Diversity of yam bean ( Pachyrhizus spp. Fabaceae) based on morphoagronomic traits in the Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACT Yam bean is a non-conventional horticultural crop adapted to the Amazon region. It presents edible roots, yet, its seeds contain cytotoxic components such as rotenone and pachyrhizin. The Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia has 64 yam bean genotypes in its germplasm bank, however, their diversity is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of these genotypes using 10 morphoagronomic traits, plant height, number of secondary branches, shoot biomass, stem diameter, root biomass, number, length, diameter, length/diameter ratio (L/D), and shape. The accessions were planted on non-flooded land, Manaus, Amazonas (02º 59'48.2''S and 60º 01' 22.4''W) in completely randomized design with three replicates and three plants per plot spaced 0.5 x 1 m. The results showed significant diversity for all characters except for stem diameter and visual assessment of root shape. Biplot graphic explained 60% of the total variation, which identified that genotypes P44, P22 and P18 have high values for root yield (80-108 t ha-1), number of secondary branches (15-31) and shoot biomass (0.5-0.8 kg plant-1). Cluster analysis, considering 50% of relative Euclidean distance, revealed 15 major groups. We conclude that the genotypes assessed have wide diversity and some of them high root yield potential. This suggests that a yam bean breeding program can be successful for the yield of roots and seeds in the Amazonian region.

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MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA GENOTYPES TO IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n421rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1008

Author(s):

JOÃO PEDRO ALVES DE AQUINO ◽

ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA ◽

FRANCISCO DE ALCÂNTARA NETO ◽

CARLOS JOSÉ GONCALVES DE SOUZA LIMA ◽

RAYLSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Water Salt ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.

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Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C. ALVES ◽

L. GALON ◽

R.R. KAIZER ◽

F.L. WINTER ◽

C.M. HOLZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Species ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

F Test ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

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Phenology of African mahogany plants submitted to irrigation

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v8i2.1301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Derblai Casaroli ◽

Flávio De Oliveira Rosa ◽

José Alves Júnior ◽

Adão Wagner Pêgo Evangelista

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Forest Species ◽

Drought Period ◽

African Mahogany ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Times

In the searching of forest species with good wood quality, easy adaptability and high commercial value, the African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis Chev. A.) have been a good alternative. This study aimed evaluate the phenometric responses of African Mahogany submitted to irrigation. The field experiment was carried out in Bonfinópolis-GO, Brazil, with young plants of African mahogany, being 5 irrigated and 5 non-irrigated. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem heigh, number of leaves and leaflets, stem diameter and leaf area. A completely randomized design was used in a bi-factorial scheme 2x9 (A: irrigated and non-irrigated; D: 0, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540 days after transplanting). All the variables showed significant differences not only for irrigated and non-irrigated treatments but also for the times of evaluation, except for stem diameter. Irrigation resulted in higher growth of plants and the irrigation of young African mahogany plants should be used mainly in drought period.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa Dan Pupuk Kompos Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L)

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Hairin Juanda ◽

Tutik Nugrahini ◽

Mahdalena Mahdalena

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Effect of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Compost Fertilizer on Kenaf Plant Growth (Hibiscus cannabinus L). This study aims to determine the effect of NASA POC, compost fertilizer and the interaction of NASA POC and compost fertilizer on kenaf plants. This research was carried out at East Borneo Samarinda Indonesia. with a time of ± 4 months, starting from June to September 2016. The design of the study uses factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consists of 2 factors. The first factor is the administration of NASA POC consisting of 4 levels, namely: j0: Control (without treatment), j1: POC with a concentration of 10 ml / liter of water, j2: POC with a concentration of 15 ml / liter of water, j3: POC with a concentration of 20 ml / liter of water. The second factor is Compost fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely: k0: Without the provision of Compost Fertilizer, k1: Composting 500 gram / polybag, k2: Composting Fertilizer 700 grams / polybag, k3: Composting 800 grams / polybag. From the analysis of variance showed that the effect of giving NASA POC (J), compost (K) and the interaction of NASA POC and compost (JK) did not affect the parameters of plant height 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, stem diameter 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, number of leaves 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, leaf area 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP.

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PENGARUH KOMBINASI DOSIS PEMUPUKAN KOMPOS ORGANIK DAN PENAMBAHAN AZOLLA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT RAJA

JURNAL SAINS PETERNAKAN NUSANTARA ◽

10.53863/jspn.v1i01.201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Adi Fathul Qohar ◽

Eko Hendarto ◽

Munasik ◽

Nur Hidayat ◽

Bahrun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Cattle Dung ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Grass Growth ◽

Organic Compost

ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan metode eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kombinasi dosis pemupukan kompos organik dan penambahan azolla terhadap pertumbuhan rumput raja (Pennisetum purpureophoides). Penelitian telah dilakukan pada tanggal 1 April sampai 30 September 2020 terletak di lahan pertanian, Desa Beji, Kecamatan Kedungbanteng, Kabupaten Banyumas. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk kompos organik yakni 10, 20, dan 30 ton ha-1, dan penambahan azolla yakni 10, 20, 30 persen dari faktor pertama sehingga dihasilkan 9 kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga menghasilkan 27 satuan percobaan. Tanaman rumput raja pada pemotongan kedua ditanam pada lahan seluas 400 meter persegi dengan jarak tanam 80 x 40 cm. Pupuk kompos organik yang digunakan berasal dari kotoran sapi potong yang telah selesai proses pengomposan, dan azolla berasal dari lahan persawahan. Parameter penelitian yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, dan diameter batang yang diukur pada hari ke 14, 28, dan 42 hari. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji orthogonal polinomial. Hasil menunjukan bahwa pemberian dosis kompos berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, sedangkan pemberian pupuk azolla juga berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, akan tetapi interaksi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05). Pemberian dosis pupuk kompos organik dapat digunakan untuk mencapat pertumbuhan rumput raja yang terbaik sebesar 30 ton ha-1 dan penambahan azolla sebesar 30 persen dari dosis pupuk organik. Kata kunci: Azolla, Kompos, Pertumbuhan, Rumput Raja ABSTRACT Research with experimental method aims to examine the effect of combination dose of organic compost fertilization and the addition of Azolla on the growth of king grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides). From April 1 to September 30, 2020, research was conducted on agricultural land, Beji Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency. The experiment used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern with the first factor being the dose of organic compost, namely 10, 20, and 30 tons ha-1, and the addition of Azolla, namely 10, 20, 30 percent of the first factor, resulting in 9 treatment combinations. Each treatment combination was repeated three times to produce 27 experimental units. The king grass plant in the second cutting was planted on ??400 square meters with a spacing of 80 x 40 cm. The organic compost used is derived from beef cattle dung that has finished the composting process, and Azolla comes from rice fields. Research parameters measured were plant height and stem diameter measured on days 14, 28, and 42 days. The data that had been obtained were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the dose of compost had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height and stem diameter, while the application of Azolla fertilizer also had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on plant height and stem diameter, but the interaction had no effect significant (P>0.05). Dosage of organic compost can be used to achieve the best king grass growth of 30 tons ha-1 and the addition of Azolla by 30 percent of the dose of organic fertilizer. Keywords: Azolla, Compost, Growth, King Grass

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Seleksi Mutan Tanaman Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) Tahan Kutu Loncat terhadap Lingkungan Kering pada Rumah Kaca

Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan ◽

10.29244/jintp.19.3.90-94 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

Rini Anggriani ◽

P D M H Karti ◽

I Prihantoro

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Acid Stress ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Drought Resistant ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Sources ◽

Different Levels

Forage is the main source of feed for ruminants. Forage consists of two types, namely grass and legumes. Leguminosa is a type of forage as a source of protein. One type of legume that is well known by breeders in Indonesia is lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba). This study was aimed to produce candidate mutants of lamtoro drought resistant to acid stress conditions. The experiment in this study used an unbalanced completely randomized design with 6 treatments of 740 different replications based on different sources of lamtoro plant mutants at different levels (P0: 0 n= 89, P1: 100 gy n= 82, P2: 200 gy n= 153, P3:300 gy n=120, P4: 400 gy n= 244, P5: 500 gy n= 52). Variables observed included plant height, number of stalks, leaf loss and stem diameter. The results showed that lamtoro plants irradiated with gamma rays at a level of 200 gy-500 gy were significantly higher than 100 gy irradiation at 10 and 12 days watering, but the diameter of the plants was larger at 100 gy irradiation. It can be watering intervals of 10 days and 12 days on the parameters of height and stem diameter showed that gamma rays irradiation of 400 gy resulted in dry-resistant lamtoro mutant candidates under acid stress condition. Key words: gamma rays, lamtoro mutant, watering interval

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MANAGEMENT OF VOLUNTEER CASTOR BEAN IN THE GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEAN CROP

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340300015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 545-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V.S. ROCHA ◽

A.G.F. COSTA ◽

D.M.B.M. TROVÃO ◽

J.H. ZONTA ◽

V. SOFIATTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Root Volume ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the management of volunteer castor bean with herbicide applications used in pre and post-seeding of soybean crop resistant to glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment corresponded to applications of desiccation with treatments: glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 670 g ha-1); glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethtyl (1,080 + 20 g ha-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin (1,080 + 25 g ha-1); glyphosate + saflufenacil (1,080 + 35 g ha-1); glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl (1,080 + 12.5 g ha-1); diuron + paraquat (300 + 600 g ha-1); and the control without application. In the second experiment, the treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, 2,880 and 5,760 g ha-1 of glyphosate for applications in post-emergence in soybean RR. The applications took place when the castor bean plant had four to six true leaves. The evaluations done in both experiments were: control and plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); and stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry mass of shoots and roots at 21 DAA. The treatments with diuron + paraquat and glyphosate associated with 2,4-D, carfentrazoneethyl, flumioxazin or saflufenacil are more efficient for castor bean control in desiccation in pre-seeding of soybean. Glyphosate doses from 720 g ha-1 are effective to control castor bean in post-emergence of the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop.

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APPLICATION OF GAHARU-C FORMULATION (ORGANIC AND INORGANIC) FERTILIZER ON AGARWOOD PLANT AT SPECIFIC LOCATION IN TABANAN REGENCY

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.24843/ijbb.2019.v06.i02.p06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

I Made Mega ◽

A.A. Nyoman Supadma

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Resin Content ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Location Factors ◽

Specific Location ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This study aim is to determine the effect of the application of Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation of sapwood formed on agarwood plants at three specific locations in Tabanan Regency. This research is a factorial experiment with basic CRD design (completely randomized design). The first factor is location specific consisting of 3 location namely: Pupuan Subdistrict (Pu), Penebel Subdistrict (Pnl), and District of East Selemadeg (Sl). The second factor was the treatment of the Gaharu-C formula fertilizer consisting of 2 ie: 0 (without fertilizer), and C (Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation: 100 g urea + 100 g SP-36 + 100 g KCl) + (7.5 kg compost ) + (75 g dolomite) per tree), each treatment replicated three times. Number of plants used as many as 18 trees. Parameters observed included increased stem diameter, sapwood color, weight of sapwood, resin content and soil chemical properties data. Data analysis used variance analysis and LCD test (?= 0.05). The results showed that specific-location factors had significant effect on increasing stem diameter. However, had no significant effect on the color of sapwood, sapwood weight and resin level of sapwood. The fertilizer factor of Gaharu-C formula has no significant effect on all parameters observed. The highest increase of stem diameter was obtained at Pupuan location (0.40 cm), followed by East Selemadeg (0.32 cm), and the lowest Penebel (0.15 cm). The weight of sapwood and the highest resin content was obtained at the Sl C treatment of 5.34 g and 6.43%. The best application of Gaharu-C fertilizer formulation is in East Selemadeg Subdistrict.

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Genetic Variability and Heritability Estimates of Growth and Yield Component of Curly Chili Pepper

Akta Agrosia ◽

10.31186/aa.20.2.48-53 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Rayuli Anira ◽

Catur Herison ◽

Dotti Suryati

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Yield Component ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

Fruit Diameter

Success in a breeding program is primarily determined by the availability of information about the genetic diversity of the genetic material used and the expected heritability of the character to be improved. The objective of this study was to determine genetic diversity and heritability of growth and yield components of 10 curly chili genotypes. This research was conducted in September 2015 - February 2016 in the Medan Baru field experiment of Faculty of Agriculture at Kandang Limun Village, Muara Bangkahulu Subdistrict, Bengkulu City. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten genotypes and six replications. The genotypes used were Local Payakumbuh, Ferosa, Laris, Kopay, Romario, Keriting Hitam, Local Curup, Bogota, Sempurna and Mario. The results showed that genetic diversity of the ten varieties was narrow based on plant height variables, dichotomous height, stem diameter, flowering age, harvest age, fruit length, fruit diameter, weight per fruit and number of fruits. Stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter and weight per fruit had moderate heritability estimates; meanwhile, anthesis and number of fruits showed low heritability.

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Effect of Urea and SP-36 on the Growth of Grafted Rubber Seedling (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) Clone PB 260

AGRIFOR ◽

10.31293/af.v18i1.4112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Helilinawati Helilinawati ◽

Hery Sutejo ◽

Abdul Fatah

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Seedling Height ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Four Levels ◽

The Village

The aim of research to determine the effect of urea and SP-36 fertilizer as well as their interaction on the graftedrubber seedling growth, and to find appropriate doses of urea and SP-36 fertilizers for better growth of grafted rubber seedlings.The research was conducted from February 2015 until May 2015 in the village of Empas, Sub District of Melak, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province.The study design used was completely randomized design (CRD) in a factorial 4 x 4, and repeat 3 times, which comprises two factors research. The first factor was Urea (N), consisted of four levels, namely: no urea application or control (n0), 2,5g/polybag (n1), 5g/polybag (n2), and 7,5g/polybag (n3). The second factor was SP-36 fertilizer (P), consisting of 4 levels, namely: no SP-36 fertilizers application or control (p0), 2,5g/polybag (p1), 5g/polybag (p2), and 7,5g/polybag (p3).The results showed that the treatment of urea (N) affects highly significant on the plant height at ages of 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, number of leaf at 4 months after grafting and stem diameter at 3 and 4 months after grafting. It affected significantly on the number of leaf at 3 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the number of leaf at 2 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 months after grafting.SP-36 fertilizer treatments (P) affected very significantlyon the stem diameter at 3 and 4 months after grafting. It affected significantly on the plant height at 4 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the seedling height at 2 and 3 months after grafting, number of leaves at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 months after grafting.The interaction treatment (NXP) affected significantly on the stem diameter at 4 months after grafting. But it did not affect significantly on the seedling height at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, number of leaves at 2, 3 and 4 months after grafting, and stem diameter at 2 and 3 months after grafting

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