Dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren: multilevel analysis of individual and school environment factors in Goiânia

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental caries index among 12-year-old schoolchildren and individual and contextual factors related to the schools in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,075 schoolchildren using the 2010 National Survey of Oral Health methodology. The dependent variable was the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the independent variables were individual (sex, race, and maternal education) and contextual ones (type of school, health district, and the presence of oral programs). Multilevel analysis and log-linear negative binominal regression were performed, considering the complex sampling design. Mean DMFT index was 1.51. Female students, whose mothers had lower schooling, those attending public schools, located in districts with the worst socioeconomic indicators, and covered by the Family Health Strategy had higher caries levels. The dental caries index was low and associated with the schoolchildren sociodemographic characteristics and factors related to the schools, showing inequalities in distribution.

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Dental caries and the nutritional status of preschool children: a spatial analysis

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/s1413-81232011001100021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 4161-4168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos ◽

Edson Augusto Melanda ◽

Juliana da Silva Antunes ◽

Ana Lígia Rozato Foschini

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reference Points ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regionalized Variables ◽

Dmft Index

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study sought to conduct a spatially analysis of the distribution of dental caries and the nutritional status (NS) of 5-year-old preschool children of public schools in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The sample was selected in a stratified probabilistic manner. A dental examination was conducted to investigate the dmft index. The anthropometric indicators of the weight/height (W/H), height/age (H/A), weight/age (W/A) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated to estimate the NS. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted and a thematic map was created. At the end of the study 491 children had full address codification. A GPS device was used to ascertain the geographic reference points. A pluri-directional semi-variogram was elaborated. RESULTS: It was revealed that both variables presented a pure nugget effect showing the absence of a spatial correlation, in other words the dmft and nutritional status are not regionalized variables, and their values do not reveal direct spatial dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries and nutritional status are health conditions that do not reveal spatial dependence. Ultimately, the combination of these indicators with others can produce spatial dependence effects.

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Racial and regional inequalities of dental pain in adolescents: Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), 2009 to 2015

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00108620 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Francine Costa ◽

Andrea Wendt ◽

Caroline Costa ◽

Luiz Alexandre Chisini ◽

Bernardo Agostini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

National Survey ◽

School Health ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Dental Pain ◽

Northern Region ◽

School Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Over Time

Abstract: The aim of the study is: (a) investigate the racial inequalities as one specific dimension that affects dental pain in Brazilian adolescents; and (b) investigate the regional variations of dental pain. This cross-sectional study used data from Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), carried out with adolescents in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Dental pain was evaluated through the question: “Did you have dental pain in the last six months?”. The main exposures were race and Brazilian regions, used to evaluate inequalities related to the outcome. Sex, age, school type and maternal education were used as covariables. The statistical significance of the trends in dental pain was tested using linear regression. The analysis was conducted in Stata 13.0 statistical package using the svy command. The standard prevalence of dental pain was 18.8%, 21.1% and 23.7%, showing an increasing trend over time (p < 0.001). We observed absolute inequalities in dental pain related to race and regions. A higher prevalence was found in non-white girls of public schools and in the Northern Region. The indexes of inequalities increased in the group of black girls, related to an increase of dental pain predominantly in girls whose mothers had lower educational level. It was observed that the prevalence of dental pain in Brazilian adolescents increased over time as well as its inequalities, which remained in marginalized populations and linked to Brazilian regions.

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The Role of School Social Environment on Dental Caries Experience in 8- to 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children: A Multilevel Analysis

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000438832 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 548-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

María Raquel Fernández ◽

Marília L. Goettems ◽

Thiago M. Ardenghi ◽

Flávio F. Demarco ◽

Marcos Britto Correa

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Social Environment ◽

School Environment ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Aim: Although children spend most of their time involved in activities related to school, few studies have focused on the association between school social environment and oral health. This cross-sectional study assessed individual and school-related social environment correlates of dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. Methods: A sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n = 1,211) was selected. Socio-economic data were collected from parents, and data regarding children characteristics were collected from children using a questionnaire. Dental examinations were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque: dental caries experience (DMFT ≥1) and dental caries severity (mean dmf-t/DMF-T). The social school environment was assessed by a questionnaire administered to school coordinators. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between school social environment and dental caries prevalence and experience. Results: The dental caries prevalence was 32.4% (95% confidence interval: 29.7-35.2) and the mean dmf-t/DMF-T was 1.84 (standard deviation: 2.2). Multilevel models showed that the mean dmf-t/DMF-T and DMFT ≥1 were associated with lower maternal schooling and higher levels of dental plaque. For contextual variables, schools offering after-hours sports activities were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries and a lower mean of dmf-t/DMF-T, while the occurrence of violence and theft episodes was positively associated with dental caries. Conclusions: The school social environment has an influence on dental caries in children. The results suggest that strategies focused on the promotion of healthier environments should be stimulated to reduce inequalities in dental caries.

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Standard obesogenic diet: the impact on oral health in children and teenagers at the Recôncavo Baiano - Brazil

Cadernos Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1414-462x201500020038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 198-205

Author(s):

Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Silva ◽

Luce Alves da Silva ◽

Roberto Paulo Correia de Araújo ◽

Felipe Fagundes Soares ◽

Rosemeire Leovigildo Fiaccone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

School Environment ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesogenic Diet ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of dietary patterns on the occurrence of dental caries. Using a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we assessed a sample of 1.439 children aged 6-13 years who were enrolled in public schools in the municipality of São Francisco do Conde, Bahia state, Brazil. Oral examinations for dental caries were performed by two dental surgeons (Kappa = 0.72) in the school environment under natural light with the aid of a wooden spatula and gauze. Dietary intake was assessed using the qualitative-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A questionnaire on the demographic and socioeconomic conditions was applied to the families. The Poisson multivariate analysis was performed for statistical purposes. Considering both dentitions, the prevalence of caries was 82.14% and 37.3% in the permanent and deciduous dentitions, respectively. The identified dietary patterns were classified into “standard obesogenic" and "prudent." The results showed statistically significant association between the obesogenic dietary pattern and dental caries; the proportion of students with dental caries was 1.4 times higher among those who most frequently consumed foods that constitute a standard obesogenic diet (PR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.96) compared to those who less frequently consumed these types of foods. A positive association between the obesogenic dietary pattern and dental caries was found in the students investigated. Therefore, the promotion of healthy eating habits and nutritional habits should be encouraged to prevent dental caries in children and adolescents.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TROUBLE SLEEPING AND ORAL CONDITIONS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Moro ◽

Pablo Santos ◽

Angela Giacomin ◽

Mariane Cardoso ◽

Michele Bolan

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Previous History ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pufa Index ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

Oral Conditions ◽

Untreated Dental Caries

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems and its association with oral conditions in schoolchildren. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of 1,589 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years enrolled in public schools from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Non-clinical data included a questionnaire about socioeconomic indicators answered by parents/guardians. Children were questioned about whether they had trouble sleeping due to dental problems and about previous history of toothache. Clinical oral examinations were performed to evaluate dental caries - Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT/dmft index) and its clinical consequences [PUFA/pufa index: considering the presence of pulpal involvement (P/p); ulceration of tissues due to tooth fragments from decayed crowns (U/u); fistula (F/f); and abscesses (A/a), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI)]. We conducted a descriptive analysis and used adjusted logistic regression models (p<0.05; 95%CI). Results: The prevalence of trouble sleeping due to dental problems was 28%. Children with untreated dental caries (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.05-1.67) and clinical consequences from the PUFA/pufa index (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.45-2.46) had higher chances of reporting trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the children declared having trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences were associated with self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems in schoolchildren.

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Self-Reported Dental Caries by Mexican Elementary and Middle-School Schoolchildren in the Context of Socioeconomic Indicators: A National Ecological Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8040289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado ◽

Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado ◽

Mirna Minaya-Sánchez ◽

Juan Alejandro Casanova-Sarmiento ◽

José Luis Robles-Minaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle School ◽

Dental Caries ◽

School Health ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

National Surveys ◽

Socioeconomic Variables ◽

Food Purchases ◽

Mexican Children

The objective of the present research was to quantify the association between dental caries self-report and socioeconomic indicators in Mexican children. An ecological study included a self-report of dental caries in schoolchildren enrolled in public elementary and middle schools derived from the National School Health Survey. A total of 73,560 schoolchildren (representing 19,745,366 students) aged 5 to 16 years were included. Socioeconomic variables included were scales depicting physical characteristics of housing, purchasing power, etc. used in national surveys in Mexico to measure deprivation, poverty, and income inequality in official data. Data were analyzed in Stata using Spearman’s correlation test. For the most part, no association (p > 0.05) was found between caries self-report, socioeconomic variables, or the Gini index. However, caries self-report in elementary schoolchildren and total (elementary + middle-school) schoolchildren groups was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with two poverty variables: extreme poverty by income (value of personal food purchases per month) and poverty by income (value of personal food and non-food purchases per month). National data for dental caries self-report were associated—at the ecological level—with a few socioeconomic indicators but not with most of the usual and customary indicators used in national surveys in Mexico.

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Hygienic practices during menstruation among adolescent school girls

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v7i2.29657 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

Farhana Salim ◽

Nasreen Begum

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

School Health ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Issues ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

Sanitary Napkin ◽

Minimum Age ◽

School Girls

Objective : To assess the hygienic practices during menstruation among adolescent school girls in selected secondary rural schools.Methods : This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2015. Study area was selected on choice were four upazilas of Kishoreganj, Lakshmipur, Barguna and Sirajganj District. From the study area 15 schools were selected on the basis of convenience and accessibility. Data were collected from 438 purposively selected adolescent unmarried school girls aged 15-18 years and studying in class IX and X, through face to face interview by pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using software SPSS version 20.Results : The result of the study revealed that majority (52%) participants were using cloths and 48.4% were using sanitary napkin for menstrual hygiene management. About half of the participants got the information about menstrual and reproductive health from family members. Thirty five percent (35%) girls do not attend school during first two days of menstruation. Majority (69%) of the girls never change pad and 45% complained about unavailability of water at school. However, knowledge of reproductive health issues like minimum age at marriage (18yrs, 85.8%), minimum age of child birth (20yrs, 89%) and need for extra nutrition during pregnancy (99.0%) was quite satisfactory. The level of maternal education and economic condition were significantly associated with sanitary napkin use.Conclusion : The study revealed that higher percentage of participants was not using sanitary napkins, although their knowledge regarding menstrual and reproductive health issues is satisfactory. Implementation of school health programs for adolescents should emphasis on menstrual hygiene management.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(2) Jan 2016: 139-142

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Experience and Prevalence of Dental Caries in 6 to 12-Year-Old School Children in an Agricultural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Juan José Villalobos-Rodelo ◽

Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽

Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa ◽

Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez ◽

Mariana Mora-Acosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Migrant Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Agricultural Worker ◽

Dmft Index

Objective: To describe the experience and prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years belonging to agricultural manual worker households. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of schoolchildren: One considered “children of agricultural worker migrant parents” (n = 157) and the other “children of agricultural worker non-migrant parents” (n = 164). Epidemiological indices for dental caries were calculated for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions, and compared in terms of age, sex, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). Two binary logistic regression models for caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentitions were generated in Stata. Results: For primary dentition, we observed the following dmft index: Non-migrants = 1.73 ± 2.18 vs. migrants = 1.68 ± 2.14. Additionally, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 59.1% vs. migrants = 51.3%. For permanent dentition, we observed the following DMFT index: Non-migrants = 0.32 ± 0.81 vs. migrants = 0.29 ± 0.95. Further, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 17.6% vs. migrants = 12.8%. No differences were observed for either dentition (p > 0.05) in caries indices and their components or in caries prevalence. When both caries indices (dmft and DMFT) were combined, the non-migrant group had a higher level of caries experience than the migrant group (p < 0.05). No relationship (p > 0.05) with migrant status was observed in either multivariate models of caries prevalence. However, age did exhibit an association (p < 0.05) with caries. Only the plaque component of SOHI was associated (p < 0.05) with caries in permanent dentition. Conclusions: Although over half of school children from agricultural manual worker households had caries in either or both dentitions and a considerable proportion were untreated lesions, the prevalence levels were somewhat lower than other reports from Mexico in similar age groups. No statistically significant differences were found in caries experience or prevalence in either dentition between non-migrant and migrant groups.

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Impact of dental caries on quality of life of adolescents according to access to oral health services: a cross sectional study

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v15i1.8647090 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angela Xavier ◽

Érica Silva de Carvalho ◽

Roosevelt da Silva Bastos ◽

Magali de Lourdes Caldana ◽

Patrícia Ribeiro Mattar Damiance ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Public Schools ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Health Services ◽

Dental Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Health Services

Aim: This study presents the prevalence of dental caries and its relation to the quality of life of adolescents according to the access to dental health services. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-six adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age participated in the study; they were all enrolled in public schools in a countryside municipality of the São Paulo State. Data related to dental caries were evaluated by the DMFT Index, and OHIP-14 was used for evaluating the quality of life. Mann Whitney and Spearmann correlation tests were also used (p<0.05). Results: A DMFT of 3.09 (±3.30) was found with a higher prevalence among the adolescents who used public dental services (3.43±3.34) compared with those who used private services (2.94±3.28). A statistically significant relationship between the decay component of DMFT with physical pain (0.020), physical disability (0.002) and quality of life (0.017) was verified. Conclusions: A low prevalence of dental caries was observed, and it was higher in adolescents who used public oral health services rather than private ones, evidencing the low influence of oral health on the quality of life of the participants.

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Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20181393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Abdul Rauf Awan ◽

Junaid Jamshed ◽

Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽

Zahid Latif

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Public Schools ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Private Schools ◽

School Children ◽

School Health ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Screening Program ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Vision loss in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.Methods: This was a school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of <6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of participants was 10±2.83. The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).Conclusions: There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.

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