Evaluation of thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and saving strategies

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and provide solutions to reduce it. This study was performed with a completely randomized design under 4 climatic conditions, including Ardabil (cold climate representative), Khuzestan (warm climate representative), Isfahan (dry climate representative) and Guilan (temperate climate representative) in 4 replicates (4 broiler farms in each climate) and with 5 repetitions (5 periods of breeding per unit) and a capacity of 492,700, Ross 308 broiler in each breeding period. According to the results, in all climates, the proposed solutions to save thermal energy were able to create a significant difference (P<0.05). The experimental results also showed that the difference in thermal energy consumption in cold and dry climates wasmuch higher than in temperate and warm climates (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present study show that, by optimizing andmodernizing construction equipment in broiler farms, thermal energy losses can be reduced in all climatic conditions.

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Optimization of energy consumption per kg of pure meat by electrical and thermal systems in broiler chicken farms

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-12232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 966-974

Author(s):

A. Jahedi ◽

A. Zarei

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Thermal Systems ◽

Hot Climate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

The Difference ◽

Dry Climates ◽

Different Climates ◽

Specific Amount

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrical and thermal systems optimization on energy consumption in broiler farms. Experiments were conducted in 4 different climates (cold, hot, dry, and temperate) with four treatments (4 broiler farms in each region) and 5 iterations (5 rearing periods per farm) on the Ross 308 strain of broiler chicken in a completely randomized basic design. The results showed that the solutions applied in cold and dry climates had a significant effect on reducing energy consumption (P<0.05). In the hot climate, although the reduction in energy consumption was observed after the application of the solutions, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the application of solutions in temperate climates created a significant difference in the specific amount of thermal energy consumption per kilo of meat and total energy (P<0.05). Overall, the results of the present experiment showed that optimizing the electrical and thermal systems of broiler houses could reduce energy consumption in all climates.

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Thermal Performance of Electrochromic Smart Window with Nanocomposite Structure under Different Climates in Iran

Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.2174/1876402911666190218145433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 154-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Siamak Hoseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Average Energy ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Smart Window ◽

Nanocomposite Layer ◽

Energy Plus ◽

Average Energy Consumption ◽

Bandar Abbas ◽

Different Climates

Objective: This study investigated the optimization of thermal energy consumption using electrochromic components with a new nanocomposite layer (WO3+Ag) in a larger size (window) for a room with an educational application for five cities with different climatic conditions in Iran (Yazd, Tehran, Bandar Abbas, Tabriz, and Sari). Materials & Methods: For this simulation platform, the software was implemented in Energy Plus. This feasibility study was modeled by DesignBuilder software which reported reduced thermal energy consumption across all climates in Iran (hot and dry, warm and semi-humid, warm and wet, moderate and dry, and mild and humid.). Four strategies were considered for better comparison. The first strategy used for common double-glazed windows, while the second to fourth strategies involved the use of the electrochromic window in three different modes; bleached mode (Off), colored mode (On), and switchable mode (controlled below comfort conditions). Results: The third and fourth strategies indicated a reduction in thermal energy consumption in different climates from 25 to 45% relative to typical windows. The best result of cooling energy consumption was observed in Tehran. Conclusion: For this climate, the average energy consumption dropped to 34% for the warm months of the year and even 42% for the warmest month of the year (August).

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Behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of lactating 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir cows

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 1245-1258

Author(s):

Diogo Alves da Costa Ferro ◽

◽

Rafael Alves da Costa Ferro ◽

Klayto José Gonçalves dos Santos ◽

Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Genetic Composition ◽

Comfort Index ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir (HG) dairy cows to identify which genetic composition suffers the least heat stress. A completely randomized design was adopted involving 20 multiparous, lactating crossbred cows from a dairy farm located in the municipality of Turvânia - GO, Brazil. During the experimental period, data on behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory traits were collected every 15 days. Bioestat (5.0) statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The mean temperature-humidity index, ambient temperature and relative humidity obtained throughout the experimental period were 74.45, 30.51 ºC and 63.64%, respectively. In terms of reproductive performance, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genetic compositions for the time from calving to first service, with a longer period shown by the animals with greater Holstein breed genetic composition. Service period and calving interval differed significantly (p < 0.05) during the experimental period between the genetic compositions. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also detected between the compositions for respiratory rate, with higher values observed in the animals with higher European genetic composition. Benezra thermal comfort index also differed significantly (p < 0.05), with the 7/8 HG animals showing a higher value. Lactating cows with a 7/8 HG genetic composition achieved better results in milk production, whereas those with 3/4 HG genetic composition showed superiority in milk fat composition and reproductive and thermoregulatory performance, indicating greater adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region.

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Effect of Cirripedia sp. Flour As Subtitutional Feed Source of Protein Against Dried Disease and Organic Material Rabbit Rain Type Rex

Bantara Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.32585/bjas.v2i1.636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bodhi Agustono ◽

Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽

Mohammad Anam Al Arif ◽

Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽

Faisal Fikri

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Feed Source ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as feed substitution of protein source in feed on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in 100 male rex broilers. The research was experimental by using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour respectively in feed were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% given for four weeks. Data collection was carried out in the fourth week (for seven days) which included consumption data, manure weight and analysis of treatment feed and manure analysis. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the difference between treatments was determined by the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) and that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the digestibility of rex broilers. This shows that the substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour in feed can replace animal protein sources in fish meal in complete feed rabbits.Key words : Cirripedia sp, digestibility, feed subtitution, flour, rabbit.

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Flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry cultivars in Iran climatical conditions

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/13/3/755 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

H. G. Davarynejad ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

M. Ansari

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Thermal Variation ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Opening Up

Determination of flower microphenology for selecting the suitable pollinizer for sour cherry cultivars is of significant importance. In order to study the flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry (Bőtermő, Érdi jubileum and Cigány) cultivars in Mashhad climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in I998. 1999, 2005 and 2006, using a completely randomized design with ten replications. The phenological stages were determined from before opening up to browning phase of stigma. Duration of pollen shedding, stigma receptivity and climatic factors were measured. The relative time of flowering between cultivars varied from year to year. The data indicate, the thermal variation strongly contributes to significant differences in duration of stigma viability, although there wasn't a significant difference between cultivars in anther dehiscence period. Phenological stages of flowers are highly affected by meteorological factors in various years.

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Effect on Yield and Incidence of Blossom-end Rot of Foliar Application of Calcium Products on Tomato Cultivated in Saline Conditions

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.475e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 475E-475

Author(s):

J.A. Franco ◽

P.J. Pérez-Saura ◽

A. Durán

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Saline Water ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blossom End Rot ◽

Total Free Amino Acids ◽

The Difference ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

And Control

The appearance of blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato is related to a decrease in the absorption and translocation of Ca due to excessive salinity in the soil solution. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium nitrate (NT), EDTA-Ca (ED) and Aminoquelant-Ca (AQ)—a product containing Ca, B and protein hydrolisate—on the yield and incidence of BER when applied to the leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Durinta') grown in the open with a drip irrigation using saline water from a well (mean ECw 5.2 dS·m–1). The three calcium treatments and control were replicated four times, with 12 plants per replication, in a completely randomized design. Although yield per plant was higher with AQ, the difference was not statistically significant. Fewer fruit were affected by BER after treatment with ED and AQ than with NT and in the control. Leaf Ca concentration did not differ significantly between treatments. However, leaf B concentration was higher after treatment with AQ. Fruit Ca and B concentrations did not differ significantly in any treatment. The total free amino acids content in leaves was higher after AQ treatment than in the other treatments and control, although no significant difference was observed between the treatments in the fruit.

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Field Fungal Diversity in Freshly Harvested Japonica Rice

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v26i130086 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiang Dong Sun ◽

Hong Shan ◽

Jing Lan ◽

Li Li Li ◽

Hai Tao Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Diversity ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Rice Production ◽

Gibberella Zeae ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Heilongjiang Province ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Rice is a major food crop in China and Japonica rice production in Heilongjiang Province ranks No.1 in total annual rice production in the country. Rice is prone to invasion by fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi are proven to be serious threats to human health. The objective of the present study was to investigate fungal diversity of freshly harvested rice in the four main cultivation regions of Heilongjiang Province in order to find the difference of dominant fungi among the four regions. Through high throughput sequencing we detected Ascomycota accounts for absolute dominant phylum; Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were dominant classes; Capnodiales, Hypocreales, and Pleosporales were the main orders; Cladosporiaceae, Pleosporaceae, Nectriaceae, Clavicipitaceae, Tremellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Trimorphomycetaceae, Sporidiobolaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Trichocomaceae were major family; Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Alternaria were the most abundant phylotypes at genus level; Epicoccum nigrum, Gibberella zeae, and Fusarium proliferatum were the dominant fungal species. Great fungal diversity was observed in the rice samples harvested in the four major Japonica rice-growing regions in Heilongjiang province. However, no significant difference in diversity was observed among the four regions, likely due to the relatively close geographical proximity leading to very similar climatic conditions. Since some of the fungal species produce mycotoxins, it is necessary to take precautions to ensure the rice is stored under safe conditions to prevent the production of mycotoxins. This is the first report on investigation of field fungal diversity in freshly harvested Japonica rice in Heilongjiang Province in China.

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Identifying Key Factors in Determining Disparities in Energy Consumption in China: A Household Level Analysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7149

Author(s):

Ling Yang ◽

Kai Zhao ◽

Yankai Zhao ◽

Mengyuan Zhong

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

General Social Survey ◽

Green Energy ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Household Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

With the rapid progress of socio-economic development and urbanization in China, a wide variety of literature has focused on the phenomenon of energy-consumption disparity, which in turn could be related to numerous fundamental energy dilemmas that China must deal with now or soon, including energy use inefficiency, regional energy shortage, insufficient use of green energy, etc. However, in most cases, only a tendency scenario is discussed, while identifying which factors are more likely to affect the improvement of energy supply/use has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore differences in energy consumption in specific, household-level aspects. Based on the information provided by Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS2015), the Gini coefficient and the Lorentz asymmetry coefficient are used to measure the difference among various categories of energy type and end use within and between different geographical sub-groups. The findings show that: (1) household energy-consumption behaviors exhibit a complicated effect on the overall level of energy-consumption difference; (2) from the supply side, energy users show the most significant difference in biomass energy consumption, while from the demand side, the contribution of space heating to the difference in total energy consumption is the highest; (3) a great urban–rural difference in energy consumption is generally observed with its difference within rural areas being much greater than in urban areas; (4) the eastern, middle and western regions weight differently in explaining the overall difference of energy consumption. These findings provide meaningful materials and references for policymakers in China to understand the overall situation of individual energy consumption to a great extent, and to locate key points to reform the current energy policy framework.

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The Impact of External Shading Design on the Building Energy Consumption

10.20944/preprints201710.0079.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Eskandari ◽

Mehdi Saedvandi ◽

Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Energy ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Thermal Loads ◽

Islamic Architecture ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Dry Climates ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Climates

In this paper, the effect of an exterior shading element (Iwan) on energy consumption in four different climatic regions, and for different geographical directions, has been investigated numerically and experimentally. By applying different materials and techniques and creating various elements and spaces, architects make hard climatic conditions more tolerable for residents. Iwan is one of the cooling elements which is used in different forms and dimensions in the Islamic architecture. In the present research, Iwan has been introduced as a climatic element in traditional and contemporary architectures and its role in reducing the energy consumption in buildings has been studied. In this respect, first, the thermal loads of a building without Iwan are computed by means of EnergyPlus software. Then, four different forms of Iwan are added to the above-mentioned structure along the four principal geographical directions, and the effect of Iwan on the reduction of thermal loads is analyzed for four different climates. Finally, the design parameters of Iwan, in terms of depth and form, that can help reduce the thermal loads in different climatic conditions are presented. The results show that the best position for using an Iwan is the south direction and the use of Iwan in temperate & humid, hot & humid, cold & mountainous and hot & dry climates could reduce the energy consumption in buildings by 32%, 26%, 14%, and 29%, respectively.

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Experimental Validation of a Low-Energy-Consumption Heating Model for Recirculating Aquaponic Systems

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13081958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1958

Author(s):

Anh Tuan Le ◽

Liang Wang ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Ngoc Tuan Vu ◽

Daoliang Li

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

The Difference ◽

Fish Tank ◽

Tank Water

Electrical energy is the highest energetic cost in recirculation aquaponic systems (RASs), especially for fish-tank water. Therefore, reducing energy consumption is one of the challenges in developing RAS models. In this study, eleven experimental setups, based on numerical models from an earlier investigator, were built to investigate. Among them, three additional cases (cases 9–11) investigated the transient discharging energy efficiency of thermal energy storage (TES). Cases 9–11 considered three temperature levels, namely, 65–75 °C, 71–81 °C, and 81–87 °C, with a mass flow rate of 0.166 kg/s. The results show that when heating 3.4 m3 of fish tank water from 24.5 °C to 28 °C, the average temperature error of the tank water was between 1.2% and 3.4%. The difference in the heat transfer rate was within ±4.2%. The error in the thermal efficiency was below 8.0%. The error range of the total required thermal energy was from 6.4% to 11.5%. Cases 9–11 used 5.6%, 6.4%, and 7.2% of the thermal energy of the TES tank, respectively. The electrical energy consumption was low compared to the thermal energy of the fish tank water received from the TES unit. Therefore, the proposed low-energy-consumption heating method can replace electric heaters.

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