scholarly journals Potential of endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Duponchelia fovealis (Zeller) (Lepidoptera:Crambidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Amatuzzi ◽  
N. Cardoso ◽  
A. S. Poltronieri ◽  
C. G. Poitevin ◽  
P. Dalzoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
New Pest ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Abstract This study reports the first assessment of endophytic fungi isolated from strawberry leaves and selection of isolates for the control of Duponchelia fovealis, a new pest of strawberries. A total of 400 strawberry leaves of the cultivar ‘Albion’ were collected in four commercial farms. Leaves were disinfected, cut in fragments, and placed on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar media with tetracycline and incubated for 30 days. Following this time, 517 fungal colonies were isolated, and thirteen genera were identified: Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Nigrospora, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Alternaria, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Ulocladium, Bipolaris, Diaporthe, and Phoma. Eight isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Diaporthe, Paecilomyces, and Cladosporium were selected for pathogenicity bioassays against third instar larvae of D. fovealis. Isolates of Paecilomyces induced the highest mortality rates.

scholarly journals Alternative medium for the growth of endophytic fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
Syamsia Syamsia ◽  
Abubakar Idhan ◽  
Husnah Latifah ◽  
Noerfitryani Noerfityani ◽  
Aidil Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Organic Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Agar Media

Abstract Medium for the growth of endophytic fungi generally uses Potato Dextrose Agar media, but because the price is expensive, it is necessary to find materials for alternative media from organic materials that are easy to obtain and inexpensive. The legume group was one of the alternative ingredients as the source of protein, corn, and rice as the source of carbohydrates for the growth medium. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter such as rice, corn, and legumes as a medium for the growth of endophytic fungi. The research methods included: rejuvenation of endophytic fungus isolation, preparation of organic medium from rice, corn, legumes, and potatoes, growth test of endophytic fungus on 4 types of organic media.

scholarly journals Fungal Tolerance: An Alternative for the Selection of Fungi with Potential for the Biological Recovery of Precious Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8096
Author(s):  
Rosalba Argumedo-Delira ◽  
Mario J. Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Ramiro Uribe-Kaffure
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Fungal Tolerance ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Selection Of

The behavior of various filamentous fungi in the presence of metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, and V has been widely reported. However, there is little information regarding metals such as Au, Ag and Pt that are not in the form of nanoparticles. The growth of eight filamentous fungi was evaluated at increasing doses of Au, Ag and Pt. The fungi were reactivated in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar. Subsequently, individual mycelial disks from each strain were inoculated in PDA plates with the following doses of AuCl3, Ag2SO4 and PtCl4: 0, 50, 150 and 300 mg L−1, respectively. The plates were then incubated for 20 days—a period in which the diameter of the colony was measured every 24 h. Au showed the highest toxicity for the tested fungi. All silver doses decreased the growth of most of the fungi, while platinum did not cause any inhibitory effect on the growth of the eight tested fungi. With a simple test, it was possible to observe the effect of precious metals (PMs) on the growth of filamentous fungi and consider their possible biotechnological applications in the recovery of PMs from primary or secondary sources.

scholarly journals Selection of endophytic fungi from Sinjai local red rice as producer of IAA (Indole Acetad Acid) hormone

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 012117
Author(s):  
D Yustisia ◽  
K Mustari ◽  
T Kuswinanti ◽  
A Yassi ◽  
M E Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Late Maturity

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity (ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89% (ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704) to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704), respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.

scholarly journals Why Is Treatment Urgency Often Overestimated? An Experimental Study on the Phenomenon of Over-triage

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Ellebrecht
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Injury Pattern ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Case Vignettes ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Vital Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTIn the 19th century, triage emerged as an administrative concept to overcome the unjust and medically unreasonable consequences of an unsystematic adhoc selection of casualties. Until today, however, triage concepts are often applied incorrectly. High over-triage rates are a well-known phenomenon, which increase mortality rates. In order to examine their frequent occurrences, the article discusses different reasons and presents results of an experimental study. Two triage exercises were conducted: a paper-based triage exercise and a real-world simulation. Both exercises used the same case-vignettes consisting of 5 pairs. Each pair described a patient with the same injury pattern and vital parameters but with differing behaviour (calm/highly excited). Different behavior has a minor but no significant effect on over-triage rates. Over-triage is significantly higher in the real-world simulation than in the paper exercise. This is explained by the characteristics of face-to-face situations themselves: they are more complex and ambiguous, and hold more normative power. Accordingly, over-triage is understood as a means to resolve unclear situations (“better to over- than to under-triage”) and to comply with normative demands “within” the strict margins of an administrative concept.

Production of perithecia by isolates of Gnomonia fructicola

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Cornmeal Agar

More isolates of Gnomonia fructicola formed perithecia on Leonian's agar than on potato-dextrose or cornmeal agar. Fortifying these media with a strawberry petiole extract stimulated perithecium formation on potato-dextrose agar but not on Leonian's or cornmeal agar. All eight isolates studied produced perithecia on strawberry petioles and one produced them only on petioles. The eight isolates segregated into four cultural races according to their ability to form perithecia on the agar media and petioles. This explains why different media have been reported to be best for perithecium production in this fungus.

The Use of Fluorogenic Substrates To Measure Fungal Presence and Activity in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Miller ◽  
Ansa Palojärvi ◽  
Andrea Rangger ◽  
Morten Reeslev ◽  
Annelise Kjøller
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fluorogenic Substrates ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Enzyme Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine if 4-methylumbelliferyl-labelled enzyme substrates could be used to detect and quantify specific components of chitinase and cellulase activities as specific indicators of the presence and activity of fungal biomass. The fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl (MUF)N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and MUF β-d-lactoside were used for the detection and quantification of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30 ) (NAGase) and endo 1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4 )/cellobiohydrolase (EC3.2.1.91 ) (CELase), respectively. Culture screenings on solid media showed a widespread ability to produce NAGase among a taxonomically diverse selection of fungi on media with and without added chitin. NAGase activity was expressed only in a limited number of bacteria and on media supplemented with chitin. The CELase activity was observed only in a limited number of fungi and bacteria. Bacterial CELase activity was expressed on agar media containing a cellulose-derived substrate. In soil samples, NAGase activity was significantly correlated with estimates of fungal biomass, based on the content of two fungus-specific indicator molecules, 18:2ω6 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and ergosterol. CELase activity was significantly correlated with the PLFA-based estimate of fungal biomass in the soil, but no correlation was found with ergosterol-based estimates of fungal biomass.

Remote Interpretation of Microbiology Specimens Based on Transmitted Still Images

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akselsen ◽  
G Hartviksen ◽  
L Vorland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Micro Organisms

A pilot study was carried out to examine the feasibility of the remote interpretation of microbiology specimens, that is, micro-organisms grown on agar in Petri dishes. The objective of our study was to decide whether still images contained enough information for microbiology specialists to identify the microorganisms accurately. A representative sample of microbiology specimens grown on the most commonly used agar media was used. Still images were captured using a video camera and a PC-based system. The results from a pilot study with the first video camera were discouraging, the interpretations differing in five out of 22 specimens; results with a second video camera were also disappointing. Images were then captured on photographic film, at a considerably higher resolution than images captured by the digitizer board in the PC. Again, however, the results were disappointing. We conclude that interpretation of microbiology specimens based exclusively on visual information is problematical. Remote microbiology interpretation in the future will require images of higher information content (e.g., including three-dimensional information), and will probably require additional information as well, from other senses, such as smell.

Biological control of ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S389-S403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAMISH ◽  
H. GINSBERG ◽  
I. GLAZER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Selection Of

Ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (BCAs). Some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. The most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. Development of effective formulations is critical for tick management. Entomopathogenic nematodes that are pathogenic to ticks can potentially control ticks, but improved formulations and selection of novel nematode strains are needed. Parasitoid wasps of the genus Ixodiphagus do not typically control ticks under natural conditions, but inundative releases show potential value. Most predators of ticks are generalists, with a limited potential for tick management (one possible exception is oxpeckers in Africa). Biological control is likely to play a substantial role in future IPM programmes for ticks because of the diversity of taxa that show high potential as tick BCAs. Considerable research is required to select appropriate strains, develop them as BCAs, establish their effectiveness, and devise production strategies to bring them to practical use.

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