage diets. Tree forages Melia azardirachta, Leucaena leucocephala and Artocarpus heterophyllus were supplied in three treatments except one consisted no tree forages which was considered as control. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the animal groups in terms of total DM and ME intake, although there were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF. Feeding of tree forages had significant (p<0.05) effect on live weight gain of sheep. Animals fed with tree forage based diets significantly increased weight gain (60.70 and 50.70 g/d for L. leucocephala and A. heterophyllus, respectively) compared to that (45.66 g/d) of control group fed with silage. Feed conversion efficiency (kg feed/kg gain) also showed that animals fed with tree forage of L. leucocephala and M. azardirachta based diets were having significantly (p<0.05) higher efficiency (11.33 and 11.47, respectively) compared to those of A. heterophyllus and control diet (13.77 and 13.33, respectively). The results of nitrogen balance of M. azardirachta and L. leucocephala tree forage had significantly (p<0.05) positive effect on the nitrogen retention in the body of the animals. Intake of all the tree forages was not similar which indicated that all of them were not accepted to the lamb in same level. So, diets with tree forages of L. leucocephala resulted better in terms of weight gain, digestibility and nitrogen balance compared to A. heterophyllu, M. azardirachta and silage (control).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 654-659

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