scholarly journals Threonine to lysine ratio in diets of tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Danielli Dos Santos Firmo ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios in diets of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. Five-hundred fish with a mean ± SE initial weight of 2.16 ± 0.03 g were used in a completely randomized design, consisting of four treatments, five replicates per treatment, and 25 fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of four isoenergetic, isophosphoric, isocalcic, and isolisinic (1.45%) diets, consisting of a basal diet supplemented with four L-threonine levels (1.013, 1.085, 1.158, and 1.230%), resulting in different threonine to lysine ratios (70, 75, 80, and 85%). Fish were maintained in twenty 500-L aquaria with independent water supply, drainage, and aeration systems, and were fed to apparent satiation six times a day for 45 days. Performance, feed efficiency, daily protein and fat deposition, body moisture content, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine intake increased linearly, and the efficiency of threonine for weight gain decreased quadratically, with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed:gain ratio, protein efficiency for weight gain, and nitrogen retention efficiency of fish increased in a quadratic manner with increasing digestible threonine to lysine ratios up to the levels of 75.96, 76.06, 76.36, 76.47, and 74.02%, respectively. It was concluded that the digestible threonine to lysine ratio for use in diets of juvenile tambaqui to achieve optimal performance and nitrogen retention efficiency is 76 and 74%, respectively, which corresponds to a digestible threonine level of 1.102 and 1.073%.

scholarly journals Digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus) fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Rafael Silva Marchão ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Dayana da Conceição da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Dilution

ABSTRACT Cross breeding of native fish species is a technique to produce hybrids that can express higher weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the parental species. The digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga fingerlings (Colossoma macropomum ♀ x Piaractus brachypomus ♂) was determined in this study. For this, 700 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 2.39 ±0.02 g and average final weight of 35.96 ±2.03 g were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments (0.600, 0.800, 1.000, 1.200, 1.400, and 1.600% digestible threonine) and five replicates per treatment, with 20 fish per experimental unit. Diets were formulated by the “diet dilution” technique using the ideal protein concept. Performance, feed efficiency, body depositions of protein, ash and fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine levels that optimized weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were 1.40, 1.27 and 1.10%, respectively. Body deposition of fat was reduced in a quadratic manner (p<0.01), and the body depositions of protein and ash, together with the efficiency of nitrogen retention, were optimized by the digestible threonine level of 1.20; 1.33, and 0.82%, respectively. The recommended digestible threonine level in the diet for tambatinga fingerlings is 1.20 to 1.40% (0.40 and 0.47% Mcal DE-1) to obtain higher body deposition of protein and weight gain, respectively.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF TAMBAQUI FINGERLINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-804
Author(s):  
THALLES JOSÉ REGO SOUSA ◽  
MARCOS ANTONIO DELMONDES BOMFIM ◽  
FELIPE BARBOSA RIBEIRO ◽  
SYLVIA SANAE TAKISHITA ◽  
DAYANA DA CANCEIÇÃO DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the digestible phosphorus requirement in rations for tambaqui fingerlings (Colossoma macropomum). 900 fingerlings (0.51 ± 0.06 g) were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates, and thirty fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six diets with different digestible phosphorus levels (0.12, 0.33, 0.54, 0.75, 0.95, and 1.16%). The fish were fed six times a day, for 63 days. Performance, feed efficiency, and the daily protein, fat, ash, and phosphorus deposition rates of fish were evaluated. The treatments did not influence the feed intake. The elevation of phosphorus levels increased the digestible phosphorus intake linearly, and improved of quadratic form the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed:gain ratio, protein efficiency for weight gain, and daily protein, fat, ash, and phosphorus depositions up to the estimated levels of 0.64, 0.66, 0.70, 0.70, 0.62, 0.62, 0.70, 0.71%, respectively. The phosphorus efficiency for weight gain worsened with the elevation of phosphorus levels. The recommendation of digestible phosphorus level in rations for tambaqui fingerlings to optimize weight gain and body phosphorus deposition is 0.71%, which corresponds to the estimated level of 1.04% total phosphorus.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals Cellulase hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana leaf utilization as a feed ingredient for gourami fingerling

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Jefry Jefry ◽  
Mia Setiawati ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Ichsan Achmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of hydrolyzed Indigofera zolingeriana by celullase enzyme as the feed ingredient of gourami fish. This study used a completely randomized design which contained three steps, whereas each step contained four treatments and four replications. The first step performed by evaluating the Indigofera leaf meal (ILM) added with cellulase enzyme of 0 g/kg (control), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg. The second step was the digestibility test of ILM on gourami seeds. The third step was feed evaluation added with ILM as much as 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 45% against the growth performance on gourami seeds. The gourami seeds used in the second and third steps with a weight of 13.65 ± 0.39 g/seed and 5.95 ± 0.15 g/seed, respectively. The addition of 0.8 g/kg and 1.2 g/kg cellulase enzyme could significantly decrease the crude fiber of ILM with 43.33%, besides having the best value of total, ingredient, protein, lipid, and energy digestibility. The growth performance of gourami seeds given 15% ILM added feed had the best value and insignificantly different from the control feed without ILM addition based on the specific growth rate (SGR), protein retention (PR), and feed efficiency (FE).          Keywords: Cellulase, feed, hydrolyze, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy.   ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan daun Indigofera zolingeriana yang dihidrolisis enzim selulase sebagai bahan baku pada pakan benih ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas tiga tahap, dimana masing-masing tahap terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan evaluasi tepung daun Indigofera (TDI) yang ditambahkan enzim selulase sebesar 0 g/kg (kontrol), 0.4 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, dan 1.2 g/kg. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan uji kecernaan bahan TDI pada benih ikan gurami. Pada tahap ketiga dilakukan evaluasi pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 0% (kontrol), 15%, 30% dan 45%  terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada benih ikan gurami. Benih ikan gurami yang digunakan pada penilitian tahap kedua dengan bobot 13.65 ± 0.39 g/ekor dan 5.95 ± 0.15 g/ekor. Penambahan enzim selulase pada dosis 0.8 g/kg dan 1.2 g/kg secara signifikan mampu menurunkan serat kasar TDI sebesar 43.33 % dan memberikan nilai terbaik terhadap nilai kecernaan total, kecernaan bahan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan lemak dan kecernaan energi. Kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan gurami yang diberikan pakan yang ditambahkan TDI sebesar 15% memilki nilai terbaik dan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pakan kontrol tanpa TDI dari aspek laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), retensi protein (RP) dan efisiensi pakan (EP).   Kata kunci: Hidrolisis, Indigofera zolingeriana, Osphronemus gouramy, pakan, selulase.

scholarly journals Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Maria Piano Gonçalves ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Beatriz Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Performance Results

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.

scholarly journals Use of golden mussel and wattle tannin in the supply of cut chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Douglas Fernando Bayerle ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Lucas Wachholz ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira Bruxel ◽  
José Geraldo de Vargas Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Golden Mussel ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the use of acacia tannin as a toxic metal adsorbent in the diets of broilers fed with the inclusion of golden mussel meal in substitution for calcitic limestone. In the first trial, 648 male 21-day-old animals were divided among six treatments and six replicates, with 18 birds per experimental unit, organized in a completely randomized design (DIC). The treatments were diets with different acacia tannin levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1250 g ton-1). The results indicated that 250 g ton-1 of tannin was not harmful to weight gain, final weight, or feed conversion. Tannin levels caused a decrease in carcass yield and fat deposition and an increase in liver size. For the second trial, 900 male broilers of 21 days of age were used and distributed in a DIC, with different levels of substitution of calcitic limestone by the golden mussel meal (0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 %) and supplementation or not with acacia tannins (250 g ton-1), with 5 replicates and each experimental unit being composed of 18 birds. The performance data show that the use of 250 g ton-1 of tannin is detrimental to bone performance and resistance and golden mussel meal can be used to substitute up to 100 % of the limestone in the diets without affecting the variables studied.

scholarly journals Effect of lipid sources of diets on broiler performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-798
Author(s):  
L.J.C. Lara ◽  
N.C. Baião ◽  
C.A.L. Aguilar ◽  
S.V. Cançado ◽  
M.A. Fiuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A completely randomized design with six replicates of 30 birds per experimental unit was used to evaluate the effect of five fat sources of diets (soybean oil, poultry fat, acidulated soybean oil soapstock and a mix of soybean oil plus poultry fat and soybean oil plus acidulated soybean oil soapstock) on the performance of male Ross broilers, during the growing period (1-45 days of age). The diets for each phase were isonutritional. Broilers fed on soybean oil showed higher weight gain in comparison to the birds fed on diets containing acidulated soybean oil soapstock (P<0.05), but no differences were observed among the other treatments. The feed intake of birds fed on soybean oil was higher compared to the birds fed on acidulated soybean soapstock diet and mix of soybean oil plus acidulated soybean oil soapstock diet. No treatment effect was observed for feed:weight gain ratio and viability. Soybean oil diet resulted in better broiler performance in comparison to acidulated soybean oil soapstock diet.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of Putak: Apparent Metabolisable Energy, and Growth Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Catootjie L. Nalle ◽  
Marlin R.K. Yowi ◽  
Defrys R. Tulle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional value of putak for broilers. Experiment 1. The apparent metabolisable energy of raw and fermented putak were determined. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates. Total of 64 broilers were randomly distributed to 16 pens. A maize-soybean meal basal diet was formulated and three assay diets were then developed by substituting putak (raw, and fermented, 250 g kg-1, w/w), and maize (500 g kg-1, w/w) of the basal diet. Even though the AME and AMEn values of fermented putak were comparable to that of raw putak and maize, but it was slightly higher than that of raw putak. Experiment 2. Using the AME value of raw putak obtained in Experiment 1, five treatment diets containing 0 to 200 g kg-1 putak were formulated. The body weight gain of broilers fed 150 - 200 g kg-1-1 putak was higher to that of control diet, but it was similar to those fed 50-100 g kg-1 putak. No differences were found in FCR and mortality rate. Feed intake of broilers fed diets containing putak was higher than that of control diet. In conclusion, the AME and AMEn values of putak, fermented putak, and maize were comparable. Putak can be included in broiler diets up to 200 g kg-1 without detrimental effects.

PERFORMANCE AND INTESTINAL MORPHOMETRY OF NAKED NECK BIRDS FED TREE CASSAVA HAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marcelo Helder Medeiros Santana ◽  
Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez ◽  
Maria Cristina Duarte de Lima ◽  
Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo Júnior ◽  
Élcio Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Semiarid Climate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

<p>Basal diet was partially substituted with tree cassava (<em>Manihot psdeudoglaziovii</em>) hay in the feeding of naked neck Label Rouge birds reared in semiarid climate. It was evaluated the effects on food intake, weight gain, feed conversion from 33 to 70 days of age (d), relative weight of prime cuts and edible organs at 70d, and the histology of small intestine at 56d. An economic analysis of the use of tree cassava hay was also carried out. Three hundred Label Rouge birds were distributed at 33d into a completely randomized design with three treatments (0, 7 and 14% of tree cassava hay levels) and ten repetitions with ten birds per repetition. There were no differences on feed intake, although tree cassava levels negatively affected weight gain and feed conversion. Relative gizzard weight increased (P&lt;0.05) with higher tree cassava levels. In the duodenum, villus height increased (P&lt;0.01) in birds fed 7% tree cassava hay; crypts were deeper in all segments of birds fed 14% tree cassava hay. Relative gross profit decreased in any scenario simulated with 14% of tree cassava hay. The substitution of tree cassava hay for basal diet at the level of 7% is viable for naked neck Label Rouge birds reared in semiarid climate.</p>

scholarly journals Weight gain and morphometric growth of genetically improved tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Marcos ◽  
Jayme Aparecido Povh ◽  
Darci Carlos Fornari ◽  
Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dunnett Test ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Weight gain and morphometric growth of the genetically improved tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) are evaluated. Current assay was carried out on the Fish Farm Experimental Station of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Santo Antonio de Leverger - MT Brazil. Seven fish families from the breeding program and a control group (not genetically improved) were evaluated. All animals were individually identified with a transmitter-responder label (transponder). Weight gain, overall and standard length, head size, height, width and body perimeter were measured. A completely randomized design was used and comparisons among families and the control group were carried out by Dunnett test at 5% significance level. The genetically improved fish families showed a 14.8% higher weight gain when compared to that of control group. Five out of seven families showed greater weight gain when compared to control group, with the best family exhibiting a 24.8% higher rate. Four families had higher growth in all evaluated morphometric characteristics when compared to control group. Only one family did not differ in any of the evaluated characteristics with regard to the control group.

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