scholarly journals Phytotherapy in reducing glycemic index and testicular oxidative stress resulting from induced diabetes: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Oliveira ◽  
A. A. N. Silva ◽  
V. A. Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Damage And Failure

Abstract Oxidative stress plays a main role in the development of diabetes complications. The impairment of gonadal antioxidant potential and endocrine disturbance in diabetic males causes testicular damage and failure in sperm production. Plants have been widely used to control diabetes due their hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential, contributing towards the recovery of testicular function. Current study comprises a review of the literature on the main medicinal plants used in the recovery of testicular oxidative damage in animals with experimental diabetes. Eighteen plant species in the nineteen studies selected from the search strategy were evaluated. Plant extracts were evaluated according to their effects on blood glucose and insulin levels, antioxidant enzymes and oxidant levels, lipid peroxidation, total protein, testosterone levels, gonadosomatic index, diameter of seminiferous tubules, seminiferous epithelium height and integrity, number of germ cells at stage VII and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium, sperm production, motility, viability and morphology. After the analysis of the studies, it was observed that plant species, used alone or in combination, may control testicular oxidative damage triggered by diabetes. The antioxidant potential varies among species, with some plants proving to have a better performance in the recovery of reproduction parameters than others.

scholarly journals Chronic exposure of bisphenol S (BPS) affect hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular activities in adult male rats: possible in estrogenic mode of action

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hizb Ullah ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
Owais Rehman ◽  
Sarwat Jahan ◽  
Tayyaba Afsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Abstract Background The industrial revolution has resulted in increased synthesis and the introduction of a variety of compounds into the environment and their potentially hazardous effects have been observed in the biota. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of chronic exposure to the low concentrations of bisphenol S (BPS) in male rats. Methods Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats (22 days old) were either exposed to water containing 0.1% ethanol for control or different concentrations of BPS (0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) in drinking water for 48 weeks in the chronic exposure study. After completion of the experimental period, animals were dissected and different parameters (hormone concentrations, histology of testis and epididymis, oxidative stress and level of antioxidant enzymes in the testis, daily sperm production (DSP), and sperm parameters) were determined. Results Results of the present study showed a significant alteration in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relative reproductive organ weights. Oxidative stress in the testis was significantly elevated while sperm motility, daily sperm production, and the number of sperm in epididymis were reduced. Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were reduced and estradiol levels were high in the 50 μg/L-exposed group. Histological observations involved a significant reduction in the epithelial height of the testis along with disrupted spermatogenesis, an empty lumen of the seminiferous tubules, and the caput region of the epididymis. Conclusion These results suggest that exposure to 5 and 50 μg/L of BPS for the chronic duration started from an early age can induce structural changes in testicular tissue architecture and endocrine alterations in the male reproductive system which may lead to infertility in males.

scholarly journals Perturbation of spermatogenesis by androgen antagonists directly injected into seminiferous tubules of live mice

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaz Nagaosa ◽  
Atsushi Kishimoto ◽  
Ryoichi Kizu ◽  
Akihisa Nakagawa ◽  
Akiko Shiratsuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Androgen Antagonists ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Blood Testis Barrier

Natural and artificial substances present in the environment can affect our health. Testicular toxicants in particular are troublesome, because they disturb gonadal function of males. Translocation of substances into the seminiferous epithelium where sperm production proceeds is restricted due to the blood–testis barrier, but this permeability barrier temporarily disappears under physiological and sub-physiological conditions. This means that any substance could enter the seminiferous epithelium and disturb sperm production. To reduce the risk posed by such toxins, it is important to accurately determine which substances possess the toxicity. However, existing assay systems are not satisfactory in terms of both accuracy and sensitivity. Here, we report the establishment of such a system. We injected the androgen antagonists, flutamide and vinclozolin, directly into seminiferous tubules of live mice, which had been treated with busulfan for a temporal arrest of spermatogenesis, and the testes were histologically examined to see the effect of the injected materials on spermatogenesis that was in the process of recovery. The injection of either substance brought about a severe impairment of spermatogenesis at an amount over a million times smaller than that used in the previous assay systems where animals are administered with test substances outside of the testis. In contrast, these androgen antagonists at the same doses showed lesser effects when intratubularly or intraperitoneally administered into mice that had not been pretreated with busulfan. We propose that the method adopted in this study is a novel assay system to identify potential testicular toxicants.

scholarly journals Spermatogenesis: The Commitment to Meiosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Griswold
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Division ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Daily Sperm Production ◽  
Stem Cell Pool

Mammalian spermatogenesis requires a stem cell pool, a period of amplification of cell numbers, the completion of reduction division to haploid cells (meiosis), and the morphological transformation of the haploid cells into spermatozoa (spermiogenesis). The net result of these processes is the production of massive numbers of spermatozoa over the reproductive lifetime of the animal. One study that utilized homogenization-resistant spermatids as the standard determined that human daily sperm production (dsp) was at 45 million per day per testis (60). For each human that means ∼1,000 sperm are produced per second. A key to this level of gamete production is the organization and architecture of the mammalian testes that results in continuous sperm production. The seemingly complex repetitious relationship of cells termed the “cycle of the seminiferous epithelium” is driven by the continuous commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to meiosis and the period of time required to form spermatozoa. This commitment termed the A to A1 transition requires the action of retinoic acid (RA) on the undifferentiated spermatogonia or prospermatogonia. In stages VII to IX of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells and germ cells are influenced by pulses of RA. These pulses of RA move along the seminiferous tubules coincident with the spermatogenic wave, presumably undergoing constant synthesis and degradation. The RA pulse then serves as a trigger to commit undifferentiated progenitor cells to the rigidly timed pathway into meiosis and spermatid differentiation.

scholarly journals Effect of the Age and Body Weight of the Broiler Breeders Male on the Presentation of Oxidative Stress and Its Correlation with the Quality of Testicular Parenchyma and Physiological Antioxidant Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Magdalena Escorcia ◽  
Félix Sánchez-Godoy ◽  
David Ramos-Vidales ◽  
Omar Noel Medina-Campos ◽  
José Pedraza-Chaverri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

Chicken meat is a food of high nutritional quality; its production requires birds called broilers breeders and looking after all aspects that influence their reproductive capacity. An ongoing controversy exists among researchers related to the weight of the rooster and its fertilization capacity. By histological and biochemical tests, the association between weight and age with oxidant damage, testicular parenchyma and antioxidant capacity was evaluated in Ross 308 roosters. Testicular integrity was assessed by histological analysis, oxidative stress was determined by malondialdehyde content, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and enzymatic antioxidant capacity through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. Histological analysis showed vacuolization of the epithelium from the seminiferous tubules. A significant negative association was observed between malondialdehyde and the deterioration of the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium, as well as between age and integrity of the seminiferous epithelium. It became evident that oxidative damage directly affects the quality of testicular parenchyma. Weight and age were not associated with the antioxidant enzymes activities, but with non-enzymatic capacity. The data obtained suggest that weight is not the most important factor that influences the fertility of the rooster.

Duration of spermatogenesis and daily sperm production in the rodent Proechimys guyannensis

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália L.M. Lara ◽  
Ivan C. Santos ◽  
Guilherme M.J. Costa ◽  
Dirceu A. Cordeiro-Junior ◽  
Antônio C. G. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neotropical Rodent ◽  
Very High ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

SummaryThe spiny rat (Proechimys guyannensis) is a neotropical rodent that is used in biomedical research, particularly research related to chronic resistance to epilepsy and infectious diseases. To our knowledge, there are few reports concerning the reproductive biology of this species. Therefore, besides providing basic biometric and morphometric data, in the present study we investigated testis function and spermatogenesis in adult spiny rats. The mean testis weight and gonadosomatic index obtained were 1.63 ± 0.2 g and 1.15 ± 0.1% respectively. Based on the development of the acrosomic system, 12 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were characterized. Stages VI and VII presented the highest frequencies (~17–19%), whilst stages II to V showed the lowest frequencies (~2–4%). The most advanced germ cell types labelled at 1 h or 20 days after BrdU injections were respectively preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes at stage VII and elongated spermatids at stage III. The mean duration of one cycle was 7.5 ± 0.01 days and the entire spermatogenic process lasted 33.7 ± 0.06 days (~4.5 cycles). The seminiferous tubules (ST) occupied ~96 ± 1% of the testis parenchyma, whereas Leydig cells comprised only 1.5 ± 0.4%. The number of Sertoli cells (SC) per testis gram and the SC efficiency (spermatids/SC) were respectively 78 × 106 ± 11 × 106 and 7.9 ± 1. The daily sperm production per testis gram (spermatogenic efficiency; daily sperm production (DSP)/g/testis) was 78 × 106 ± 8 × 106. To our knowledge, this spermatogenic efficiency is among the highest found for mammals investigated to date and is probably related to the very short duration of spermatogenesis and the very high ST percentage and SC number obtained for this species.

scholarly journals Testis structure, duration of spermatogenesis and daily sperm production in four wild cricetid rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251256
Author(s):  
Dirceu A. Cordeiro ◽  
Guilherme M. J. Costa ◽  
Luiz R. França
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Very High ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Although rodents represent approximately 40% of all living mammalian species, our knowledge regarding their reproductive biology is still scarce. Due to their high vulnerability to environmental changes, wild rodents have become beneficial models for ecological studies. Thus, we aimed to comparatively investigate key functional testis parameters in four sexually mature wild rodent species (A. cursor, A. montensis, N. lasiurus, and O. nigripes). These species belong to the Cricetidae family, which is the most diverse family of rodents in South America, with a total of ~120 species in Brazil. The results found for the gonadosomatic index and the sickled sperm head shape observed strongly suggest that the species here evaluated are promiscuous, prolific, and short-lived. The duration of spermatogenesis was relatively short and varied from ~35–40 days. Both the percentage of seminiferous tubules (ST) in the testis parenchyma (~95–97%) and the number of Sertoli cells (SC) (~48–70 million) per testis gram were very high, whereas a fairly good SC efficiency (~8–13 round spermatids per SC) was observed. In comparison to other mammalian species studied, particularly the rodents of the suborder Myomorpha (i.e. hamsters, rats and mice), the rodents herein investigated exhibited very high (~62–80 million) daily sperm production per testis gram. This impressive spermatogenic efficiency resulted mainly from the short duration of spermatogenesis and quite high values found for the ST percentage in the testis and the SC number per testis gram. We expect that the knowledge here obtained will help conservation programs and the proper management of wildlife.

Black Tea Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status in Rats Subjected to Oxidative Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

The protective effect of black tea extract (BTE) against HgCl2-induced oxidative damage in Wistar rats was investigated. Rats were injected with HgCl2 (5 mg/kg body weight in 0.9% NaCl) to induce oxidative stress. The aqueous BTE (2.5%) was prepared from CTC (curl, tear, crush) grade tea. BTE was fed to control and HgCl2-treated rats by gavage at a dose of 1 ml/(100 g body weight d). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as the erythrocyte plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) activity, lipid peroxidation, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), increased by 166, 31, and 373%, respectively, in response to HgCl2 treatment, while intracellular glutathione and plasma antioxidant potential, i.e. ferric reducing ability (FRAP) decreased by 75 and 22%, respectively. BTE protected the rats against HgCl2-induced oxidative damage and raised the antioxidant potential in control rats. Due to its strong antioxidant effect in vivo, black tea intake may provide a significant healthpromoting effect to humans

Oxidative injury associated with stenting of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Erhan Saraçoğlu ◽  
Ertan Vuruşkan ◽  
Yusuf Çekici ◽  
Salih Kiliç ◽  
Halil Ay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Abstract. Background: After carotid artery stenting (CAS), neurological complications that cannot be explained with imaging methods may develop. In our study we aimed to show, using oxidative stress markers, isolated oxidative damage and resulting neurological findings following CAS in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Patients and methods: We included 131 neurologically asymptomatic patients requiring CAS. The neurological findings were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) prior to the procedure, one hour post-procedure, and two days after. Patients with elevated mRS scores but with or without typical hyperintense lesions observed on an MRI and with changes of oxidative stress marker levels at the time (Δtotal-thiol, Δtotal antioxidative status [TAS], and Δtotal oxidant status [TOS]) were evaluated. Results: In the neurological examination carried out one hour prior to the procedure, there were 92 patients with mRS = 0, 20 with mRS = 1, and 12 with mRS = 2. When Δtotal-thiol, ΔTAS, and ΔTOS values and the mRS were compared, it was observed that as the difference in oxidative parameters increased, clinical deterioration also increased proportionally (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrate a possible correlation between oxidative damage and neurological findings after CAS which could not be explained by routine imaging methods.

Changes in lipid peroxidation during pregnancy and after delivery in rats: effect of pinealectomy

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Sainz ◽  
RJ Reiter ◽  
JC Mayo ◽  
J Cabrera ◽  
DX Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Oxygen Requirement ◽  
Pregnant Rats

Pregnancy is a physiological state accompanied by a high energy demand of many bodily functions and an increased oxygen requirement. Because of the increased intake and utilization of oxygen, increased levels of oxidative stress would be expected. In the present study, the degree of lipid peroxidation was examined in different tissues from non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Melatonin and other indole metabolites are known to be direct free radical scavengers and indirect antioxidants. Thus the effect of pinealectomy at 1 month before pregnancy on the accumulation of lipid damage was investigated in non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal concentrations were measured in the lung, uterus, liver, brain, kidney, thymus and spleen from intact and pinealectomized pregnant rats soon after birth of their young and at 14 and 21 days after delivery. The same parameters were also evaluated in intact and pinealectomized non-pregnant rats. Shortly after delivery, lipid oxidative damage was increased in lung, uterus, brain, kidney and thymus of the mothers. No differences were detected in liver and spleen. Pinealectomy enhanced this effect in the uterus and lung. It is concluded that during pregnancy high levels of oxidative stress induce an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, which in some cases is inhibited by the antioxidative actions of pineal indoles.

Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V. S. Nedzvetsky ◽  
V. Ya. Gasso ◽  
A. M. Hahut ◽  
I. A. Hasso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cadmium Ions

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

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