scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSTION OF TAURUS FIR (Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica) OLEORESIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayben Kilic Pekgözlü ◽  
Esra Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Unsaponified Fraction

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of both turpintine and colophony parts of Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica (Taurus fir) oleoresin collected from Mersin-Turkey. Colophony of taurus fir was not performed before. Hydro-distillation was applied for the separation of turpentine and colophony. Samples were analyzed separately by FID-GC and GC-MS. The yield of oleoresin was 14,3 % turpentine and 82,5 % colophony. Fourty-six compounds were found in the turpentine where α-pinene (81,2 %) was the major compound with β-pinene (12,6 %). However, in the colophony abietane type resin acids were forming the main group (abietic 46,8%, neoabietic 29,5%). Resin hydrocarbons and terpenes were identified in the unsaponified fraction of colophony of Taurus fir. High α-pinene and abietic acid contents make this oleoresin to be used in pharmacy and chemical industries.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Natural Colophony from Pinus Brutia and Comparison with Synthetic Colophony

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet C. Gören ◽  
Gökhan Bilsel ◽  
Alp Hakan Öztürk ◽  
Gulaçtı Topçu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Neoabietic Acid ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Main Components

The compositions of colophony resins obtained from Pinus brutia Ten trees by three different methods (acid paste, carved hole and scraping) from Ayvacık, Gökova and Kemalpaşa in Turkey were analyzed by capillary GC-MS. The main components were the monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, and Δ3-carene, and the diterpenic resin acids palustric, abietic, kaur-9(11)-16-en-18-oic and neoabietic acid. The synthetic colophony resins exhibited similar contents to those of the natural resins obtained from the Gökova and Kemalpaşa regions of Turkey. However, colophony resins from Ayvacık exhibited only half the diterpenic acid content as those of the Gökova and Kemalpaşa resins. Out of the three techniques, the carved hole method caused rather different percentages in the constituents of the essential oils.

scholarly journals CXXVI.—The resin acids of the Coniferæ. Part I. The constitution of abietic acid

1904 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
pp. 1238-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hill Easterfield ◽  
George Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acids

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Lipophilic Bark Extracts from Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea Cultivated in Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana L. C. Sousa ◽  
Patrícia A. B. Ramos ◽  
Carmen S. R. Freire ◽  
Artur M. S. Silva ◽  
Armando J. D. Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pinus Pinea ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Micro Organisms

The chemical composition of lipophilic bark extracts from Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea cultivated in Portugal was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diterpenic resin acids were found to be the main components of these lipophilic extracts, ranging from 0.96 g kg−1 dw in P. pinea bark to 2.35 g kg−1 dw in P. pinaster bark. In particular, dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is the major constituent of both P. pinea and P. pinaster lipophilic fractions, accounting for 0.45 g kg−1 dw and 0.95 g kg−1 dw, respectively. Interestingly, many oxidized compounds were identified in the studied lipophilic extracts, including DHAA-oxidized derivatives (7-oxo-DHAA, 7α/β-hydroxy-DHAA, and 15-hydroxy-DHAA, among others) and also terpin (an oxidized monoterpene). These compounds are not naturally occurring compounds, and their formation might occur by the exposure of the bark to light and oxygen from the air, and the action of micro-organisms. Some of these compounds have not been previously reported as lipophilic constituents of the bark of the referred pine species. Other constituents, such as aromatic compounds, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and sterols, are also present in the studied extracts. These results can represent an opportunity to valorize P. pinaster and P. pinea by-products as a primary source of the bioactive resin acids that are integrated into the current uses of these species.

Laboratory and outdoor water repellency and dimensional stability of southern pine sapwood treated with a waterborne water repellent made from resin acids

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor P. Schultz ◽  
Darrel D. Nicholas ◽  
Leonard L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Tree

Abstract A major consumer concern regarding lumber in above-ground exposure such as decking is the poor dimensional stability that leads to warping, splitting, and checking. One method to increase dimensional stability is to treat lumber with a water repellent. A waterborne water repellent made from the resin acid abietic acid or a commercial source of resin acids, tall oil rosin or TOR, was tested using southern pine sapwood. In laboratory water-swelling tests, the waterborne abietic acid provided water repellency that was almost equivalent to that provided by wax, while no water repellency was observed with solventborne resin acid. Wood treated with waterborne TOR also provided good water repellency in laboratory tests and fair water repellency at up to 13 months of outdoor exposure, but the laboratory efficacy was partially reduced by a water leach. The dimensional stability (cupping and checking) and mold growth on TOR-treated lumber in above-ground exterior exposure was better than for untreated boards, but not as good as for wax-treated lumber. Analysis of the wood in southern pine tree trunks of 14 or 29 years of age of various diameters and sampled at the bottom, middle and top showed that the resin acid content in southern pine wood is quite variable. This may explain the wide variation in natural water repellency and decay resistance previously observed with untreated southern pine sapwood.

Differences in Resin Acid Concentration between Brown-Rot Resistant and Susceptible Scots Pine Heartwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harju ◽  
P. Kainulainen ◽  
M. Venäläinen ◽  
M. Tiitta ◽  
H. Viitanen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties

Summary The concentration of individual resin acids and the equilibrium moisture content at a relative humidity of 100% were studied in brown-rot resistant and susceptible Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood. About 90% of the resin acids in the heartwood were of the abietane type, abietic acid being the most abundant. The concentration of resin acids was higher in the decay-resistant heartwood than in the decay-susceptible heartwood. Resin acids are presumably in part responsible for the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood. However, no clear relationship was found between the concentration of resin acids and the equilibrium moisture content. The role of resin acids may also be ascribed to mechanisms other than their hydrophobic properties alone. The reasons for the slight differences in moisture content between the decay classes require further study.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis of Aroma of Medemia argun (Mama-n-Khanen or Mama-n-Xanin), an Ancient Egyptian Fruit Palm

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafa I. Hamed ◽  
Michele Leonardi ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Wieslaw Oleszek ◽  
Luisa Pistelli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Main Group ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Ms Analysis

The fruits of the edible and medicinal Egyptian palm, Medemia argun, were collected from Aswan in Egypt and the essential oil (EO) from fruits and headspace (HS) of the seeds and fleshy mesocarps were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Results obtained by GC-MS analysis indicated a high variability in the oil and in the headspace from seeds and mesocarps. Sesquiterpene derivatives were the main group of volatiles in the EO from fruits and in the HS from seeds (45.0 and 64.0%, respectively), while oxygenated hydrocarbon derivatives were the main constituents in the HS obtained from fleshy mesocarps (96.5%). The different chemical composition of the headspace obtained from the seeds and mesocarps of M. argun can be correlated with the different roles that the different constituents play in the prevention of dehydration of the fruits in the desert region from where the plant was collected.

Cationic emulsions of maleic anhydride derivatives of oleic acid and abietic acid for hydrophobic sizing of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
MARTIN A. HUBBE ◽  
LOKENDRA PAL ◽  
AHSEN EZEL BILDIK DAL
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Sizing Agents

Ordinary rosin sizing agents are mixtures of resin acids that include abietic acid and related com-pounds obtained from softwoods such as pine. Fatty acids, which are another byproduct of the kraft pulping of soft-wood species, also may have hydrophobic effects, but their use as sizing agents has seldom been considered. In the current study, abietic acid and oleic acid, in the absence of other components, were first modified by reaction with maleic acid anhydride. Then, the maleated derivatives (maleated oleic acid [MOA] and maleated abietic acid [MAA]), which were emulsified with cationic starch at the 1:1 and 3:2 ratio, respectively, were added to fiber furnish containing aluminum sulfate (papermaker’s alum). The prepared sheets were dried with a rotating drum on one side at 100°C at low pressure to cure the sizing agents. The chemical, optical strength, and absorption properties were measured. The presence of the sizing material was confirmed using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and the retention of the sizing agent on fibers was supported by evidence of hydrocarbons on the paper surface. In addition to achieving sufficient water resistance features with MAA, a lesser hydrophobic character was obtained when using MOA. Compared to commercial applications, relatively large amounts of sizing agent were used to obtain a sufficient sizing degree. The MOA required 5% addition to achieve a similar sizing degree as MAA at the 2% level. The sizing treatments also resulted in substantial increases in tensile index value. Since cationic starch was used in the formulation of the sizing agents, the increase in tensile index may have been due to the influence of cationic starch. Contributions to paper strength from a combination of ionic complexation and mutual association of hydrophobic groups is also proposed. Depending on the amount of sizing agent, the yellowness increased, especial-ly when sizing with MOA.

Cytotoxicity and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Natural Rosin Abietane Diterpenoids and their Synthetic Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (36) ◽  
pp. 4362-4375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Faustino ◽  
Íris Neto ◽  
Pedro Fonte ◽  
Ana Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Abietic Acid ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Abietane Diterpenoids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents currently used in cancer treatment are associated with severe side effects and development of resistance. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel and more potent anticancer drugs with high selectivity for tumor cells and reduced toxicity to normal tissue. Natural products remain an important source of bioactive compounds and drug prototypes that can lead to new and more effective antitumor agents. Coniferous plants are rich in abietane diterpenoids with a wide range of biological activities that provide useful templates for synthetic modification. Abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid (DHA), the major diterpenic resin acids from Pinus rosin, and dehydroabietylamine found in commercial disproportionated rosin amine, display antibacterial and antitumor properties. These compounds and their synthetic derivatives have been reported as promising anticancer agents with potent growth inhibitory activity against several types of human cancer cell lines, including breast, ovarian, prostate, colon, liver, lung and cervical carcinoma cells. Their mechanisms of action are diverse and include DNA binding, induction of apoptosis or oncosis, tubulin polymerization inhibition and disruption of intracellular cholesterol transport. This review covers the main aspects of natural rosin abietane diterpenoids (abietic acid, DHA and DHAA) and synthetic derivatives concerning their anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and antitumor activities, mechanisms of action and structure- activity relationships relevant for the development of novel anticancer agents for cancer chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Larch Wood Residues Valorization through Extraction and Utilization of High Value-Added Products

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Wagner ◽  
Maurizio Musso ◽  
Stefan Kain ◽  
Stefan Willför ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Insight Into

Many of current bio-based materials are not fully or partly used for material utilization, as the composition of their raw materials and/or possible applications are unknown. This study deals with the analysis of the wood extractives from three different tissue of larch wood: Sapwood mainly from outer part of the log, and sound knotwood as well as dead knotwood. The extractions were performed with an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) using hexane and acetone/water. The obtained extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three various vibrational spectroscopy (FT-RAMAN, FT-IR and FT-NIR) methods reflect the information from the extracts to the chemical composition of the types of wood before the extraction processes. Multivariate data analysis of the spectra was used to obtain a better insight into possible classification methods. Taxifolin and kaempferol were found in larger amount in sound knotwood samples compared to larch wood with high percentage of sapwood and dead knotwood samples. While the extractions of dead knotwood samples yielded more larixol and resin acids than the other larch wood samples used. Based on the chemical composition, three lead compounds were defined for the classification of the different wood raw materials. The vibrational spectroscopy methods were applied to show their potential for a possible distinction of the three types of larch wood tissue. This new insight into the different larch wood extracts will help in the current efforts to use more environmentally friendly raw materials for innovative applications. The connection between the raw materials and extraction yields of the target values is important to transform the results from the laboratory to industry and consumer applications.

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