scholarly journals Optimization of energy consumption per kg of pure meat by electrical and thermal systems in broiler chicken farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-974
Author(s):  
A. Jahedi ◽  
A. Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Specific Amount

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrical and thermal systems optimization on energy consumption in broiler farms. Experiments were conducted in 4 different climates (cold, hot, dry, and temperate) with four treatments (4 broiler farms in each region) and 5 iterations (5 rearing periods per farm) on the Ross 308 strain of broiler chicken in a completely randomized basic design. The results showed that the solutions applied in cold and dry climates had a significant effect on reducing energy consumption (P<0.05). In the hot climate, although the reduction in energy consumption was observed after the application of the solutions, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the application of solutions in temperate climates created a significant difference in the specific amount of thermal energy consumption per kilo of meat and total energy (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present experiment showed that optimizing the electrical and thermal systems of broiler houses could reduce energy consumption in all climates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and saving strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2355-2364
Author(s):  
A. Jahedi ◽  
A. Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry Climates

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and provide solutions to reduce it. This study was performed with a completely randomized design under 4 climatic conditions, including Ardabil (cold climate representative), Khuzestan (warm climate representative), Isfahan (dry climate representative) and Guilan (temperate climate representative) in 4 replicates (4 broiler farms in each climate) and with 5 repetitions (5 periods of breeding per unit) and a capacity of 492,700, Ross 308 broiler in each breeding period. According to the results, in all climates, the proposed solutions to save thermal energy were able to create a significant difference (P<0.05). The experimental results also showed that the difference in thermal energy consumption in cold and dry climates wasmuch higher than in temperate and warm climates (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present study show that, by optimizing andmodernizing construction equipment in broiler farms, thermal energy losses can be reduced in all climatic conditions.

Optimisation of Thermochromic Thin Films on Glass; Design of Intelligent Windows

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfredi Saeli ◽  
Clara Piccirillo ◽  
Ivan P. Parkin ◽  
Russell Binions ◽  
Ian Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Simulation ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Different Climates

Theoretically thermochromic glazing has the potential to reduce energy consumption in buildings by allowing visible light for day lighting, reducing unwanted solar gain during the cooling season, while allowing useful solar gain in the heating season. In this study building simulation is used to predict the savings made by novel thermochromic glazing coatings compared to standard products, for locations with different climates. The results suggest that thermochromic glazing can have a significant energy saving effect compared to current approaches.

scholarly journals Identifying Key Factors in Determining Disparities in Energy Consumption in China: A Household Level Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7149
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Yankai Zhao ◽  
Mengyuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

With the rapid progress of socio-economic development and urbanization in China, a wide variety of literature has focused on the phenomenon of energy-consumption disparity, which in turn could be related to numerous fundamental energy dilemmas that China must deal with now or soon, including energy use inefficiency, regional energy shortage, insufficient use of green energy, etc. However, in most cases, only a tendency scenario is discussed, while identifying which factors are more likely to affect the improvement of energy supply/use has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore differences in energy consumption in specific, household-level aspects. Based on the information provided by Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS2015), the Gini coefficient and the Lorentz asymmetry coefficient are used to measure the difference among various categories of energy type and end use within and between different geographical sub-groups. The findings show that: (1) household energy-consumption behaviors exhibit a complicated effect on the overall level of energy-consumption difference; (2) from the supply side, energy users show the most significant difference in biomass energy consumption, while from the demand side, the contribution of space heating to the difference in total energy consumption is the highest; (3) a great urban–rural difference in energy consumption is generally observed with its difference within rural areas being much greater than in urban areas; (4) the eastern, middle and western regions weight differently in explaining the overall difference of energy consumption. These findings provide meaningful materials and references for policymakers in China to understand the overall situation of individual energy consumption to a great extent, and to locate key points to reform the current energy policy framework.

scholarly journals The Impact of External Shading Design on the Building Energy Consumption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Eskandari ◽  
Mehdi Saedvandi ◽  
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Climates

In this paper, the effect of an exterior shading element (Iwan) on energy consumption in four different climatic regions, and for different geographical directions, has been investigated numerically and experimentally. By applying different materials and techniques and creating various elements and spaces, architects make hard climatic conditions more tolerable for residents. Iwan is one of the cooling elements which is used in different forms and dimensions in the Islamic architecture. In the present research, Iwan has been introduced as a climatic element in traditional and contemporary architectures and its role in reducing the energy consumption in buildings has been studied. In this respect, first, the thermal loads of a building without Iwan are computed by means of EnergyPlus software. Then, four different forms of Iwan are added to the above-mentioned structure along the four principal geographical directions, and the effect of Iwan on the reduction of thermal loads is analyzed for four different climates. Finally, the design parameters of Iwan, in terms of depth and form, that can help reduce the thermal loads in different climatic conditions are presented. The results show that the best position for using an Iwan is the south direction and the use of Iwan in temperate &amp; humid, hot &amp; humid, cold &amp; mountainous and hot &amp; dry climates could reduce the energy consumption in buildings by 32%, 26%, 14%, and 29%, respectively.

Courtyard Geometry on Solar Heat Gain in Hot-Dry Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Hadi Bagheri Sabzevar ◽  
Mohd Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Alireza Gharakhani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Geometric Effects

This paper attempts to show the geometric effects of a courtyard under the force of hot and dry climates. A courtyard house is an internal open space around which all the habitable rooms are clustered. The main objective is to review the effects of courtyard geometry on changing the energy consumption of courtyard buildings in order to decrease the emissions of CO2.Literature review on courtyard in hot and dry climate suggest various type of the evaluation of previous results proves that the orientation and the proportions are two important factors for the amount of acquired solar energy in courtyard buildings in order to reduce energy consumption in hot-dry regions. They should be considered in the design stage where the designers can take full advantage. Future, can also be established guidelines for efficient courtyard design in Yazd to reduce energy consumption.

Heat reactions of Caucasians in temperate, in hot, dry, and in hot, humid climates

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
N. B. Strydom ◽  
A. Munro ◽  
R. K. MacPherson ◽  
B. Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
The Tropics

Heat reactions of Australian Caucasians living in hot, humid climates and of French Caucasians living in hot, dry climates were compared to unacclimatized and highly acclimatized male Caucasians living in Johannesburg. The experiments were conducted in climatic chambers at temperatures of 90 F wet-bulb and 93 F dry-bulb, and a workload of 1 liter O2/min consumption. The Australians did not differ significantly from the French in the three reactions to heat, except for a slightly significantly higher sweat rate in the 1st hr. The French and Australians had lower mean rectal temperatures and heart rates and higher sweat rates than the unacclimatized South Africans. Although the trend is toward a significant difference for all hours, the differences are not always significant. Living and working in the hot, humid tropics and in the hot, dry desert evidently confers a certain measure of acclimatization to heat. Quantitatively this can be expressed as 50% of the difference between unacclimatized and acclimatized men. This is, however, considerably less than the condition achieved by systematic artificial acclimatization. Australian versus French Caucasians in heat reactions; effects of various climates on Caucasians; heat reactions in the desert; heat reactions in the tropics; physiological effects of hot, dry and hot, humid climates Submitted on August 19, 1963

Cranial crassicaudiasis in two coastal dolphin species from South Africa is predominantly a disease of immature individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Van Bressem ◽  
P Duignan ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
N Fraijia-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

Naval Energy Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Laurențiu Bogdan Asalomia ◽  
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Green Ship

AbstractThe paper analyses the role of control and monitoring of electro-energetic equipment in order to reduce operational costs, increase profits and reduce carbon emissions. The role of SCADA and EcoStruxure Power systems is presented and analysed taking into account the energy consumption and its savings. The paper presents practical and modern solutions to reduce energy consumption by up to 53%, mass by up to 47% and increase the life of the equipment by adjusting the electrical parameters. The Integrated Navigation System has allowed an automatic control and an efficient management. For ships, the implementation of an energy efficiency design index and new technologies was required for the GREEN SHIP project.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

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