SEVERE PERTUSSIS IN CHILDHOOD: UPDATE AND CONTROVERSY - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: Through a systematic review, this essay aimed at revising the concepts of severe pertussis, updating the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy and auxiliary therapeutic options for symptomatology and complications. Data sources: This review considered publications from the last 30years in the databases US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane, Google Scholar, as well as protocols of the Ministry of Health and recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, related to childhood pertussis (whooping cough), with emphasis on its severe form. This research was based on keywords derived from the terms “pertussis”, “azithromycin”, “antitussives”, “leukocyte reduction” in Portuguese and English. Duplicate studies and those with unavailable full-text were excluded. Data synthesis: Among 556 records found, 54 were selected for analysis. Pertussis, as a reemerging disease, has affected all age groups, evidencing the transient immunity conferred by infection and vaccination. Severe cases occur in neonates and infants, with secondary viral and bacterial complications and malignant pertussis, a longside hyperleukocytosis, respiratory failure and shock. Macrolides continue to be the chosen antibiotics, while antitussives for coughing remain without efficacy. The prompt treatment in Intensive Care Units improved the prognostic in severe cases, and transfusion was promising among procedures for leukoreduction. Conclusions: Approaching severe pertussis in childhood remains a challenge for diagnostic and therapy, as the available therapeutic options are still unsatisfactory. Strategies of prevention are expected to reduce the occurrence of severe cases, while new studies should confirm the role of auxiliary therapies.

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Impact of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use: an updated systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e031598 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Clare Meernik ◽

Hannah M Baker ◽

Sarah D Kowitt ◽

Leah M Ranney ◽

Adam O Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Age Groups ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Product Appeal ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesGiven the exponential increase in the use of e-cigarettes among younger age groups and in the growth in research on e-cigarette flavours, we conducted a systematic review examining the impact of non-menthol flavoured e-cigarettes on e-cigarette perceptions and use among youth and adults.DesignPubMed, Embase, PyscINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies published and indexed through March 2018.Eligibility criteriaQuantitative observational and experimental studies that assessed the effect of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes on perceptions and use behaviours were included. Specific outcome measures assessed are appeal, reasons for use, risk perceptions, susceptibility, intention to try, initiation, preference, current use, quit intentions and cessation.Data extraction and synthesisThree authors independently extracted data related to the impact of flavours in tobacco products. Data from a previous review were then combined with those from the updated review for final analysis. Results were then grouped and analysed by outcome measure.ResultsThe review included 51 articles for synthesis, including 17 published up to 2016 and an additional 34 published between 2016 and 2018. Results indicate that non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes decrease harm perceptions (five studies) and increase willingness to try and initiation of e-cigarettes (six studies). Among adults, e-cigarette flavours increase product appeal (seven studies) and are a primary reason many adults use the product (five studies). The role of flavoured e-cigarettes on smoking cessation remains unclear (six studies).ConclusionThis review provides summary data on the role of non-menthol flavours in e-cigarette perceptions and use. Consistent evidence shows that flavours attract both youth and adults to use e-cigarettes. Given the clear findings that such flavours increase product appeal, willingness to try and initiation among youth, banning non-menthol flavours in e-cigarettes may reduce youth e-cigarette use. Longitudinal research is needed to examine any role flavours may play in quit behaviours among adults.

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Effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9092696 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 2696

Author(s):

Gloria Gonzalez-Medina ◽

Veronica Perez-Cabezas ◽

Antonio-Jesus Marin-Paz ◽

Alejandro Galán-Mercant ◽

Carmen Ruiz-Molinero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Activity Index ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Spinal Mobility ◽

Electronic Library ◽

Specific Population

The aim of this study was to determine the role of global postural reeducation for people with ankylosing spondylitis. We compared the effects of treatments on pain, dysfunction (using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), range of motion, and chest expansion in a specific population aged over 18 years old with ankylosing spondylitis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the PubMed, Physiotherapy Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Clinical trials and systematic reviews/meta-analysis were reviewed. Results: 154 studies were found. Finally, four were included. Conclusions: global postural reeducation is beneficial for ankylosing spondylitis, but no more so than other conventional treatments, except for spinal mobility, where Global Postural Reeducation demonstrated an advantage.

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The role of affect in practicing a musical instrument: A systematic review of the literature

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735619861831 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 848-863

Author(s):

Zofia Mazur ◽

Mariola Laguna

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Age Groups ◽

Instrumental Learning ◽

Musical Instrument ◽

Music Learning ◽

Different Types ◽

Instrumental Practice ◽

The Relationship ◽

Context Free

Affect impacts people’s cognitive processes as well as provides the energy to pursue goals and engage in actions. Research suggests that affect might influence instrumental learning behavior. This review aims to summarize the existing literature concerning the relationship between affect and instrumental practice. In order to determine the role of affect in undertaking instrumental practice and in engagement in practice, we conducted a systematic search via electronic databases and reference lists; we also hand-searched the key journals. Studies were included in the review if they concerned both affect and practicing behavior in musicians and instrumental students across all age groups and if the relationships between the two constructs were investigated. We focused on individual instrumental practice in the classical repertoire. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. They reported quantitative relationships between affect and the amount of practice or qualitatively described the role of affect in practice engagement. The results of this systematic review show that practicing a musical instrument is associated with different types of affect—practice-related, performance-related, and context-free affect. Further investigation of affect in the context of music learning may inform future interventions for instrumentalists motivating them to practice.

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Role of Steroids in Preventing Osteoradionecrosis of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/0003489419826595 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 (5) ◽

pp. 441-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Blake S. Raggio ◽

Ryan D. Winters

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Data Sources ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity

Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize the effectiveness of steroids in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck. Data Sources: PubMED, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane trial registries. Methods: A systematic review of these data sources was performed through September 2018 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included were English-language studies evaluating patients of all age groups diagnosed with head and neck cancer who underwent radiation therapy while receiving peritreatment steroids compared with those who did not receive steroids. Results: Two retrospective cohort studies were identified for qualitative review. On the basis of analysis of 25 328 participants (36-82 years of age) with head and neck cancer who underwent radiation therapy, the use of peritreatment steroids was associated with a significantly lower risk for osteoradionecrosis in both studies, with a hazard ratio of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.94; P = .012) and a relative risk of 0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.560; P = .017). Meta-analysis was precluded by clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Overall, the studies were of limited quality with high risk for bias and poor methodology. Conclusions: Limited retrospective data suggest that steroids are predictive of a reduced risk for osteoradionecrosis; however, no definitive conclusions can be made given the poor quality of the available literature. Well-designed, comparison-controlled trials are needed to clarify the promising role of steroids in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the head and neck.

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El papel del tutor en la enseñanza de la educación a distancia: una revisión sistemática sobre el enfoque de competencias

Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED) ◽

10.6018/red.435871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (66) ◽

Author(s):

Flavia Massuga ◽

Simone Soares ◽

Sergio Luis Dias Doliveria

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Online Environment ◽

Electronic Library ◽

Social Competencies ◽

Educación A Distancia ◽

Revisión Sistemática ◽

The Social ◽

Practical Performance ◽

Attention To Students

Considerando las particularidades y la importancia del papel del tutor en la Educación a Distancia, este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las competencias intrínsecas a las funciones de tutoría en esta modalidad de enseñanza. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando la metodología Methodi Ordinatio, en las bases de datos del Portal de Revistas Capes; Scientific Electronic Library Online, ScienceDirect y Scopus, que cubre estudios centrados en el tema en los últimos 10 años. En total, 12 estudios cumplieron los criterios establecidos y fueron evaluados. Los resultados muestran competencias técnicas, gerenciales y sociales asociadas con el papel del tutor. Entre ellos, se destacan las competencias de proporcionar atención individualizada a los estudiantes, de utilizar los sistemas y conocimientos asociados con la tecnología de la información, de proporcionar un entorno en línea acogedor, amigable, confiable y estimulante, de demostrar empatía, de estimular la interacción, de motivar a los estudiantes y proporcionar realimentación. Las dificultades aún son evidentes en relación con las habilidades técnicas y sociales, lo que lleva a la necesidad de una dirección dirigida a su desarrollo y mejora, para que puedan ayudar en el desempeño práctico eficaz y eficiente del tutor. Considering the particularities and the importance of the tutor's role in the Distance Education (EAD) modality, this study this study aimed to identify the competencies intrinsic to the tutoring functions in EAD. For this, a systematic review was carried out using the Methodi Ordinatio methodology, in the databases of Portal de Periódicos Capes; Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), ScienceDirect and Scopus, covering studies focused on the theme in the last 10 years. In total, 12 studies met the established criteria and were evaluated. The results show technical, managerial and social competencies associated with the role of the tutor. Among them, we highlight the competencies of: providing individualized attention to students, using the systems and knowledge associated with information technology, providing a welcoming, friendly, trusting and stimulating online environment, demonstrating empathy, stimulating interaction, motivating students and providing feedback, which are largely directed to the social perspective. Difficulties are still evident in relation to technical and social competencies, which leads to the need for a direction aimed at their development and improvement, so that they can assist in the effective and efficient practical performance of the tutor.

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Light-intensity physical activity and mental ill health: a systematic review of observational studies in the general population

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01196-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mireia Felez-Nobrega ◽

Judit Bort-Roig ◽

Ruimin Ma ◽

Eugenia Romano ◽

Matthew Faires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

General Population ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Most of theevidence has focused on examining the influence of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity on mental health, but he role of light intensity physical activity (LIPA) is less understood. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between time spent in LIPA and mental ill health across the lifespan. Methods Data were obtained from online databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo and CINAHL). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to May 28, 2020. Observational studies conducted in the general population and reporting on the association between LIPA (1.6–2.9 metabolic equivalents; either self-reported or device-based measured) and mental ill health were included. Results Twenty-two studies were included in the review (16 cross-sectional and 6 longitudinal). In older adults (≥ 65 years) and adults (18–64 years), the evidence examining the relationship between LIPA and depressive symptoms is mixed. Data on anxiety, psychological distress and overall mental health are scarce, and results are inconclusive. There is no evidence suggesting favorable associations between LIPA and anxiety in college students. Finally, very limited data was found in adolescents (11–17 years) (n = 2 studies) and children (6–10 years) (n = 2 studies), but the evidence suggests that LIPA does not influence mental health outcomes in these age groups. Conclusions This review provided mostly cross-sectional evidence indicating that LIPA may not be associated with mental health outcomes across age groups. Future research efforts employing prospective research designs are warranted to better understand the role of LIPA on mental ill health across age groups.

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Age and Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Does the Data Show?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 601-601

Author(s):

Usha Dhakal ◽

Suzanne Kunkel

Keyword(s):

Pertussis Serodiagnosis in Belgium from 1990 to 2009

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00003-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 588-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Muriel Vincent ◽

Caroline Rodeghiero ◽

Romain Eylenbosch ◽

Yvan Mans ◽

Jeannine Swalus-Steenhouwer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Age Groups ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

The Mean ◽

Children And Young Adolescents ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of pertussis by culture and PCR is most sensitive when performed on nasopharyngeal specimens collected <2 weeks and <3 weeks, respectively, after the onset of clinical disease. Conversely, serological testing allows the diagnosis of patients (mostly adults) with less typical whooping cough symptoms, for whom clinical samples are often collected at later time points. Here, we report on a 20-year serodiagnostic survey of pertussis in Belgium from 1990 to 2009. In total, 13,163 patients were analyzed forBordetella pertussis-specific antibodies by agglutination, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. The number of positive pertussis cases detected by serodiagnosis ranged between 50 and 150 annually. The mean age of positive cases increased from 9.9 years in 1990 to 33.9 years in 2009. Whereas from 1990 to 2003, children and young adolescents made up the majority of cases, from 2004 onwards, cases were detected in all age groups and the distribution became bimodal, with a first peak at the age of 10 to 20 years and a second at the age of 35 to 50 years. In contrast, patients diagnosed since 2001 by PCR and/or culture were mostly children younger than 1 year of age. Despite extensive childhood vaccination campaigns, whooping cough is still present in Belgium. Our findings confirm the potential role of adults in the continued transmission of pertussis and strongly warrant booster or cocoon vaccinations in older age groups.

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Children’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of early surveillance data on susceptibility, severity, and transmissibility

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92500-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katy A. M. Gaythorpe ◽

Sangeeta Bhatia ◽

Tara Mangal ◽

H. Juliette T. Unwin ◽

Natsuko Imai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Study Protocols

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported in all age groups including infants, children, and adolescents. However, the role of children in the COVID-19 pandemic is still uncertain. This systematic review of early studies synthesises evidence on the susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the severity and clinical outcomes in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 by children in the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed. Reviewers extracted data from relevant, peer-reviewed studies published up to July 4th 2020 during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak using a standardised form and assessed quality using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. For studies included in the meta-analysis, we used a random effects model to calculate pooled estimates of the proportion of children considered asymptomatic or in a severe or critical state. We identified 2775 potential studies of which 128 studies met our inclusion criteria; data were extracted from 99, which were then quality assessed. Finally, 29 studies were considered for the meta-analysis that included information of symptoms and/or severity, these were further assessed based on patient recruitment. Our pooled estimate of the proportion of test positive children who were asymptomatic was 21.1% (95% CI: 14.0–28.1%), based on 13 included studies, and the proportion of children with severe or critical symptoms was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.5–6.0%), based on 14 included studies. We did not identify any studies designed to assess transmissibility in children and found that susceptibility to infection in children was highly variable across studies. Children’s susceptibility to infection and onward transmissibility relative to adults is still unclear and varied widely between studies. However, it is evident that most children experience clinically mild disease or remain asymptomatically infected. More comprehensive contact-tracing studies combined with serosurveys are needed to quantify children’s transmissibility relative to adults. With children back in schools, testing regimes and study protocols that will allow us to better understand the role of children in this pandemic are critical.

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‘Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:’ A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults’ Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza)

10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jose M. Aravena ◽

Cristopher Aceituno ◽

Kate Nyhan ◽

Kewei Shi ◽

Sten Vermund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Acute Respiratory Disease ◽

Data Synthesis

AbstractBackgroundMental health has become one of the fundamental priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situations like physical distancing as well as being constantly tagged as the most vulnerable group could expose older adults to mental and psychosocial burdens. Nonetheless, there is little clarity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar pandemics in the past on the mental illness, wellbeing, and psychosocial health of the older population compared to other age groups.ObjectivesTo describe the patterns of older adults’ mental and psychosocial health related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics and to evaluate the differences with how other age groups respond.Eligibility criteriaquantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older.Data sourceOriginal articles published until June 1st, 2020, in any language searched in the electronic healthcare and social sciences database: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (中国知网 –CNKI). Furthermore, EPPI Centre’s COVID-19 living systematic map and the publicly available publication list of the COVID-19 living systematic review will be incorporated for preprints and recent COVID-19 publications.Data extractionTwo independent reviewers will extract predefined parameters. The risk of bias will be assessed.Data synthesisData synthesis will be performed according to study type and design, type of epidemic and pandemic, types of outcomes (mental health and psychosocial outcomes), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, food security, presence of dependency in daily life activities independent/dependent older adults). Comparison between sex, race, and other age groups will be performed qualitatively, and quantitatively if enough data is available. The risk of bias and study heterogeneity will be reported for quantitative studies.ConclusionThis study will provide information to take actions to address potential mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults and to understand responses on this age group. Furthermore, it will be useful to identify potential groups that are more vulnerable or resilient to the mental-health challenges of the current worldwide pandemic.

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