scholarly journals Larch Wood Residues Valorization through Extraction and Utilization of High Value-Added Products

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Wagner ◽  
Maurizio Musso ◽  
Stefan Kain ◽  
Stefan Willför ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Insight Into

Many of current bio-based materials are not fully or partly used for material utilization, as the composition of their raw materials and/or possible applications are unknown. This study deals with the analysis of the wood extractives from three different tissue of larch wood: Sapwood mainly from outer part of the log, and sound knotwood as well as dead knotwood. The extractions were performed with an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) using hexane and acetone/water. The obtained extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three various vibrational spectroscopy (FT-RAMAN, FT-IR and FT-NIR) methods reflect the information from the extracts to the chemical composition of the types of wood before the extraction processes. Multivariate data analysis of the spectra was used to obtain a better insight into possible classification methods. Taxifolin and kaempferol were found in larger amount in sound knotwood samples compared to larch wood with high percentage of sapwood and dead knotwood samples. While the extractions of dead knotwood samples yielded more larixol and resin acids than the other larch wood samples used. Based on the chemical composition, three lead compounds were defined for the classification of the different wood raw materials. The vibrational spectroscopy methods were applied to show their potential for a possible distinction of the three types of larch wood tissue. This new insight into the different larch wood extracts will help in the current efforts to use more environmentally friendly raw materials for innovative applications. The connection between the raw materials and extraction yields of the target values is important to transform the results from the laboratory to industry and consumer applications.

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

scholarly journals An Insight into Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Optimization with the Combination of Hydrothermal (HT) and Biological Techniques: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Nalok Dutta ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Gang Luo ◽  
Shicheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biomass Valorization ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Insight Into

Biomass valorization plays a significant role in the production of biofuels and various value-added biochemicals, in addition to lowering greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of biorefining methods, hydrothermal (HT) and biological techniques have demonstrated the capability of valorizing biomass raw materials to yield value added end-products. An inter-disciplinary bio-economical approach is capable of optimizing biomass’s total potential in terms of environmental perspective and circular bioeconomy standpoint. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of combinatorial HT and biological techniques to maximize biomass value, which includes biological valorization following HT pretreatment and HT valorization of lignocellulosic substrates emanating from biocatalytic hydrolysis/anaerobic digestion and/or pretreated food waste for the ultimate yield of biogas/biochar and biocrude. In this study, we discuss recent advances regarding HT and biological treatment conditions, synergies between the two technologies, and optimal performance. Additionally, energy balances and economic feasibility assessments of alternative integrated solutions reported in previous studies are compared. Furthermore, we conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities involved in integrating HT and biologicals methods toward complete biomass utilization.

scholarly journals Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Chitin Biomass: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Dongsheng Shen ◽  
Wenjing Lu ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Meizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Pretreatment Technology ◽  
Insight Into

Chitin biomass, a rich renewable resource, is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide after cellulose. Conversion of chitin biomass to high value-added chemicals can play a significant role in alleviating the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this review, the recent achievements in converting chitin biomass to high-value chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), under different conditions using chitin, chitosan, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine as raw materials are summarized. Related research on pretreatment technology of chitin biomass is also discussed. New approaches for transformation of chitin biomass to HMF are also proposed. This review promotes the development of industrial technologies for degradation of chitin biomass and preparation of HMF. It also provides insight into a sustainable future in terms of renewable resources.

scholarly journals Melting Process and Viscosity of Bohemian Historical Glasses Studied on Model Glasses

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Kristýna Jílková ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
František Lahodný ◽  
Dagmar Galusková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Dilatation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Insight Into

Analyzing the chemical composition of archaeological glasses can provide an insight into their provenance and raw materials used in their making. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the historical production process itself and melting characteristics of the glasses have not yet been extensively investigated. The main focus of this paper is to describe the melting process of three main types of Bohemian historical glasses: Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.); Renaissance (16th–17th c.); and Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.). The model glasses were prepared from natural raw materials and processes that take place during melting were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, and DTA-TG methods. Furthermore, the viscosity of model glasses and thermal dilatation was measured and used to calculate the reference viscosity points. The results illustrate the complexity of historical glass melting, as well as the technological progress between different periods.

scholarly journals Increased Value Added of Tuna Flakes (By-Product) from Steak Processing Through Development of Halal Commercial Food Products (Tuna Topping Spaghetti)

2021 ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Latif Sahubawa ◽  
Ustadi ◽  
Leni Sophia Heliana ◽  
Rosdiana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Materials Used

Yellowfin tuna is one of Indonesia's main export commodities, its meat contains high protein and can be processed into a variety of commercial food products. In the processing of loin, fillet and tuna steak, ± 10% of flaked meat is produced which can be used for processing commercial products. Spaghetti is one of the commercial products that is easily processed with raw materials and additives that are cheap and easy to obtain as well as halal and thoyib. The raw materials used are tuna flakes, spaghetti noodles and seasonings. The research objective was to analyze the chemical composition of tuna flakes and tuna topping spaghetti as well as the added value and level of consumer preference. This research uses laboratory methods, the percentage of additional selling value and consumer preferences. Proximate chemical composition of tuna flakes, namely: water content (74.80 - 75.25%); protein (16.35 - 17.00%); fat (1.43 - 1.50%); minerals (5.38 - 5.45%); carbohydrates (0.65 - 0.80%). Chemical composition of tuna topping spaghetti, namely: water content (62.73 - 69.13%); protein (7.08 - 8.34%); fat (0.42 - 0.76%); minerals/ash (0.93 - 1.16%) and carbohydrates (24.41 - 25.54%). The added value of tuna flakes in the processing of tuna topping spaghetti for two packages of spaghetti noodles (18 portions) is Rp. 147,355 (80.79%). The level of consumer preference (25 panelists) towards the visual value of tuna topping spaghetti is “very like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%); smell values, namely "really like" (72.0%) and "like" (28%); the value of taste, namely "really like" (80.0%) and "like" (20%); Texture values are “really like” (80.0%) and “like” (20%) and taste values are “really like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%).

PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Missing Value ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

Natural radionuclides 238U, 226RA, AND 222RN in the surface water of the ELKONSKY uranium-ore district (South Yakutiya)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-620
Author(s):  
A. P. Chevychelov ◽  
P. I. Sobakin ◽  
L. I. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Uranium Ore ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Ore District

Chemical composition of the surface water and the contents of the radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, and 222Rn in water was examined within the natural and man-made landscapes of South Yakutiya. It was demonstrated that intense water migration of these radionuclides from radioactive dump pits of the man-made landscapes of the Elkonsky uranium-ore district, which were created during the process of wide-scale exploration surveys for radioactive raw materials conducted during the last third of the 20th century, had occurred. Currently, the areas of water dissipation of 238U and 226Ra are detected at a distances of 2 km and greater from the source of the radioactive contamination along the outflow vector.

scholarly journals Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansureh Ghavam ◽  
Afsaneh Afzali ◽  
Maria Manconi ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Maria Letizia Manca
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

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