Micropropagation of Syngonanthus elegantulus

The species Syngonanthus elegantulus Ruhland is an important native plant used as cut flowers, but extractive exploration has caused the endangered status of this plant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a protocol of the micropropagation of S. elegantulus. To this end, seed germination was tested in media containing different concentrations of WPM salts. For plantlet establishment, MS and WPM media were evaluated with 50 and 100% of the salt concentrations. Different the sucrose levels in the WPM medium were also evaluated. For multiplication, the plantlets were inoculated in WPM media with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA in all possible combinations. The pre-acclimatization effect was tested in the plantlets using the following substrates: sand, PlantmaxTM and vermiculite. The concentration of the medium did not influence the percentage of germination, but the germination speed index was inversely proportional to the nutrient addition to the culture medium. The best medium for plantlet establishment was WPM at the original salt concentration plus 17 g L-1 sucrose. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 NAA is recommended for callus induction. The highest number of shoots was obtained in the presence of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ or the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 TDZ with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA. S. elegantulus presented higher survival when acclimatized directly in sand.

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Influences of Growth Regulators and Cultivars on Callus and Shoot Production of Alfalfa

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.461f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 461f-462

Author(s):

Guochen Yang ◽

Marihelen Kamp-Glass

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Shoot Organogenesis ◽

Multiple Shoots ◽

Apparent Difference ◽

Shoot Production ◽

Callus Initiation ◽

Dark Green ◽

Number Of Shoots ◽

Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds of Cimarron VR, CW1446, CW2440, C94-118, C94-785, and WL311 were used as explants. BA, zeatin, and TDZ were evaluated on callus initiation, development, and shoot production. Callus initiation and development toward shoot organogenesis were enhanced when BA was added in the culture medium. Calli produced from BA treatments were compact, solid, and dark green. Similar results were obtained when zeatin was added in the culture medium. However, no shoots were produced from such calli. Multiple shoots were produced directly from each individual explant when TDZ was added to culture medium. However, when higher concentration of TDZ was used, number of shoots per explant was decreased, and dwarf shoots were produced. No apparent difference on shoot production was observed among the cultivars tested so far. Data on number of shoots per explant from two of these cultivars need to be statistically analyzed.

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Seed Germination and in vitro Plant Regeneration through Callus Culture of Two Lychnis Species

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v25i1.24110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kee Hwa Bae ◽

Eui Soo Yoon

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Callus Induction ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Adventitious Shoot ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

In Vitro Plant Regeneration

Lychnis cognate Maxim and Lychnis fulgens Fish. Ex Spreng are two valued ornamental plants in Korea. Soaking of seeds in GA3 solution remarkably promoted germination up to 60%, but the control (0 mg/l) was not effective (> 5%). To select an adequate temperature for seed germination, seeds, previously soaked in a 1000 mg/l GA3 for 24 hrs, were incubated at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Seed germination of over 20% was obtained at 15, 20, and 25°C, but only 10% at 30°C. These results indicate that the seeds of L. cognate and L. fulgens are in a such dormant state that they hardly germinate even by dormancy breaker (GA3) and low (15 ? 25°C) temperature treatment. The highest callus induction was observed in the leaf explants of the seedlings on MS containing specific concentrations of 3.0 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA. The adventitious shoot was formed < 90% of calli on 1/2 WPM medium. The height of in vitro propagated plantlet was no different media used for regeneration. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of endangered and ornamental plant.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 1-12, 2015 (June)

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Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v43254286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽

Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽

Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽

Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽

Artemio Pérez-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Chitosan Coating ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

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Can tortoises facilitate the germination of plants with dry fruits? A simulation of the effects of Chelonoidis carbonarius (Testudines: Testudinidae) on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201667310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 661-666

Author(s):

João Fabrício Mota Rodrigues ◽

Sâmia Paiva de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Acidic Condition ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Germination Process ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Acidic Conditions

Abstract Ingestion of seeds by vertebrates may influence seed germination and dispersion. However the mechanisms responsible by these effects and the importance of turtles in these interactions are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate how Chelonoidis carbonarius influences the germination process of Leucaena leucocephala using an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, that simulates the passage of the seeds of this plant through the digestive tract of C. carbonarius: stomach acidic condition and seeds sown in feces. We demonstrated that sowing the seeds in feces of Chelonoidis carbonarius has a negative effect on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala, decreasing the germination speed index of the seeds, while the acidic conditions have a neutral one. This study is a first attempt to understand how turtles and tortoises may influence the seed germination, and the implications of these findings in natural environments deserve further investigations.

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ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4708 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽

Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽

Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽

Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Early Growth ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Root Weight ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

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Response of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds to pre-germinative treatments and experimental conditions

Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental ◽

10.22490/21456453.4278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Luciana Pinto Paim ◽

Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽

Juliana Carolina Alves Horlle ◽

Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽

Marília Lazarotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Substrate Temperature ◽

Water Intake ◽

White Light ◽

Green Light ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Germination Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Contextualization: Lupinus bracteolaris is a heliophite species that vegetates low lands, open slopes and sandstone hills. Knowledge gap: Despite the high rusticity and potential for covering poor soils, there is still no information to assist in the analysis of its seeds. Purpose: To determine pre-germinative treatments, substrate, temperature, luminosity and water intake in the vigor of Lupinus bracteolaris seeds. Methodology: Fruits were collected from 20 matrix plants, then the seeds were processed and submitted to the following tests: pre-germinative methods (six treatments at 25°C); substrates and temperatures (sand and paper at 20, 25 and 30°C); photoblast test (white light, diffuse-green light and continuous dark under 20°C) and the imbibition curve (control and scarification between sandpaper under 20°C). Evaluations: percentage of germination and formed seedlings, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling formation, using a completely randomized design. Results and conclusions: According to the analyzed variables, the results showed superiority for the pre-germinative treatment between sandpapers for 20 seconds. In addition, the substrate paper germibox and the temperature of 20°C were the most suitable during seed germination. The seeds of Lupinus bracteolaris were classified as neutral-photoblastic and without dormancy.

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In vitro propagation of six selected sugarcane mutant clones through leaf explants

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 883 (1) ◽

pp. 012075

Author(s):

R Purnamaningsih ◽

D Sukmadjaja ◽

S Suhesti ◽

S Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Callus Induction ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

High Productivity ◽

Media Formulation ◽

Number Of Shoots

Abstract Six mutant clones of sugarcane with high productivity have been produced through tissue culture techniques combined with mutations using gamma-ray irradiation and Ethyl Methane Sulfonate. The six mutant clones have been tested for stability in the field. They are proven to have high productivity and yields, so that they are very potential to be developed as superior varieties. To support the planting material sufficiency of these clones, an efficient propagation method was needed. Media formulations with different physical properties and composition of growth regulators were tested to obtain high seedling propagation rates. The media formulation for callus induction was Murashige dan Skoog (MS) + 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 g/l casein hydrolysate + 3% sucrose and for shoot regeneration was MS + 0,5 mg/l BA + 0,1 mg/l IBA + 100 mg/l PVP and 2% sucrose. Shoot proliferation was carried out on MS liquid (1, ½) + (0.3; 0.5 mg/l) BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l Kinetin + (0; 0.5 mg/l) GA3+ sucrose 2%. The results showed that callus induction, callus regeneration, and shoot proliferation of sugarcane mutant clones were influenced by the genotype and medium composition. The fastest callus induction was obtained from the MSP-4 clone (5.82 days), and the longest was MSB-7 (8.82 days). The largest callus diameter was obtained from MSB-6 clone on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA, 100 mg/l PVP, and 2% sucrose. The highest number of shoots was obtained from the MSB-6 clone, while the least number of shoots conducted from the MSB-8 clone. The MSB-8 clones were more difficult to regenerate compared to the others. The best media formulation for shoot proliferation was ½ MS containing 0.5 mg/l BA, 1 mg/l Kinetin, and 0.1 mg/l IBA, while the best formulation for rooting was ½ MS.

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Seed Germination of Roundleaf Buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and Silver Buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) in Three Substrates

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-27.3.129 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Taun Beddes ◽

Heidi A. Kratsch

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Native Plant ◽

Calcined Clay ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Poor Seed ◽

Container Capacity

Abstract Many western native plant species occur in areas characterized by well-drained soils low in organic matter. Some drought-tolerant native plant species exhibit poor seed germination. It was hypothesized that traditional growing substrates high in organic matter may impede their germination; therefore, stratified seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) were sown in three substrates differing in organic matter and drainage properties. Seed flats were irrigated twice daily to container capacity, and held on a greenhouse bench for 40 days. Seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry exhibited greatest total germination in a calcined montmorillonite calcined clay substrate (66%); seeds exhibited low germination in a commercial peat-based germination mix (13%) and in a self-prepared, locally popular substrate (22%) that contained sphagnum peat: perlite: calcined clay: sand (2: 2: 1: 1 by vol). Seed germination of silver buffaloberry varied from 42 to 54% and was not different among the three substrates. When substrates are kept consistently moist, a calcined-clay substrate can improve germination of roundleaf buffaloberry, but not silver buffaloberry.

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ACTIVATED CHARCOAL APPLICATION FOR THE MICROPROPAGATION OF Cattleya crispata (Thunb.) Van den Berg

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i4.12164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 352-358

Author(s):

Denys Matheus Santana Costa Souza ◽

Sérgio Bruno Fernandes ◽

Letícia Vaz Molinari ◽

Maria Lopes Martins Avelar ◽

Gilvano Ebling Brondani

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Genetic Conservation ◽

Campo Rupestre ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Germination Speed

Micropropagation is an alternative for the genetic conservation and propagation of endemic species from “Campo Rupestre Ferruginoso”, such as the orchid Cattleya crispata. The aim of the present study is to assess the influence of activated charcoal on the in vitro germination, multiplication and elongation phases of C. crispata. Seeds extracted from mature capsules were used for inoculation in the culture medium that was adopted to assess the effect of supplementation, or not, with activated charcoal. Data about germination speed, seedling number, length, vigor, oxidation and contamination (bacterial and/or fungal) were assessed through these phases. Based on the results obtained, the use of activated charcoal was efficient in the in vitro germination and multiplication phases of C. crispata, providing greater speed and percentage of germination, less contamination and oxidation of the tissues, greater number, length and vigor of shoots, being effective for the genetic conservation and production of seedlings of the species. Culture medium without the supplementation of activated charcoal provided the best results for the in vitro elongation, with greater length, vigor and less oxidation of shoots.

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Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions ◽

10.1079/9781789242171.0090 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-104

Author(s):

M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽

Ana E. Ferreras ◽

Valeria Paiaro

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dispersal ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Native Species ◽

Native Plants ◽

Woody Species ◽

Native Plant ◽

Invasional Meltdown ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

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